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| { | |
| "cells": [ | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | |
| "id": "656c1fb9-b815-4559-b793-bcf93bed6d14", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "source": [ | |
| "# Figuring out pan law for Game Boy\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "[Pan Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panning_law) impl usually raises the volume when a sound is panned full left or full right. Usually:\n", | |
| "* the sound is in full volume when it's right in front of my face\n", | |
| "* when the sound is only on either side of my head I *perceive* about a 3dB drop in volume, because only one of my ears are receiving it\n", | |
| "* I raise the volume up by 3dB to compensate for it.\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "Here the assumption for GB is:\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "* I'm composing songs in stereo, so I pan the channels as I please and adjust the mix to sound good *given* the panning sequence.\n", | |
| "* I'm composing it for a sound engine where stereo is the default.\n", | |
| "* the sound engine has a \"mono\" mode, where it ignores panning commands and *always* places sounds \"at the center\".\n", | |
| "* the noise channel has predefined drum sounds, so I will ignore accounting for it. Instead I'll only focus on the square channels.\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "the game boy has some quirks that make the differences in perception over volume even worse:\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "* the Game Boy only cares which speaker(s) to output sound from, consequently for stereo it can only do hard pan left/right.\n", | |
| "* \"center\" panning is basically just outputting the sound from both speakers, absolutely no compensation.\n", | |
| "* The end result is that my songs when played in mono mode has horrible mixing. Specifically, the channels play *too loud*.\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "Because I assume the stereo sound is the intended volume, I need to compensate in mono mode by *decreasing* the volume when the sound engine is in mono mode." | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | |
| "id": "a61991e3-8cb3-43f8-a0be-0072a83fa86e", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "source": [ | |
| "As mentioned, the console doesn't do any compensation, so I have to do it myself in the sound engine. The Game Boy's square envelope has a starting volume, I can mess about with that. But to calculate the volume to adjust it to, I need to:\n", | |
| "1. get the overall volume of the note\n", | |
| "2. apply the (inverse) pan law to it, creating a target volume\n", | |
| "3. find the volume that matches up to it and apply that instead of the intended volume in mono mode.\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "To do step 1, I need to know how the Game Boy envelope thing works. When there is an envelope, its volume changes [every 64 Hz](https://gbdev.io/pandocs/Audio_details.html#div-apu). An envelope of 1 means \"change volume every 1 * 64 Hz\", 2 is \"2 * 64 Hz\" and so on, for both decay and attack.\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "The volume changes are linear, but aren't smooth—they correspond to the GB's 16 levels for square and noise.\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "<table>\n", | |
| "<tr><th>Volume</th><th>Tick (1)</th><th>Tick (2)</th><th>Tick (3)</th></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0F (15/15)</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0E (14/15)</td><td>64</td><td>128</td><td>192</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0D (13/15)</td><td>128</td><td>256</td><td>384</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0C (12/15)</td><td>192</td><td>384</td><td>576</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0B (11/15)</td><td>256</td><td>512</td><td>768</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0A (10/15)</td><td>320</td><td>640</td><td>960</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>09 (9/15)</td><td>384</td><td>768</td><td>1152</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "</table>\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "Unfortunately—as a consequence of this specific way of doing envelopes—when the envelope's direction is down, the initial volume determines the \"effective\" length of a note. This is different from the built-in [length timer](https://gbdev.io/pandocs/Audio.html#length-timer). This means that lowering the initial volume makes the note shorter, and vice versa. Here I assume that volume control is more important than preserving effective length." | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 1, | |
| "id": "3bd7a87f-d3df-4a6f-820d-ce4ef19e1ad2", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "outputs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "stdout", | |
| "output_type": "stream", | |
| "text": [ | |
| "Period 0.25 1000 Hz square wave for 10.00 seconds at 44100 Hz\n" | |
| ] | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "# Assume I'm working with 44.1khz\n", | |
| "sample_rate = 44_100\n", | |
| "frequency = 1000\n", | |
| "period = 1/4\n", | |
| "seconds = 10\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "print(\n", | |
| " \"Period %.2f %d Hz square wave for %.2f seconds at %d Hz\" %\n", | |
| " (period, frequency, seconds, sample_rate)\n", | |
| ")" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 2, | |
| "id": "96c73326-dc2e-4388-bddc-c26c044c54a9", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "outputs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "stdout", | |
| "output_type": "stream", | |
| "text": [ | |
| "One cycle = 11 samples (44 samples are HIGH, the rest are LOW)\n", | |
| "\n" | |
| ] | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "# How many samples is one cycle?\n", | |
| "one_cycle = sample_rate // frequency\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "# For how many samples should the sample be HIGH?\n", | |
| "no_of_up_samples = int(one_cycle * period)\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "print(\n", | |
| " \"One cycle = %d samples (%d samples are HIGH, the rest are LOW)\\n\" %\n", | |
| " (no_of_up_samples, one_cycle)\n", | |
| ")" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 3, | |
| "id": "51a67347-d2d1-410e-8fbc-0d79a6de471a", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "outputs": [], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "# Simulate the sound register contents\n", | |
| "starting_volume = 0xf/15\n", | |
| "envelope_value = 7\n", | |
| "going_up = False" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 4, | |
| "id": "2a720b4a-e5e5-42f6-a985-9e07c75c46fb", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "outputs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "stdout", | |
| "output_type": "stream", | |
| "text": [ | |
| "First sample to hit zero or max: 77168\n" | |
| ] | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "# Let's model a Game Boy...\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "# First let's safeguard against input errors\n", | |
| "if envelope_value > 7:\n", | |
| " envelope_value = 7\n", | |
| "elif envelope_value < 0:\n", | |
| " envelope_value = 0\n", | |
| "if starting_volume > 1:\n", | |
| " starting_volume = 1\n", | |
| "elif starting_volume < 0:\n", | |
| " starting_volume = 0\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "# As mentioned before, the volume changes every (64 * envelope_value) Hz\n", | |
| "# so let's determine how many samples is that\n", | |
| "if envelope_value == 0:\n", | |
| " change_every = 0\n", | |
| "else:\n", | |
| " change_every = (sample_rate // 64) * envelope_value\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "# Prepare the buckets and initialize the output volume\n", | |
| "samples = []\n", | |
| "volume = starting_volume\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "# To keep track of the \"effective\" sound length (not the configurable sound length! let's assume that's \"infinity\")\n", | |
| "# If the envelope is going up, this tracks the first sample to hit the max volume instead.\n", | |
| "has_hit_zero_yet = False\n", | |
| "first_sample_to_hit_zero = 0\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "# Let's simulate what an emulator might do, ignoring how the Game Boy itself\n", | |
| "# generates a square wave; for simplicity I'm doing a *pure* sine wave\n", | |
| "for i in range(int(sample_rate * seconds)):\n", | |
| " # This is what changes the actual volume output\n", | |
| " if change_every != 0:\n", | |
| " if going_up:\n", | |
| " if (i % change_every == 0) and (i != 0) and (volume < 1):\n", | |
| " volume += 1/15\n", | |
| " else:\n", | |
| " if (i % change_every == 0) and (i != 0) and (volume > 0):\n", | |
| " volume -= 1/15\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| " # Clamp the resulting volume\n", | |
| " if volume < 0:\n", | |
| " volume = 0\n", | |
| " elif volume > 1:\n", | |
| " volume = 1\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| " # Create the actual square wave\n", | |
| " p = i % one_cycle\n", | |
| " if p < no_of_up_samples:\n", | |
| " # Should output HIGH\n", | |
| " samples += [.12 * volume]\n", | |
| " else:\n", | |
| " # Should output LOW\n", | |
| " samples += [-.12* volume]\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| " # Now keep track of the number of the first sample where the envelope\n", | |
| " # reaches its Final Destination™\n", | |
| " if going_up:\n", | |
| " if (volume > 14/15) and not has_hit_zero_yet:\n", | |
| " has_hit_zero_yet = True\n", | |
| " first_sample_to_hit_zero = i\n", | |
| " else:\n", | |
| " if (volume == 0) and not has_hit_zero_yet:\n", | |
| " has_hit_zero_yet = True\n", | |
| " first_sample_to_hit_zero = i\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "print(\n", | |
| " \"First sample to hit zero or max: %d\" % first_sample_to_hit_zero\n", | |
| ")\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "# Add one more envelope sweep cycle to account for the 0\n", | |
| "first_sample_to_hit_zero += change_every" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 5, | |
| "id": "1157a908-e9da-4052-932b-023894685a85", | |
| "metadata": { | |
| "scrolled": true | |
| }, | |
| "outputs": [ | |
| { | |
| "data": { | |
| "text/plain": [ | |
| "(0.0, 81991.0)" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "execution_count": 5, | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "output_type": "execute_result" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "data": { | |
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", | |
| "text/plain": [ | |
| "<Figure size 640x480 with 1 Axes>" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "output_type": "display_data" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "# Now, plot the resulting wave\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "from matplotlib import pyplot as plt\n", | |
| "%matplotlib inline\n", | |
| "fig = plt.figure()\n", | |
| "ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,.3])\n", | |
| "ax.plot(samples)\n", | |
| "ax.set_title(\"GB square wave simulation\")\n", | |
| "plt.xlim(0, first_sample_to_hit_zero)" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 6, | |
| "id": "04928479-89ea-470c-8f7d-6e25f9157c19", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "outputs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "stdout", | |
| "output_type": "stream", | |
| "text": [ | |
| "RMS value: -23.308472622321517 dB\n" | |
| ] | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "# If I'm not doing anything fancy, I could just use a simple\n", | |
| "# RMS calculation over all the samples, and determine its dB value.\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "import numpy as np\n", | |
| "sample_arr = np.array(samples[:first_sample_to_hit_zero])\n", | |
| "rms_value = lambda arr: np.sqrt(np.mean(arr**2))\n", | |
| "db_value = lambda x: 20 * np.log10(x)\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "print(\n", | |
| " f\"RMS value: {db_value(rms_value(sample_arr))} dB\"\n", | |
| ")" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 7, | |
| "id": "50d7d35b-817c-4844-b3d3-374faf9faa68", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "outputs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "stdout", | |
| "output_type": "stream", | |
| "text": [ | |
| "Integrated loudness: -22.71423445874779 dB LUFS\n" | |
| ] | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "# Integrated Loudness readings are considered better, but it's a pain to calculate\n", | |
| "# by myself. Fortunately, this is Python. Someone else has done it for me, so I\n", | |
| "# don't have to.\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "import pyloudnorm\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "meter = pyloudnorm.Meter(sample_rate)\n", | |
| "print(\n", | |
| " f\"Integrated loudness: {meter.integrated_loudness(sample_arr)} dB LUFS\"\n", | |
| ")" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 8, | |
| "id": "6ef37be5-47cd-4dbb-836f-bdeaa1787c26", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "outputs": [], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "# Let's smash everything in one function...\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "sample_rate = 44_100\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "def compare(peak: float, compare_function):\n", | |
| " # Setup\n", | |
| " global sample_rate\n", | |
| " frequency = 1000\n", | |
| " period = 1/4\n", | |
| " seconds = 10\n", | |
| " envelope_value = 7\n", | |
| " going_up = False\n", | |
| " # ---\n", | |
| " one_cycle = sample_rate // frequency\n", | |
| " no_of_up_samples = int(one_cycle * period)\n", | |
| " for env_value in range(15, 1-1, -1):\n", | |
| " starting_volume = env_value/15\n", | |
| " #######################################################\n", | |
| " if envelope_value == 0:\n", | |
| " change_every = 0\n", | |
| " else:\n", | |
| " change_every = (sample_rate // 64) * envelope_value\n", | |
| " samples = []\n", | |
| " volume = starting_volume\n", | |
| " if envelope_value > 7:\n", | |
| " envelope_value = 7\n", | |
| " elif envelope_value < 0:\n", | |
| " envelope_value = 0\n", | |
| " has_hit_zero_yet = False\n", | |
| " first_sample_to_hit_zero = 0\n", | |
| " for i in range(int(sample_rate * seconds)):\n", | |
| " if change_every != 0:\n", | |
| " if going_up:\n", | |
| " if (i % change_every == 0) and (i != 0) and (volume < 1):\n", | |
| " volume += 1/15\n", | |
| " else:\n", | |
| " if (i % change_every == 0) and (i != 0) and (volume > 0):\n", | |
| " volume -= 1/15\n", | |
| " if volume < 0:\n", | |
| " volume = 0\n", | |
| " elif volume > 1:\n", | |
| " volume = 1\n", | |
| " p = i % one_cycle\n", | |
| " if p < no_of_up_samples:\n", | |
| " samples += [peak * volume]\n", | |
| " else:\n", | |
| " samples += [-peak * volume]\n", | |
| " if going_up:\n", | |
| " if (volume > 14/15) and not has_hit_zero_yet:\n", | |
| " has_hit_zero_yet = True\n", | |
| " first_sample_to_hit_zero = i\n", | |
| " else:\n", | |
| " if (volume == 0) and not has_hit_zero_yet:\n", | |
| " has_hit_zero_yet = True\n", | |
| " first_sample_to_hit_zero = i\n", | |
| " first_sample_to_hit_zero += change_every\n", | |
| " compare_function(samples, first_sample_to_hit_zero, env_value)" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 9, | |
| "id": "5647cd98-6ba1-4e7d-a7ed-65862640f792", | |
| "metadata": { | |
| "scrolled": true | |
| }, | |
| "outputs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "stdout", | |
| "output_type": "stream", | |
| "text": [ | |
| "<tr><td>0f</td><td>-4.30</td><td>-4.30</td><td>1859</td><td>-7.30</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0e</td><td>-4.90</td><td>-0.60</td><td>1750</td><td>-7.90</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0d</td><td>-5.54</td><td>-0.65</td><td>1640</td><td>-8.54</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0c</td><td>-6.24</td><td>-0.70</td><td>1531</td><td>-9.24</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0b</td><td>-7.00</td><td>-0.76</td><td>1422</td><td>-10.00</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0a</td><td>-8.29</td><td>-1.29</td><td>1312</td><td>-11.29</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>09</td><td>-9.25</td><td>-0.96</td><td>1203</td><td>-12.25</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>08</td><td>-10.33</td><td>-1.08</td><td>1094</td><td>-13.33</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>07</td><td>-11.56</td><td>-1.22</td><td>984</td><td>-14.56</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>06</td><td>-12.97</td><td>-1.41</td><td>875</td><td>-15.97</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>05</td><td>-15.49</td><td>-2.53</td><td>766</td><td>-18.49</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>04</td><td>-17.68</td><td>-2.18</td><td>656</td><td>-20.68</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>03</td><td>-18.99</td><td>-1.32</td><td>547</td><td>-21.99</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>02</td><td>-23.93</td><td>-4.93</td><td>328</td><td>-26.93</td>?<td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>01</td><td>-31.58</td><td>-7.65</td><td>219</td><td>-34.58</td>?<td></tr>\n" | |
| ] | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "# …so I can get results for all the possible starting volumes bar 0\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "import pyloudnorm\n", | |
| "import numpy as np\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "meter = pyloudnorm.Meter(sample_rate)\n", | |
| "last_il = 0.0\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "volume_map = {}\n", | |
| "def something(samples, first_sample_to_hit_zero, env_value):\n", | |
| " global last_il\n", | |
| " # Default block size for pyloudnorm's integrated loudness function is .4 seconds\n", | |
| " # so I need to adjust, otherwise the calculation will throw an error\n", | |
| " if first_sample_to_hit_zero < (sample_rate * .4):\n", | |
| " sample_arr = np.array(samples)\n", | |
| " else:\n", | |
| " # use the entire sample if the time to 0 or max is less than .4 seconds\n", | |
| " sample_arr = np.array(samples[:first_sample_to_hit_zero])\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| " il = meter.integrated_loudness(sample_arr)\n", | |
| " diff = il - last_il\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| " # in ms\n", | |
| " effective_sound_length = first_sample_to_hit_zero/sample_rate*1000\n", | |
| " \n", | |
| " #print(\n", | |
| " # f\"IL with init volume {hex(env_value)[2:].zfill(2)}: {il:.2f} dB LUFS -/+({diff:.2f})\"\n", | |
| " #)\n", | |
| " print(\n", | |
| " f\"<tr><td>{hex(env_value)[2:].zfill(2)}</td><td>{il:.2f}</td><td>{diff:.2f}</td><td>{effective_sound_length:.0f}</td><td>{il-3.0:.2f}</td>?<td></tr>\"\n", | |
| " )\n", | |
| " last_il = il\n", | |
| " \n", | |
| "compare(1, something)\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "# Now copy and paste the output to the cell below" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | |
| "id": "a713a0c1-276a-4e65-96af-99e8f80bedfa", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "source": [ | |
| "## Determining the mappings\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "Assumes:\n", | |
| "* **A single note is played to completion.** Does not consider multiple notes played in succession.\n", | |
| "* Using a peak of +1.0 and a trough of -1.0.\n", | |
| "* Values are approximate.\n", | |
| "* Simple square wave emulation, not really accurate to the Game Boy's actual output.\n", | |
| "* The envelope speed used is 7.\n", | |
| "* The sample wave is a 1000 Hz 25% square wave.\n", | |
| "* The mapping is the closest in target integrated volume.\n", | |
| "* The integrated loudness uses `pyloudnorm`'s default based on ITU-R BS.1770-4.\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "<table>\n", | |
| "<tr><th>GB volume</th><th>Integrated</th><th>Difference</th><th>Effective note length in ms</th><th>Pan law volume target (at -3 dB)</th><th>Mapping (-3 dB)</th></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0f</td><td>-4.30</td><td>-4.30</td><td>1859</td><td>-7.30</td><td>0b</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0e</td><td>-4.90</td><td>-0.60</td><td>1750</td><td>-7.90</td><td>0b</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0d</td><td>-5.54</td><td>-0.65</td><td>1640</td><td>-8.54</td><td>0a</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0c</td><td>-6.24</td><td>-0.70</td><td>1531</td><td>-9.24</td><td>09</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0b</td><td>-7.00</td><td>-0.76</td><td>1422</td><td>-10.00</td><td>09</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>0a</td><td>-8.29</td><td>-1.29</td><td>1312</td><td>-11.29</td><td>08</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>09</td><td>-9.25</td><td>-0.96</td><td>1203</td><td>-12.25</td><td>07</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>08</td><td>-10.33</td><td>-1.08</td><td>1094</td><td>-13.33</td><td>06</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>07</td><td>-11.56</td><td>-1.22</td><td>984</td><td>-14.56</td><td>06</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>06</td><td>-12.97</td><td>-1.41</td><td>875</td><td>-15.97</td><td>05</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>05</td><td>-15.49</td><td>-2.53</td><td>766</td><td>-18.49</td><td>04</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>04</td><td>-17.68</td><td>-2.18</td><td>656</td><td>-20.68</td><td>03</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>03</td><td>-18.99</td><td>-1.32</td><td>547</td><td>-21.99</td><td>03</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>02</td><td>-23.93</td><td>-4.93</td><td>328</td><td>-26.93</td><td>02</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>01</td><td>-31.58</td><td>-7.65</td><td>219</td><td>-34.58</td><td>01</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "<tr><td>00</td><td>-Inf</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>00</td><td></td></tr>\n", | |
| "</table>\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "Difference appears to the same no matter the peak level…\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "Determining the mapping:\n", | |
| "1. Find a hex volume range where the target volume in dB sits between. Ex. -7.30 is between -7.00 (`0b`) and -8.29 (`0a`)\n", | |
| "2. Get the value of the upper limit, ex. in that case would be `0b`." | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | |
| "id": "6fb897a3-a537-4aef-9be1-ace0eb80dde2", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "source": [ | |
| "Mapping so far:\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "```asm\n", | |
| "; for envelope 0\n", | |
| " db 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 10, 11\n", | |
| "; for envelope 1\n", | |
| " db 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 7, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13\n", | |
| "; for envelope 2\n", | |
| " db 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11\n", | |
| "; for envelope 3\n", | |
| " db 0, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 11, 11\n", | |
| "; for envelope 4\n", | |
| " db 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 10, 12\n", | |
| "; for envelope 5\n", | |
| " db 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 11, 12\n", | |
| "; for envelope 6\n", | |
| " db 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 11, 11\n", | |
| "; for envelope 7\n", | |
| " db 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 11, 11\n", | |
| "```" | |
| ] | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "metadata": { | |
| "kernelspec": { | |
| "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", | |
| "language": "python", | |
| "name": "python3" | |
| }, | |
| "language_info": { | |
| "codemirror_mode": { | |
| "name": "ipython", | |
| "version": 3 | |
| }, | |
| "file_extension": ".py", | |
| "mimetype": "text/x-python", | |
| "name": "python", | |
| "nbconvert_exporter": "python", | |
| "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", | |
| "version": "3.11.9" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "nbformat": 4, | |
| "nbformat_minor": 5 | |
| } |
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