5HT · September 8, 2026 21:51
diff --git a/gistfile1.txt b/gistfile1.txt
 CLI tools and GUI applications are simply Real Bodies that contain one or more special records:

 Record | Type         | Name                      | Purpose 
 9      | RT_PROG      | Executable Program Record | Contains the actual machine code (native binary for the CPU). Subtype indicates CPU architecture.
 7 / 8  | Function / Execution Fusen | Menu entries, launch parameters, icons, etc.
 1      | TAD main     | Documentation, help text, or resources in TAD format
 0      | Link records | Virtual Bodies pointing to other objects

 #define RT_PROG      9   /* 実行プログラムレコード – Executable Program Record */
 #define OBJ_EXEC     0x8000  /* 実行可能ファイル – executable Real Body flag */

 Registration mechanism
 ----------------------

 * Applications are registered with apreg.
 * The system keeps a special Real Body called $$PROGRAM.BOX on each volume.
 * This box holds links (Virtual Bodies) to all registered executable Real Bodies.
 * When you double-click a Virtual Body or type a command name in the CLI,
  the system looks up the corresponding Real Body that has a type-9 (program)
  record and runs the code inside it.

 ELF-rumtime loader vs TAD-Runtime

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Aspect          | ELF / PE (Unix/Windows)    | BTRON / Cho-Kanji / B-System
 Container       | Standalone binary file     | Real Body (multi-record object)
 Code storage    | .text / .code section      | Record type 9 (RT_PROG)
 Metadata / resources | Sections, resources   | Other records (TAD, fusen, etc.)
 Linking / icons | External or embedded       | Virtual Bodies + fusen records
 Launch          | Loader reads ELF header    | System finds type-9 record via registration
 Format of code  | Machine code + ELF headers | Raw native machine code (no ELF)

 The closest modern analogy is “a multi-stream (BeFS, NTFS) object whose one stream is raw machine code,”
 managed entirely by the Real Body / Virtual Body system rather than by a traditional executable format.

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 att   – Attach device (mount)
  att [-r][-k][-S][-s] <device> <attach-name>

 det   – Detach device (unmount)
  det [-e][-k][-s] <device>

 eject – Eject media
  eject [device]

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 cd    – Change / show working Real Body
  cd [<path>]
  (no argument shows current)

 ls    – List files (Real Bodies)
  ls [-f][-F][-l|-t] [<path>...]

  -l columns : ATYPE ATR NREC NREF SIZE MTIME NAME
  -t columns : CTIME ATIME MTIME NAME
  -F         : mark files on other/unmounted volumes with *
  -f         : (additional flag)

 fs    – Show record structure of a file
  fs [-l] [<path>...]

  Normal form:
    NO: TYPE STYPE : SIZE          (data record)
    NO: 0    STYPE : NAME          (link record)

  -l form (link records):
    NO: 0 STYPE : FID [ATR1 ATR2 ATR3 ATR4 ATR5] : NAME

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 mkf   – Create new file (Real Body)
  mkf [-t#] <path>...

 cp    – Copy file(s)
  cp [-b][-r][-v] <src>... <dest>

 rcp   – Copy and rename
  rcp [-b][-r] <src> <dest>
  (dest name "=" means parent of destination)

 ln    – Create link (Virtual Body)
  ln [-p#][-a#.#.#.#.#] <src>... <dest>
  Example: -a0x8000.1.2.3.4

 rm    – Delete file / link
  rm [-i][-r|-u][-v][-f|-F] <path>...
  (without -r, error if children exist)
  (if other links remain, only the link is removed)

 empf  – Empty file contents (delete all records)
  empf <path>...

 ren   – Rename
  ren <path> <new-name>

 apd   – Append / insert / delete records
  apd [-p#|-d#.#][-r#.#][-t#.#] <path1> [<path2>]

  -d#.#   delete starting record #, count #
  -p#     insert position
  -r#.#   copy range from path2
  -t#.#   force type / subtype after copy

  Record type reference:
    0  Link
    1  TAD main
    2  TAD note
    3  TAD auxiliary
    5  Setting fusen
    6  Designation fusen
    7  Function fusen
    8  Binary
    9  Program
   10  Databox
   11  Font
   12  Dictionary
   15  System data
  16-31 Application specific

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 chdef – Show / set default access mode
  chdef [-o#] [-g#] [-p#] [-n#]
  (bit fields for R/W/E access levels 0-F)

 chmod – Change file access mode / attributes
  chmod [-o#] [-g#] [-p#] [-n#] [-a#] <path>...
  -a1  set write-protect
  -a2  clear write-protect
  -a3  set delete-protect
  -a4  clear delete-protect

 chtime – Set file timestamps
  chtime [-l#.#.#.#.#.#] [-a#.#.#.#.#.#] [-m#.#.#.#.#.#] <path>...

 touch – Update timestamps (or create)
  touch <path>...

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 tp    – Display file contents
  tp [-p#][-r#][-e][-a|-x|-b] <path>
  -a  ASCII
  -x  hexadecimal
  -b  binary
  -p# start position
  -r# number of records
  -e  (extra)

 df    – Disk free / volume status
  df

 date  – Show / set system date-time
  date [<year> <month> <day> <hour> <min> <sec>]

 sync  – Flush all filesystem caches
  sync

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 apreg – Register application
  apreg [-t] <app-path>

 apdel – Unregister application
  apdel [-f] <app-path>

 ================================================================
 B-System 3.20 Console
 Sakamura BTRON3 compatible CLI
 ================================================================

 Type '?' for command summary.

 [/SYS]% ?
 att det eject
 cd ls fs
 mkf cp rcp ln rm empf ren apd
 chdef chmod chtime touch
 tp df date sync
 apreg apdel
 exit

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 Volume & device

 [/SYS]% df
 PATH    DEV   TOTAL  FREE  USED  UNIT  MAXFILE  NAME
 /SYS    hdc   2048M  1736M  15%  1024   65535   hdc
 /fda    fda   1.4M   1.2M   14%   512     112   fda

 [/SYS]% att fda /fda
 Device fda attached as /fda

 [/SYS]% det fda
 Device fda detached

 [/SYS]% sync
 (all caches flushed)

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 Navigation & listing

 [/SYS]% ls
 BTRON Spec Book 1
 Cho-Kanji Guide
 Kernel Internals
 Graphics & Display
 Applications & HMI
 TRASH

 [/SYS]% ls -l
 ATYPE ATR NREC NREF SIZE  MTIME            NAME
 0001  --- 5    0    18420 2026-09-08 14:22 BTRON Spec Book 1
 0001  --- 4    0    15680 2026-09-08 14:25 Cho-Kanji Guide
 0001  --- 6    0    22100 2026-09-08 13:50 Kernel Internals
 0001  --- 4    0    14320 2026-09-08 15:10 Graphics & Display
 0001  --- 3    0    12840 2026-09-08 15:30 Applications & HMI
 0000  --- 1    0      512 2026-09-08 12:00 TRASH

 [/SYS]% ls -t
 CTIME              ATIME              MTIME              NAME
 2026-09-08 14:20   2026-09-08 14:22   2026-09-08 14:22   BTRON Spec Book 1
 2026-09-08 14:24   2026-09-08 14:25   2026-09-08 14:25   Cho-Kanji Guide
 ...

 [/SYS]% cd "BTRON Spec Book 1"
 [Book1]% ls -l
 ATYPE ATR NREC NREF SIZE  MTIME            NAME
 0001  --- 5    0    18420 2026-09-08 14:22 (self)
 0001  --- 2    1     8320 2026-09-08 14:18 Chapter 1
 0001  --- 2    1     6540 2026-09-08 14:19 Chapter 2
 0001  --- 3    1     9210 2026-09-08 14:20 Chapter 3
 0005  --- 1    2     2100 2026-09-08 14:21 Figure 12
 0006  --- 1    1     1892 2026-09-08 15:01 RootCA.der

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 Record introspection (fs)

 [Book1]% fs
 NO: TYPE STYPE : SIZE / NAME
 0:  0    0000  : Chapter 1
 1:  0    0000  : Chapter 2
 2:  0    0000  : Chapter 3
 3:  0    0000  : Figure 12
 4:  0    0000  : RootCA.der
 5:  1    0000  : 18420          (TAD main)

 [Book1]% fs -l
 NO: 0 STYPE : FID [ATR1 ATR2 ATR3 ATR4 ATR5] : NAME
 0:  0 0000  : 43  [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : Chapter 1
 1:  0 0000  : 44  [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : Chapter 2
 2:  0 0000  : 45  [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : Chapter 3
 3:  0 0000  : 50  [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : Figure 12
 4:  0 0000  : 60  [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : RootCA.der
 5:  1 0000  :     (data record)

 [Book1]% fs "Chapter 1"
 NO: TYPE STYPE : SIZE / NAME
 0:  0    0000  : Figure 12
 1:  1    0000  : 8288           (TAD main)

 [Book1]% fs -l "Chapter 1"
 NO: 0 STYPE : FID [ATR1 .. ATR5] : NAME
 0:  0 0000  : 50  [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : Figure 12
 1:  1 0000  :     (TAD data)

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 Content display (tp)

 [Book1]% tp "Chapter 1"
 Chapter 1 – Introduction

 This is the converted content from the original HTML.
 It contains text and embedded objects.

 [Book1]% tp -x "Chapter 1"
 0000: FF E0 00 18 00 00 ...   (TS_INFO)
 0018: FF E1 00 30 ...         (TS_TEXT)
 ...

 [Book1]% tp -a "Chapter 1"
 (ASCII dump of TAD record)

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 File & link operations

 [Book1]% mkf -t1 "New Chapter"
 [Book1]% ls -l "New Chapter"
 ATYPE ATR NREC NREF SIZE MTIME NAME
 0001  --- 1    0      0  ...   New Chapter

 [Book1]% ln "Chapter 1" "Alias of Chapter 1"
 [Book1]% rcp "Chapter 2" "Chapter 2 Copy"
 [Book1]% ren "Chapter 2 Copy" "Section 2"
 [Book1]% cp "Figure 12" /SYS/TRASH/
 [Book1]% rm "Alias of Chapter 1"
 [Book1]% empf "New Chapter"
 [Book1]% rm -r "New Chapter"

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 Record surgery (apd)

 [Book1]% apd -t1 "Chapter 1" "Section 2"
 (appended TAD record from Section 2 into Chapter 1)

 [Book1]% apd -d1.1 "Chapter 1"
 (deleted record 1)

 [Book1]% fs "Chapter 1"
 NO: TYPE STYPE : SIZE / NAME
 0:  0    0000  : Figure 12
 1:  1    0000  : 9210

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 Attributes & time

 [Book1]% chmod -a1 "Chapter 1"
 (write-protect set)

 [Book1]% chatr +R "Chapter 1"
 [Book1]% touch "Chapter 1"
 [Book1]% chtime -m2026.9.8.15.0.0 "Chapter 1"

 [Book1]% chdef
 (current default access mode shown)

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 System

 [/SYS]% date
 2026-09-08 21:05:00

 [/SYS]% date 2026 9 8 21 10 0
 (time set)

 [/SYS]% sync
 [/SYS]% exit
 Console closed.
	CLI tools and GUI applications are simply Real Bodies that contain one or more special records:

	Record \| Type \| Name \| Purpose
	9 \| RT_PROG \| Executable Program Record \| Contains the actual machine code (native binary for the CPU). Subtype indicates CPU architecture.
	7 / 8 \| Function / Execution Fusen \| Menu entries, launch parameters, icons, etc.
	1 \| TAD main \| Documentation, help text, or resources in TAD format
	0 \| Link records \| Virtual Bodies pointing to other objects

	#define RT_PROG 9 /* 実行プログラムレコード – Executable Program Record */
	#define OBJ_EXEC 0x8000 /* 実行可能ファイル – executable Real Body flag */

	Registration mechanism
	----------------------

	* Applications are registered with apreg.
	* The system keeps a special Real Body called $$PROGRAM.BOX on each volume.
	* This box holds links (Virtual Bodies) to all registered executable Real Bodies.
	* When you double-click a Virtual Body or type a command name in the CLI,
	the system looks up the corresponding Real Body that has a type-9 (program)
	record and runs the code inside it.

	ELF-rumtime loader vs TAD-Runtime

	------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Aspect \| ELF / PE (Unix/Windows) \| BTRON / Cho-Kanji / B-System
	Container \| Standalone binary file \| Real Body (multi-record object)
	Code storage \| .text / .code section \| Record type 9 (RT_PROG)
	Metadata / resources \| Sections, resources \| Other records (TAD, fusen, etc.)
	Linking / icons \| External or embedded \| Virtual Bodies + fusen records
	Launch \| Loader reads ELF header \| System finds type-9 record via registration
	Format of code \| Machine code + ELF headers \| Raw native machine code (no ELF)

	The closest modern analogy is “a multi-stream (BeFS, NTFS) object whose one stream is raw machine code,”
	managed entirely by the Real Body / Virtual Body system rather than by a traditional executable format.

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	att – Attach device (mount)
	att [-r][-k][-S][-s] <device> <attach-name>

	det – Detach device (unmount)
	det [-e][-k][-s] <device>

	eject – Eject media
	eject [device]

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	cd – Change / show working Real Body
	cd [<path>]
	(no argument shows current)

	ls – List files (Real Bodies)
	ls [-f][-F][-l\|-t] [<path>...]

	-l columns : ATYPE ATR NREC NREF SIZE MTIME NAME
	-t columns : CTIME ATIME MTIME NAME
	-F : mark files on other/unmounted volumes with *
	-f : (additional flag)

	fs – Show record structure of a file
	fs [-l] [<path>...]

	Normal form:
	NO: TYPE STYPE : SIZE (data record)
	NO: 0 STYPE : NAME (link record)

	-l form (link records):
	NO: 0 STYPE : FID [ATR1 ATR2 ATR3 ATR4 ATR5] : NAME

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	mkf – Create new file (Real Body)
	mkf [-t#] <path>...

	cp – Copy file(s)
	cp [-b][-r][-v] <src>... <dest>

	rcp – Copy and rename
	rcp [-b][-r] <src> <dest>
	(dest name "=" means parent of destination)

	ln – Create link (Virtual Body)
	ln [-p#][-a#.#.#.#.#] <src>... <dest>
	Example: -a0x8000.1.2.3.4

	rm – Delete file / link
	rm [-i][-r\|-u][-v][-f\|-F] <path>...
	(without -r, error if children exist)
	(if other links remain, only the link is removed)

	empf – Empty file contents (delete all records)
	empf <path>...

	ren – Rename
	ren <path> <new-name>

	apd – Append / insert / delete records
	apd [-p#\|-d#.#][-r#.#][-t#.#] <path1> [<path2>]

	-d#.# delete starting record #, count #
	-p# insert position
	-r#.# copy range from path2
	-t#.# force type / subtype after copy

	Record type reference:
	0 Link
	1 TAD main
	2 TAD note
	3 TAD auxiliary
	5 Setting fusen
	6 Designation fusen
	7 Function fusen
	8 Binary
	9 Program
	10 Databox
	11 Font
	12 Dictionary
	15 System data
	16-31 Application specific

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	chdef – Show / set default access mode
	chdef [-o#] [-g#] [-p#] [-n#]
	(bit fields for R/W/E access levels 0-F)

	chmod – Change file access mode / attributes
	chmod [-o#] [-g#] [-p#] [-n#] [-a#] <path>...
	-a1 set write-protect
	-a2 clear write-protect
	-a3 set delete-protect
	-a4 clear delete-protect

	chtime – Set file timestamps
	chtime [-l#.#.#.#.#.#] [-a#.#.#.#.#.#] [-m#.#.#.#.#.#] <path>...

	touch – Update timestamps (or create)
	touch <path>...

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	tp – Display file contents
	tp [-p#][-r#][-e][-a\|-x\|-b] <path>
	-a ASCII
	-x hexadecimal
	-b binary
	-p# start position
	-r# number of records
	-e (extra)

	df – Disk free / volume status
	df

	date – Show / set system date-time
	date [<year> <month> <day> <hour> <min> <sec>]

	sync – Flush all filesystem caches
	sync

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	apreg – Register application
	apreg [-t] <app-path>

	apdel – Unregister application
	apdel [-f] <app-path>

	================================================================
	B-System 3.20 Console
	Sakamura BTRON3 compatible CLI
	================================================================

	Type '?' for command summary.

	[/SYS]% ?
	att det eject
	cd ls fs
	mkf cp rcp ln rm empf ren apd
	chdef chmod chtime touch
	tp df date sync
	apreg apdel
	exit

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	Volume & device

	[/SYS]% df
	PATH DEV TOTAL FREE USED UNIT MAXFILE NAME
	/SYS hdc 2048M 1736M 15% 1024 65535 hdc
	/fda fda 1.4M 1.2M 14% 512 112 fda

	[/SYS]% att fda /fda
	Device fda attached as /fda

	[/SYS]% det fda
	Device fda detached

	[/SYS]% sync
	(all caches flushed)

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	Navigation & listing

	[/SYS]% ls
	BTRON Spec Book 1
	Cho-Kanji Guide
	Kernel Internals
	Graphics & Display
	Applications & HMI
	TRASH

	[/SYS]% ls -l
	ATYPE ATR NREC NREF SIZE MTIME NAME
	0001 --- 5 0 18420 2026-09-08 14:22 BTRON Spec Book 1
	0001 --- 4 0 15680 2026-09-08 14:25 Cho-Kanji Guide
	0001 --- 6 0 22100 2026-09-08 13:50 Kernel Internals
	0001 --- 4 0 14320 2026-09-08 15:10 Graphics & Display
	0001 --- 3 0 12840 2026-09-08 15:30 Applications & HMI
	0000 --- 1 0 512 2026-09-08 12:00 TRASH

	[/SYS]% ls -t
	CTIME ATIME MTIME NAME
	2026-09-08 14:20 2026-09-08 14:22 2026-09-08 14:22 BTRON Spec Book 1
	2026-09-08 14:24 2026-09-08 14:25 2026-09-08 14:25 Cho-Kanji Guide
	...

	[/SYS]% cd "BTRON Spec Book 1"
	[Book1]% ls -l
	ATYPE ATR NREC NREF SIZE MTIME NAME
	0001 --- 5 0 18420 2026-09-08 14:22 (self)
	0001 --- 2 1 8320 2026-09-08 14:18 Chapter 1
	0001 --- 2 1 6540 2026-09-08 14:19 Chapter 2
	0001 --- 3 1 9210 2026-09-08 14:20 Chapter 3
	0005 --- 1 2 2100 2026-09-08 14:21 Figure 12
	0006 --- 1 1 1892 2026-09-08 15:01 RootCA.der

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	Record introspection (fs)

	[Book1]% fs
	NO: TYPE STYPE : SIZE / NAME
	0: 0 0000 : Chapter 1
	1: 0 0000 : Chapter 2
	2: 0 0000 : Chapter 3
	3: 0 0000 : Figure 12
	4: 0 0000 : RootCA.der
	5: 1 0000 : 18420 (TAD main)

	[Book1]% fs -l
	NO: 0 STYPE : FID [ATR1 ATR2 ATR3 ATR4 ATR5] : NAME
	0: 0 0000 : 43 [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : Chapter 1
	1: 0 0000 : 44 [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : Chapter 2
	2: 0 0000 : 45 [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : Chapter 3
	3: 0 0000 : 50 [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : Figure 12
	4: 0 0000 : 60 [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : RootCA.der
	5: 1 0000 : (data record)

	[Book1]% fs "Chapter 1"
	NO: TYPE STYPE : SIZE / NAME
	0: 0 0000 : Figure 12
	1: 1 0000 : 8288 (TAD main)

	[Book1]% fs -l "Chapter 1"
	NO: 0 STYPE : FID [ATR1 .. ATR5] : NAME
	0: 0 0000 : 50 [0000 0000 0000 0000 0000] : Figure 12
	1: 1 0000 : (TAD data)

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	Content display (tp)

	[Book1]% tp "Chapter 1"
	Chapter 1 – Introduction

	This is the converted content from the original HTML.
	It contains text and embedded objects.

	[Book1]% tp -x "Chapter 1"
	0000: FF E0 00 18 00 00 ... (TS_INFO)
	0018: FF E1 00 30 ... (TS_TEXT)
	...

	[Book1]% tp -a "Chapter 1"
	(ASCII dump of TAD record)

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	File & link operations

	[Book1]% mkf -t1 "New Chapter"
	[Book1]% ls -l "New Chapter"
	ATYPE ATR NREC NREF SIZE MTIME NAME
	0001 --- 1 0 0 ... New Chapter

	[Book1]% ln "Chapter 1" "Alias of Chapter 1"
	[Book1]% rcp "Chapter 2" "Chapter 2 Copy"
	[Book1]% ren "Chapter 2 Copy" "Section 2"
	[Book1]% cp "Figure 12" /SYS/TRASH/
	[Book1]% rm "Alias of Chapter 1"
	[Book1]% empf "New Chapter"
	[Book1]% rm -r "New Chapter"

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	Record surgery (apd)

	[Book1]% apd -t1 "Chapter 1" "Section 2"
	(appended TAD record from Section 2 into Chapter 1)

	[Book1]% apd -d1.1 "Chapter 1"
	(deleted record 1)

	[Book1]% fs "Chapter 1"
	NO: TYPE STYPE : SIZE / NAME
	0: 0 0000 : Figure 12
	1: 1 0000 : 9210

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	Attributes & time

	[Book1]% chmod -a1 "Chapter 1"
	(write-protect set)

	[Book1]% chatr +R "Chapter 1"
	[Book1]% touch "Chapter 1"
	[Book1]% chtime -m2026.9.8.15.0.0 "Chapter 1"

	[Book1]% chdef
	(current default access mode shown)

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	System

	[/SYS]% date
	2026-09-08 21:05:00

	[/SYS]% date 2026 9 8 21 10 0
	(time set)

	[/SYS]% sync
	[/SYS]% exit
	Console closed.
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