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How fork() works
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fork().md

fork() causes the current process to reun itself again and these lines of execution run concurrently from the point at which fork() is called.

A process is a program in execution. The main process has a line of execution. For each call to fork() that line of execution splits. The main process continues but there is now a child process which continues from the same point. If fork() is called once, then a new branch of exection spins off and each branch exectes the same code from the same point forward, even another call to fork()

For every subsequent fork() each current line of execution must branch. For 1 call it's 2 branches, for 2 it's 4, for 3 it's 8 and so on. total_pids = 2^number_of_forks.

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fork().svg
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width: 58px; height: 1px; padding-top: 102px; margin-left: 521px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: center;" data-drawio-colors="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: normal;">pid</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="550" y="106" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">pid</text></switch></g><rect x="460" y="357" width="190" height="30" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding-top: 372px; margin-left: 555px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: center;" data-drawio-colors="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: nowrap;"><div>calling fork twice results in 4 pids</div><div><br /></div></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="555" y="376" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">calling fork twice results in 4...</text></switch></g><path d="M 310 337 L 310 23.37" fill="none" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 310 18.12 L 313.5 25.12 L 310 23.37 L 306.5 25.12 Z" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><rect x="280" y="337" width="60" height="30" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; 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width: 58px; height: 1px; padding-top: 179px; margin-left: 141px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: center;" data-drawio-colors="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: normal;">pid</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="170" y="183" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">pid</text></switch></g><rect x="65" y="367" width="220" height="30" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding-top: 382px; margin-left: 175px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: center;" data-drawio-colors="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: nowrap;"><div>calling fork three times results in 8 pids</div><div><br /></div></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="175" y="386" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">calling fork three times results in...</text></switch></g><rect x="250" y="92" width="50" height="20" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding-top: 102px; margin-left: 275px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: center;" data-drawio-colors="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: nowrap;">fork();</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="275" y="106" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">fork();</text></switch></g><path d="M 252 97 L 230 67" fill="none" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 230 67 L 230 23.37" fill="none" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 230 18.12 L 233.5 25.12 L 230 23.37 L 226.5 25.12 Z" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><path d="M 40 67 L 310 67" fill="none" stroke="#6c8ebf" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 180 97 L 158 67" fill="none" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 139 98 L 117 68" fill="none" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 60 96 L 38 66" fill="none" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 158 68 L 158 24.37" fill="none" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 158 19.12 L 161.5 26.12 L 158 24.37 L 154.5 26.12 Z" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><path d="M 117 68 L 117 24.37" fill="none" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 117 19.12 L 120.5 26.12 L 117 24.37 L 113.5 26.12 Z" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><path d="M 38 67 L 38 23.37" fill="none" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 38 18.12 L 41.5 25.12 L 38 23.37 L 34.5 25.12 Z" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke="rgb(0, 0, 0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><rect x="0" y="62" width="60" height="30" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 58px; height: 1px; padding-top: 77px; margin-left: 1px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: center;" data-drawio-colors="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: normal;">pid</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="30" y="81" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">pid</text></switch></g><rect x="80" y="62" width="60" height="30" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 58px; height: 1px; padding-top: 77px; margin-left: 81px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: center;" data-drawio-colors="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: normal;">pid</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="110" y="81" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">pid</text></switch></g><rect x="130" y="62" width="60" height="30" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 58px; height: 1px; padding-top: 77px; margin-left: 131px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: center;" data-drawio-colors="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: normal;">pid</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="160" y="81" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">pid</text></switch></g><rect x="190" y="62" width="60" height="30" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 58px; height: 1px; padding-top: 77px; margin-left: 191px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: center;" data-drawio-colors="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: normal;">pid</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="220" y="81" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">pid</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://www.diagrams.net/doc/faq/svg-export-text-problems" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Text is not SVG - cannot display</text></a></switch></svg>
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