Related: Chromium issue 540532973 and Remotion PR 11500.
A layoutSubtree canvas captures an immediate child whose descendants include another canvas. The outer paint handler calls captureElementImage(wrapper), resets its 2D context, and calls drawElementImage(image, 0, 0).
On Chrome 153 and Canary 156 at devicePixelRatio 2, the nested canvas pixels occupy only the top-left quarter of the outer canvas. In the four-quadrant repro, the yellow bottom-right quadrant lands at the top-left and the other three sample points are transparent. Ordinary DOM content is unaffected. Chrome 150 at DPR 2 and Chrome 153 at DPR 1 show all four quadrants correctly. The same workaround works when the inner canvas also has layoutSubtree = true.