SQL.md

Discussion about SQL:

1. What is SQL, and what are some of its primary functions?
2. SQL is a declarative query language, what does that mean?
3. SQL is the industry standart for relational databases, what does a realtional database mean?
4. What is a database management system? and which ones are the most popular?
5. What are some of the most common SQL commands, and how are they used to manipulate data?

Nour Eddin Hamouda, @muhammedhasann, @Younesnz

1- It stands for Structured Query Language for servers. It is used for managing data held in relational database management systems. The main functionality is CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete).

2- SQL is a declarative query language that focuses on describing the desired outcome or result, rather than specifying the steps to achieve that outcome.

3- A relational database is a database that stores data in tables. Tables are made up of rows and columns, where each row represents a record and each column represents a field. Relational databases are based on the relational model, which organizes data so it can be easily queried and manipulated. Relational databases are transactional and guarantee the entire system's state is consistent at any moment. Most relational databases offer easy-to-export and import options, making backup and restore trivial. These exports can happen even while the database is running, making restoring on failure easy.

4- A database management system (DBMS) is a software application that facilitates the creation, maintenance, and use of databases. A DBMS provides users with a way to create and manage databases without having to know the underlying details of how the database is stored and organized.
some of the popular DBMSs are:

• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• MongoDB

5-

• SELECT: The SELECT command is used to retrieve data from a database. The SELECT statement can be used to select specific columns, rows, or tables from a database.
• UPDATE: The UPDATE command is used to update data in a database. The UPDATE statement can be used to update the values of specific columns in a table.
• DELETE: The DELETE command is used to delete data from a database. The DELETE statement can be used to delete specific rows or tables from a database.
• INSERT INTO: The INSERT INTO command is used to insert new data into a database. The INSERT INTO statement can be used to insert new rows into a table.
• CREATE TABLE: The CREATE TABLE command is used to create a new table in a database. The CREATE TABLE statement defines the structure of the table, including the columns and their data types.

Fatima Ali, Iroda Yılmaz, Bara'a Almasri
1- Structured query language (SQL) is a standard language for database creation and manipulation. Sum, Avg, Count, First, last
2-They function in a more general manner and involve giving broad instructions about what task is to be completed, rather than the specifics on how to complete it.
3-A relational database is a collection of data items with pre-defined relationships between them. These items are organized as a set of tables with columns and rows. Tables are used to hold information about the objects to be represented in the database.
4-Database Management Systems (DBMS) are software systems used to store, retrieve, and run queries on data. A DBMS serves as an interface between an end-user and a database, allowing users to create, read, update, and delete data in the database.
5. SELECT - extracts data from a database
UPDATE - updates data in a database
DELETE - deletes data from a database
INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
DROP TABLE - deletes a table
CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
DROP INDEX - deletes an index