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Emergency A4 graph paper
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| trailer | |
| << | |
| /Size 6 | |
| /Root 1 0 R | |
| >> | |
| startxref | |
| 9643 | |
| %%EOF |
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| -- ghc generate_graph_paper.hs | |
| -- Install ghcup first! | |
| -- Tom Gidden <[email protected]> | |
| module Main where | |
| import Data.List (intercalate) | |
| import System.IO () | |
| import Text.Printf (printf) | |
| -- 'intercalate "\n" [...]' is like 'buf.join("\n")' in other languages | |
| joinLines :: [[Char]] -> [Char] | |
| joinLines = intercalate "\n" | |
| pdfHeader :: String | |
| pdfHeader = "%PDF-1.4" | |
| pdfFooter :: String | |
| pdfFooter = "%%EOF" | |
| -- Conversion factor (points per mm) | |
| pointsPerMM :: Double | |
| pointsPerMM = 72 / 25.4 | |
| -- A4 Page dimensions in millimetres | |
| pageWidth, pageHeight :: Double | |
| pageWidth = 210 | |
| pageHeight = 297 | |
| -- Minimum page margin in millimetres | |
| margin :: Double | |
| margin = 8 | |
| -- Number of millimetres per line (for small, medium and large divisions) | |
| -- so if smallGridMM = 1, this is a small division every millimetre; mediumGridMM = 10 | |
| -- is a medium division every 10 millimetres. | |
| smallGridMM, mediumGridMM, largeGridMM :: Double | |
| smallGridMM = 1 | |
| mediumGridMM = 10 | |
| largeGridMM = 20 | |
| -- Line widths for each grid (in millimetres) | |
| smallLineWidth, mediumLineWidth, largeLineWidth :: Double | |
| smallLineWidth = 0.05 | |
| mediumLineWidth = 0.2 | |
| largeLineWidth = 0.4 | |
| -- Calculate number of complete large squares possible | |
| numSquaresX, numSquaresY :: Int | |
| numSquaresX = floor ((pageWidth - 2 * margin) / largeGridMM) | |
| numSquaresY = floor ((pageHeight - 2 * margin) / largeGridMM) | |
| -- Resulting grid dimensions (in mm) | |
| gridWidth, gridHeight :: Double | |
| gridWidth = largeGridMM * fromIntegral numSquaresX | |
| gridHeight = largeGridMM * fromIntegral numSquaresY | |
| -- Calculate translation of bottom left to centre the grid on the page | |
| x0, y0 :: Double | |
| x0 = (pageWidth - gridWidth) / 2 | |
| y0 = (pageHeight - gridHeight) / 2 | |
| -- The transformation of scaling of points to mm, and then shifting the | |
| -- origin to the bottom-left of the grid to be drawn | |
| matrix :: String | |
| matrix = printf "%f 0 0 %f %f %f cm" pointsPerMM pointsPerMM (x0 * pointsPerMM) (y0 * pointsPerMM) | |
| -- The actual graphics on the page | |
| stream :: String | |
| stream = | |
| joinLines | |
| [ matrix, | |
| "/CS1 CS", -- CMYK mode | |
| "2 J", -- Line caps square | |
| "0 j", -- Mitre join | |
| "0.5 0 0 0 SC", -- Set stroke color to cyan in CMYK | |
| drawGrid -- Draw the grid | |
| ] | |
| -- Draw the grid for small, medium and large divisions | |
| drawGrid :: String | |
| drawGrid = | |
| joinLines | |
| [ drawLines 0 gridWidth 0 gridHeight smallGridMM smallLineWidth, | |
| drawLines 0 gridWidth 0 gridHeight mediumGridMM mediumLineWidth, | |
| drawLines 0 gridWidth 0 gridHeight largeGridMM largeLineWidth | |
| ] | |
| -- Draw a grid of lines: each grid is a series of horizontal lines as one stroke, | |
| -- and a series of vertical lines. | |
| drawLines :: Double -> Double -> Double -> Double -> Double -> Double -> String | |
| drawLines startX endX startY endY step lineWidth = | |
| joinLines | |
| [ printf "%f w" lineWidth, -- Set line width | |
| unlines [drawLine x startY x endY | x <- [startX, startX + step .. endX]], -- Vertical lines | |
| unlines [drawLine startX y endX y | y <- [startY, startY + step .. endY]], -- Horizontal lines | |
| "S" -- Stroke the path | |
| ] | |
| -- Draw a single line | |
| drawLine :: Double -> Double -> Double -> Double -> String | |
| drawLine = printf "%f %f m %f %f l" | |
| -- PDF objects that make up our "document" | |
| pdfObjects :: [String] | |
| pdfObjects = | |
| [ joinLines | |
| [ "1 0 obj", | |
| "<<", | |
| " /Type /Catalog", | |
| " /Pages 2 0 R", | |
| ">>", | |
| "endobj" | |
| ], | |
| joinLines | |
| [ "2 0 obj", | |
| "<<", | |
| " /Type /Pages", | |
| " /Kids [3 0 R]", | |
| " /Count 1", | |
| ">>", | |
| "endobj" | |
| ], | |
| joinLines | |
| [ "3 0 obj", | |
| "<<", | |
| " /Type /Page", | |
| " /Parent 2 0 R", | |
| " /Resources 4 0 R", | |
| printf " /MediaBox [0 0 %f %f]" (pageWidth * pointsPerMM) (pageHeight * pointsPerMM), | |
| " /Contents 5 0 R", | |
| ">>", | |
| "endobj" | |
| ], | |
| joinLines | |
| [ "4 0 obj", | |
| "<<", | |
| " /ProcSet [/PDF]", | |
| " /ColorSpace <</CS1 [/DeviceCMYK]>> ", | |
| ">>", | |
| "endobj" | |
| ], | |
| joinLines | |
| [ "5 0 obj", | |
| "<<", | |
| printf " /Length %d" (length stream), | |
| ">>", | |
| "stream", | |
| stream, | |
| "endstream", | |
| "endobj" | |
| ] | |
| ] | |
| -- For each string, work out the cumulative start position. | |
| -- `scanl fn initialValue objects` is like `objects.reduce(fn, initialValue)` | |
| findOffsets :: Int -> [String] -> [Int] | |
| findOffsets = scanl (\acc obj -> acc + length obj + 1) | |
| -- Build the xref table, which gives the byte-offsets in the file for each | |
| -- PDF object. | |
| xref :: String | |
| xref = | |
| joinLines | |
| [ "xref", | |
| printf "0 %d" (length pdfObjects + 1), | |
| "0000000000 65535 f", | |
| xrefTable | |
| ] | |
| where | |
| offsets = init $ findOffsets (length pdfHeader + 1) pdfObjects | |
| makeXrefEntry (i, offset) = printf "%010d 00000 n" offset | |
| xrefTable = joinLines xrefs | |
| xrefs = map makeXrefEntry (zip [1 ..] offsets) | |
| -- Everything up to the xref table | |
| startOfPdf :: String | |
| startOfPdf = | |
| joinLines | |
| [ pdfHeader, | |
| joinLines pdfObjects | |
| ] | |
| -- Trailer, which indicates the number of objects, the root of the document | |
| -- and the location of the xref table. | |
| trailer :: String | |
| trailer = | |
| joinLines | |
| [ "trailer", | |
| "<<", | |
| printf " /Size %d" (length pdfObjects + 1), | |
| " /Root 1 0 R", | |
| ">>", | |
| "startxref", | |
| show (1 + length startOfPdf) | |
| ] | |
| -- Build the entire PDF buffer. | |
| pdf :: String | |
| pdf = | |
| joinLines | |
| [ startOfPdf, | |
| xref, | |
| trailer, | |
| pdfFooter | |
| ] | |
| -- Output the PDF buffer to stdout. | |
| main :: IO () | |
| main = putStr pdf |
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| #!python | |
| # by Tom Gidden <[email protected]>, 2024 | |
| import math | |
| # We'll do everything in millimetres | |
| # Conversion factor (points per mm) | |
| pointsPerMM = 72 / 25.4 | |
| # A4 Page dimensions in millimetres | |
| pageWidth = 210 | |
| pageHeight = 297 | |
| # Minimum page margin in millimetres | |
| margin = 8 | |
| # Cyan in CMYK (0-1 scale) | |
| color_cmyk = [0.5, 0, 0, 0] | |
| # Number of millimetres per line (for small, medium and large divisions) | |
| line_widths = { | |
| 'S': 0.05, | |
| 'M': 0.2, | |
| 'L': 0.4 | |
| } | |
| # Line widths for each grid (in millimetres) | |
| line_spacing = { | |
| 'S': 1, | |
| 'M': 10, | |
| 'L': 20 | |
| } | |
| # Round to nearest large division and add margins. | |
| gridWidth = math.floor((pageWidth - 2 * margin) / line_spacing['L']) * line_spacing['L'] | |
| gridHeight = math.floor((pageHeight - 2 * margin) / line_spacing['L']) * line_spacing['L'] | |
| # Calculate translation of bottom left to centre the grid on the page | |
| x0 = (pageWidth - gridWidth) / 2 | |
| y0 = (pageHeight - gridHeight) / 2 | |
| # PDF content | |
| objects = [] | |
| # File header | |
| objects.append("%PDF-1.4") | |
| # Object 1: Catalog | |
| objects.append(""" | |
| 1 0 obj | |
| << | |
| /Type /Catalog | |
| /Pages 2 0 R | |
| >> | |
| endobj""") | |
| # Object 2: Pages | |
| objects.append(""" | |
| 2 0 obj | |
| << | |
| /Type /Pages | |
| /Kids [3 0 R] | |
| /Count 1 | |
| >> | |
| endobj""") | |
| # Object 3: Page | |
| objects.append(f""" | |
| 3 0 obj | |
| << | |
| /Type /Page | |
| /Parent 2 0 R | |
| /Resources 4 0 R | |
| /MediaBox [0 0 {pageWidth * pointsPerMM} {pageHeight * pointsPerMM}] | |
| /Contents 5 0 R | |
| >> | |
| endobj""") | |
| # Object 4: Resources; define CS1 to switch to CMYK | |
| objects.append(""" | |
| 4 0 obj | |
| << | |
| /ProcSet [/PDF] | |
| /ColorSpace <</CS1 [/DeviceCMYK]>> | |
| >> | |
| endobj""") | |
| # Object 5: Contents | |
| def vertical_lines(p0, p1, dp): | |
| p = p0 | |
| while p <= p1: | |
| yield f"{p} 0 m {p} {gridHeight} l" | |
| p += dp | |
| def horizontal_lines(p0, p1, dp): | |
| p = p0 | |
| while p <= p1: | |
| yield f"0 {p} m {gridWidth} {p} l" | |
| p += dp | |
| def lines(dp): | |
| return "\n".join(list(vertical_lines(0, gridWidth, dp)) + list(horizontal_lines(0, gridHeight, dp))) | |
| # The graphics command stream for the page content object | |
| stream = f""" | |
| /CS1 CS | |
| {pointsPerMM} 0 0 {pointsPerMM} 0 0 cm | |
| 1 0 0 1 {x0} {y0} cm | |
| 2 J | |
| 0 j | |
| {color_cmyk[0]} {color_cmyk[1]} {color_cmyk[2]} {color_cmyk[3]} SC | |
| {line_widths['S']} w | |
| {lines(line_spacing['S'])} | |
| S | |
| {line_widths['M']} w | |
| {lines(line_spacing['M'])} | |
| S | |
| {line_widths['L']} w | |
| {lines(line_spacing['L'])} | |
| S | |
| """ | |
| # Object 5: the actual page content! | |
| objects.append(f""" | |
| 5 0 obj | |
| <</Length {len(stream)} >> | |
| stream | |
| {stream} | |
| endstream | |
| endobj""") | |
| # Generate xref table | |
| xref = [] | |
| buf = "" | |
| for object in objects: | |
| # Add object to page buffer | |
| buf += object | |
| # Add object to xref table, with start position (len(buf) + 1) | |
| xref.append(f"{str(len(buf) + 1).zfill(10)} 00000 n") | |
| # We scrap the last entry because it's the xref itself. | |
| xref.pop() | |
| # Build the pdf | |
| pdf = f"""{buf} | |
| xref | |
| 0 {len(objects)} | |
| 0000000000 65535 f | |
| {chr(10).join(xref)} | |
| trailer | |
| << | |
| /Size {len(objects)} | |
| /Root 1 0 R | |
| >> | |
| startxref | |
| {len(buf) + 1} | |
| %%EOF""" | |
| # Output | |
| print(pdf) |
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| #!/usr/bin/env bun run -- | |
| // by Tom Gidden <[email protected]>, 2024 | |
| const pdfHeader = '%PDF-1.4'; | |
| const pdfFooter = '%%EOF'; | |
| // We'll do everything in millimetres. | |
| // Conversion factor (points per mm) | |
| const pointsPerMM = 72 / 25.4; | |
| // A4 Page dimensions in millimetres | |
| const pageWidth = 210; | |
| const pageHeight = 297; | |
| // Minimum page margin in millimetres | |
| const margin = 8; | |
| // Cyan in CMYK (0-1 scale) | |
| const color_cmyk = [0.5, 0, 0, 0] | |
| // Number of millimetres per line (for small, medium and large divisions) | |
| const smallGridMM = 1; | |
| const mediumGridMM = 10; | |
| const largeGridMM = 20; | |
| // Line widths for each grid (in millimetres) | |
| const smallLineWidth = 0.05; | |
| const mediumLineWidth = 0.2; | |
| const largeLineWidth = 0.4; | |
| // Decimal places for grid lines. Should not be necessary, but | |
| // rounding errors make for big files. | |
| const precision = 0; | |
| // Calculate number of complete large squares possible | |
| const numSquaresX = Math.floor((pageWidth - 2 * margin) / largeGridMM); | |
| const numSquaresY = Math.floor((pageHeight - 2 * margin) / largeGridMM); | |
| // Resulting grid dimensions (in mm) | |
| const gridWidth = largeGridMM * numSquaresX; | |
| const gridHeight = largeGridMM * numSquaresY; | |
| // Calculate translation of bottom left to centre the grid on the page | |
| const x0 = (pageWidth - gridWidth) / 2; | |
| const y0 = (pageHeight - gridHeight) / 2; | |
| // CS: change to CMYK mode | |
| // cm (1): set scaling factor to millimetres by changing current transformation matrix | |
| // cm (2): move origin to x0,y0 by changing current transformation matrix | |
| // J: set to square end caps | |
| // j: set to mitre joins | |
| // SC: set stroke colour | |
| // w: set line width | |
| // S: stroke path | |
| // m: move-to | |
| // l: line-to | |
| const drawLine = (x1: number, y1: number, x2: number, y2: number): string => | |
| `${x1.toFixed(precision)} ${y1.toFixed(precision)} m ${x2.toFixed(precision)} ${y2.toFixed(precision)} l`; | |
| // Draw a grid of lines | |
| function* verticalLines(p0, p1, dp) { | |
| for (let p = p0; p <= p1; p += dp) { | |
| yield drawLine(p, 0, p, gridHeight); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| function* horizontalLines(p0, p1, dp) { | |
| for (let p = p0; p <= p1; p += dp) { | |
| yield drawLine(0, p, gridWidth, p); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| function drawLines(x0: number, x1: number, y0: number, y1: number, step: number, lineWidth: number): string { | |
| return [ | |
| `${lineWidth} w`, | |
| ...verticalLines(x0, x1, step), | |
| `S`, | |
| ...horizontalLines(y0, y1, step), | |
| `S` | |
| ].join("\n"); | |
| } | |
| // Draw the grid for small, medium and large divisions | |
| function drawGrid(): string { | |
| return [ | |
| drawLines(0, gridWidth, 0, gridHeight, smallGridMM, smallLineWidth), | |
| drawLines(0, gridWidth, 0, gridHeight, mediumGridMM, mediumLineWidth), | |
| drawLines(0, gridWidth, 0, gridHeight, largeGridMM, largeLineWidth) | |
| ].join('\n'); | |
| } | |
| // The actual graphics on the page | |
| const stream: string = `/CS1 CS | |
| ${pointsPerMM} 0 0 ${pointsPerMM} 0 0 cm | |
| 1 0 0 1 ${x0} ${y0} cm | |
| 2 J | |
| 0 j | |
| ${color_cmyk.join(" ")} SC | |
| ${drawGrid()}`; | |
| const pdfObjects: string[] = [ | |
| `1 0 obj | |
| << | |
| /Type /Catalog | |
| /Pages 2 0 R | |
| >> | |
| endobj`, | |
| `2 0 obj | |
| << | |
| /Type /Pages | |
| /Kids [3 0 R] | |
| /Count 1 | |
| >> | |
| endobj`, | |
| `3 0 obj | |
| << | |
| /Type /Page | |
| /Parent 2 0 R | |
| /Resources 4 0 R | |
| /MediaBox [0 0 ${pageWidth * pointsPerMM} ${pageHeight * pointsPerMM}] | |
| /Contents 5 0 R | |
| >> | |
| endobj`, | |
| `4 0 obj | |
| << | |
| /ProcSet [/PDF] | |
| /ColorSpace <</CS1 [/DeviceCMYK]>> | |
| >> | |
| endobj`, | |
| `5 0 obj | |
| << | |
| /Length ${stream.length} | |
| >> | |
| stream | |
| ${stream} | |
| endstream | |
| endobj` | |
| ]; | |
| // Generate the 'xref' table, cross-referencing byte-offsets in the | |
| // file to PDF objects. | |
| function generateXref(pdfObjects: string[]): string { | |
| let xref = [ | |
| `xref | |
| 0 ${pdfObjects.length + 1} | |
| 0000000000 65535 f` | |
| ]; | |
| let offset = pdfHeader.length + 1; | |
| for (let i = 0; i < pdfObjects.length; i++) { | |
| xref.push(`${offset.toString().padStart(10, '0')} 00000 n`); | |
| offset += pdfObjects[i].length + 1; | |
| } | |
| return xref.join("\n"); | |
| } | |
| function generatePDF(): string { | |
| const startOfPdf = `${pdfHeader} | |
| ${pdfObjects.join("\n")}`; | |
| const xref = generateXref(pdfObjects); | |
| return `${startOfPdf} | |
| ${xref} | |
| trailer | |
| << | |
| /Size ${pdfObjects.length + 1} | |
| /Root 1 0 R | |
| >> | |
| startxref | |
| ${startOfPdf.length + 1} | |
| ${pdfFooter}`; | |
| } | |
| // Generate and save the PDF | |
| const pdf = generatePDF(); | |
| console.log(pdf); |
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