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r15ch13 / iommu.sh
Last active November 23, 2025 17:10
List IOMMU Groups and the connected USB Devices
#!/usr/bin/env bash
shopt -s nullglob
lastgroup=""
for g in `find /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/* -maxdepth 0 -type d | sort -V`; do
for d in $g/devices/*; do
if [ "${g##*/}" != "$lastgroup" ]; then
echo -en "Group ${g##*/}:\t"
else
echo -en "\t\t"

PKI for busy people

Public-key infrastructure (PKI) is an umbrella term for everything that has to do with keys and certificates.

This is a quick overview of the important stuff.

Public-key cryptography

Public-key cryptography involves a key pair: a public key and a private key. Each entity has their own. The public key can be shared around, the private key is secret.