Terminal and Shell related.

1.md

Terminal and Shell

COVER PAGE

bash-intrinsic.md

Bash 内置对象

bash中可以当作命令来执行的对象有五种：

• alias 别名
• keyword 关键字
• function 函数
• builtin 内建命令
• file 外部可执行程序

Alias

别名最常见用法就是alias ll='ls -l'。其中等号前后无空格。bash默认初始化的别名直接执行alias查看：

alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias l='ls -CF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'

解除别名用unalias。绕过别名用\ll这种转义符。

Keyword

关键字用于脚本内部。

compgen -k
if
then
else
elif
fi
case
esac
for
select
while
until
do
done
in
function
time
{
}
!
[[
]]
coproc

Function

函数类似于定义好的变量一样随时调用。

declare -F
declare -f __python_argcomplete_run
declare -f __python_argcomplete_run_inner
declare -f _python_argcomplete
declare -f ament_append_unique_value
declare -f ament_prepend_unique_value
declare -f command_not_found_handle

有一些工具会定义函数方便在不引入文件情况下执行动作，比如x-cmd（工具集），nvm（node版本管理器），roscd（ROS系统bash集成），rosed这种。

Builtin

内置命令。

compgen -b
.       执行脚本等价source
:       空命令
[       同test，一般在/usr/bin/ /bin/ 也有同样的命令。
alias   别名
bg      已经暂停的jobs放入后台继续运行
bind    Readline案件绑定
break   跳出循环
builtin 内建
caller  调用栈
cd      切换目录
command 忽略同名Shell function
compgen 命令补全
complete创建自动补全规则
compopt 补全选项
continue下一轮循环
declare 声明变量
dirs    目录栈，配合pushd popd
disown  bash不再拥有某进程
echo    输出，系统也会自带echo二进制
enable  开关Bash builtins
eval    解析文本当作命令执行
exec    替换当前shell到目标程序
exit    退出
export  导出变量，不同于=赋值的内部变量，导出变量可传递给子进程
false   返回1，系统也会自带false二进制
fc      命令历史编辑
fg      后台或者暂停作业放到前台
getopts 解析命令行参数，在脚本或者函数内部使用
hash    外部命令缓存
help    帮助
history 命令历史
jobs    所有后台和暂停作业
kill    发送 signal 详见 https://gist.github.com/KuRRe8/1d983d0d13e72309fc7b8cdb7d242974#file-signal-md。系统会自带kill二进制，而kill成为内建命令的好处是：文件描述符耗尽时候可以避免新建kill进程来发送信号。
let     数学计算
local   函数内变量
logout  退出shell
mapfile 多行存入数组
popd    目录栈弹出
printf  格式化输出文本，系统自带printf二进制
pushd   目录栈压栈
pwd     当前目录，系统自带pwd二进制
read    读入数据赋值给变量
readarray类似mapfile
readonly函数和变量只读属性
return  函数返回
set     输入set可以看到定义的变量，环境，函数等内容。
shift   挪动参数
shopt   修改bash选项
source  执行脚本
suspend 脚本中暂停shell
test    测试条件语句，系统自带true二进制
times   cpu时间
trap    信号处理
true    返回0 系统自带true二进制
type    查看某命令是 alias keyword function builtin 还是 file
typeset 同declare
ulimit  查看shell的资源限制
umask   权限掩码
unalias 取消别名
unset   取消变量和函数
wait    等待某作业

File

外部可执行文件，这是大部分日常命令的执行方式。系统级的命令搜索路径一般有/usr/bin 以及/usr/sbin (/bin /sbin是指向它们的符号)，用户级的一般有 ~/.local/bin

bash-key-bindings.md

bash快捷键

当下最流行的系统默认shell有bash zsh pwsh，日常交互中会发现有些快捷指令可以免去很多繁琐操作，提高效率。以下以bash举例。

进程控制

快捷键	功能描述	常见应用场景
Ctrl + C	强制终止当前正在前台运行的进程。	停止一个卡住的程序、死循环脚本，或取消当前输错的整行命令。
Ctrl + Z	将当前前台进程挂起（暂停），并放入后台。	临时暂停当前任务（如编辑器），之后可通过 fg 恢复或 bg 让其在后台运行。
Ctrl + D	发送 EOF（End of File）结束符。	如果命令行有输入则不反应；如果在空行处输入，则直接退出当前 Shell（相当于 exit）。
Ctrl + L	清理终端屏幕。	相当于执行 clear 命令，但速度更快，且会保留当前尚未输完的命令。
Ctrl + S	暂停终端屏幕输出（XOFF 锁屏）。	当日志滚动过快需要暂停观察时使用，但会让人误以为终端死机。
Ctrl + Q	恢复终端屏幕输出（XON 解锁）。	解除 Ctrl + S 的锁定状态，是误触锁屏后的救星。

文本编辑

快捷键	功能描述	肌肉记忆小贴士
Ctrl + U	剪切（删除）光标当前位置到行首的所有内容。	敲完长命令发现前边全错了，直接用它瞬间清空重来。
Ctrl + K	剪切（删除）光标当前位置到行尾的所有内容。	修改中间参数后，想抛弃命令后半部分时非常高效。
Ctrl + W	剪切（删除）光标前的一个单词（以空格为分界）。	参数或路径敲错了最后一个，用来快速删掉最后一个词。
Ctrl + Y	粘贴最近一次由 Ctrl + U/K/W 剪切的内容。	类似于命令行的临时剪贴板，可配合删除快捷键用于调整参数顺序。
Alt + .	拷贝上一条指令的最后一个参数到当前行	比如touch了一个长路径文件后，vim 加本快捷键避免了重复输入。

历史命令

语法形式	提取类型	功能描述与经典用法
!!	完整命令	执行上一条命令。经典用法：sudo !!（以管理员权限重新执行刚才失败的命令）。
!n	完整命令	执行历史记录（history）中第 n 行对应的命令。
!-n	完整命令	执行倒数第 n 条命令（其中 !-1 的效果完全等同于 !!）。
!string	完整命令	执行历史记录中最近一次以 string 开头的命令。例如：!ssh 快速重连。
!?string?	完整命令	执行历史记录中最近一次包含 string 的命令（不要求必须在开头）。
!$	部分参数	提取上一条命令的最后一个参数。例如：mkdir doc 后接 cd !$ 直接进入。
!*	部分参数	提取上一条命令的所有参数（自动剔除最前方的命令本身）。
!^	部分参数	提取上一条命令的第一个参数。

特殊语法

语法/符号	语法类别	功能描述与示例说明
^old^new^	快速替换	调用上一条命令，将第一个 old 字符串替换为 new 并立即执行。如：^lig^log^。
{,}	大括号扩展	逗号分隔展开。常用于文件备份：cp nginx.conf{,.bak} 展开为备份命令。
{a..b}	大括号扩展	序列生成展开。常用于批量创建：mkdir -p month_{01..12} 批量创建 12 个月份目录。
cd -	目录跳转	回到上一次所在的目录。适合在两个层级极深的目录之间高频来回切换。
~	目录缩写	代表当前登录用户的家目录（Home Directory），等同于 $HOME。
~+	目录缩写	代表当前工作目录的绝对路径，等同于使用环境变量 $PWD。
~-	目录缩写	代表前一个工作目录的绝对路径，等同于使用环境变量 $OLDPWD。

clipboard.md

通过VT序列写入终端宿主机的剪贴板

VT扩展序列 OSC 52（Operating System Command 52）支持将文本写入剪贴板，免去了鼠标框选操作，尤其是针对需要翻页滚动的大文件。

Note

目前仅测试Windows Terminal， 其他像Gnome Terminal 应该是不支持的

将以下函数写入bash或者.bashrc

osc52() {
    local content=""
    # 检测是否存在管道输入（优先读取管道）
    if [[ ! -t 0 ]]; then
        content=$(cat)
    elif [[ $# -ge 1 ]]; then
        if [[ -f "$1" ]]; then
            content=$(< "$1")
        else
            content="$*"
        fi
    else
        echo "用法：
  osc52 文件路径
  osc52 \"文本内容\"
  command | osc52" >&2
        return 1
    fi

    local b64
    b64=$(printf "%s" "$content" | base64 -w 0)
    # 强制输出到终端，避免管道重定向吞掉转义序列
    printf '\033]52;c;%s\a' "$b64" > /dev/tty
}

然后按以下规则使用

# 1 文件
osc52 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

# 2 字符串
osc52 "hello
多行测试文本"

# 3 管道
ip a | osc52
cat file.txt | osc52

# 4 heredoc 也兼容
osc52 <<'EOF'
第一行
第二行
EOF

term_img.md

Show image in modern Terminal

As we known, Terminal has the ability to show image file. The typical protocals are iTerm2, sixel, kitty, etc. But there are also terminals which could only handle ASCII art pics(gnome-terminal, Terminal.app on Mac and the native tty on Ubuntu Server). Here is a good reference for the platform-capable protocal.

Thanks to yazi, I've written a script to detect different terminals and invoke proper image function tool.

Code

show_company_logo() {
    case $- in
        *i*) ;;
        *) return 0 ;;
    esac

    [ -t 1 ] || return 0

    if [ -n "${COMPANY_LOGO_SHOWN:-}" ]; then
        return 0
    fi
    export COMPANY_LOGO_SHOWN=1

    local png="$HOME/.some.png"
    local sixel="$HOME/.some.sixel"
    local term="${TERM:-}"
    local term_program="${TERM_PROGRAM:-}"

    _logo_with_chafa() {
        command -v chafa >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 1
        [ -f "$png" ] || return 1
        chafa --size=75x50 "$png"
    }

    _logo_with_imgcat() {
        command -v imgcat >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 1
        [ -f "$png" ] || return 1
        imgcat --height 25 "$png"
    }

    _logo_with_sixel() {
        [ -f "$sixel" ] || return 1
        cat "$sixel"
    }

    _supports_sixel() {
        [ -f "$HOME/.ifsixel" ] || return 1
        command -v python3 >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 1
        python3 "$HOME/.ifsixel" >/dev/null 2>&1
    }

    # Local Linux console on the server
    if [ "$term" = "linux" ]; then
        _logo_with_chafa && return 0
        return 0
    fi

    # VS Code terminal over SSH
    if [ "$term_program" = "vscode" ]; then
        _logo_with_imgcat && return 0
        return 0
    fi

    # Sixel-capable SSH terminal(Windows Terminal + SSH included), detected by active probe
    if _supports_sixel; then
        _logo_with_sixel && return 0
        _logo_with_chafa && return 0
        return 0
    fi

    # Generic fallback
    _logo_with_chafa && return 0
    return 0
}

show_company_logo

Here is the py script to determine the ability of sixel, $HOME/.ifsixel

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
import sys
import time
import tty
import termios
import select

def read_response(fd, timeout=0.3):
    data = b""
    deadline = time.time() + timeout

    while time.time() < deadline:
        remaining = max(0, deadline - time.time())
        r, _, _ = select.select([fd], [], [], remaining)
        if not r:
            break

        chunk = os.read(fd, 4096)
        if not chunk:
            break

        data += chunk

        # Most DA replies end with 'c'
        if b"c" in chunk:
            break

    return data

def supports_sixel_from_da(text: str) -> bool:
    # Heuristic matcher for DA-style replies that may indicate sixel capability.
    # This is intentionally conservative and can be refined with real samples.
    if not text.startswith("\x1b[?") or not text.endswith("c"):
        return False

    # Example style: ESC [ ? ... c
    body = text[3:-1]
    parts = body.split(";")

    # Common heuristic used in terminal capability discussions:
    # presence of parameter 4 is often associated with sixel graphics support.
    return "4" in parts

def main():
    debug = "--debug" in sys.argv

    try:
        fd = os.open("/dev/tty", os.O_RDWR | os.O_NOCTTY)
    except OSError:
        return 1

    old = termios.tcgetattr(fd)

    try:
        tty.setcbreak(fd)

        # Flush pending input
        while True:
            r, _, _ = select.select([fd], [], [], 0)
            if not r:
                break
            chunk = os.read(fd, 4096)
            if not chunk:
                break

        # Primary device attributes
        os.write(fd, b"\x1b[c")
        data = read_response(fd, timeout=0.3)

    finally:
        termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old)
        os.close(fd)

    text = data.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")

    if debug:
        print(repr(data))
        print(text)

    return 0 if supports_sixel_from_da(text) else 1

if __name__ == "__main__":
    raise SystemExit(main())

Here is the hleper to output sixel sequence to a file

import os
import sys
import types
from io import BytesIO

from PIL import Image

# Provide a minimal termios stub for Windows so the sixel package can import.
if os.name == "nt" and "termios" not in sys.modules:
    termios_stub = types.ModuleType("termios")
    termios_stub.ECHO = 0
    termios_stub.ICANON = 0
    termios_stub.TCSANOW = 0
    termios_stub.TCSAFLUSH = 0
    termios_stub.tcgetattr = lambda fd: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
    termios_stub.tcsetattr = lambda fd, when, settings: None
    sys.modules["termios"] = termios_stub

from sixel import SixelWriter

# Load an image using Pillow
img = Image.open(sys.argv[1])


# Resize for better terminal display (optional)
img.thumbnail((800, 600))

# Convert image to bytes
output = BytesIO()
img.save(output, format='PNG')
data = output.getvalue()

# Display using libsixel if available, otherwise fall back to pure Python implementation
libsixel_error = None
try:
    from libsixel import sixel_output

    try:
        sixel_output(data)
        sys.exit(0)
    except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover - informative path
        libsixel_error = e
except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover - informative path
    libsixel_error = e

try:
    buffer = BytesIO(data)
    buffer.seek(0)
    writer = SixelWriter()
    writer.draw(buffer, output=sys.stdout)
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error displaying image: {e}")
    if libsixel_error:
        print(f"libsixel fallback error: {libsixel_error}")
    print("Note: Your terminal may not support Sixel graphics")

How to detect terminal

Some terminals set environments to identify itself.

[
    ("KITTY_WINDOW_ID", Kitty),
    ("KONSOLE_VERSION", Konsole),
    ("ITERM_SESSION_ID", Iterm2),
    ("WEZTERM_EXECUTABLE", WezTerm),
    ("GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR", Ghostty),
    ("WT_Session", Microsoft),
    ("WARP_HONOR_PS1", Warp),
    ("VSCODE_INJECTION", VSCode),
    ("TABBY_CONFIG_DIRECTORY", Tabby),
]

But not all of these env automatically pass through SSH session, so we need to send escape sequence and check the response.

The VT sequence provide a Query State code, DA(device attribute). The shell or cli program should send ESC [ 0 c to terminal and the terminal will respond some invisible characters. On official website it says that it will emit \x1b[?1;0c, indicating "VT101 with No Options". But in my experiment, Windows Terminal + SSH will respond \x1b[?61;4;6;7;14;21;22;23;24;28;32;42;52c, this is why the .issixel script check if there is character 4 in the response. And in native Windows Terminal, the response is \x1b[?61;1;6;7;21;22;23;24;28;32;42;52c. For comparison, gnome-terminal gives the \x1b[?65;1;9c, same as gnome-terminal + SSH. It's quite simple on mac Terminal.app with or without SSH, \x1b[?1;2c.

term_win.md

Modern Windows Terminal, conhost.exe and conpty

refer to

https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/windows-command-line-backgrounder/

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/classic-vs-vt

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/console-virtual-terminal-sequences#query-state

tmux.md

Personal Tmux config

.config/tmux/tmux.conf

# 基础设置
set -g default-terminal "screen-256color"
set -sg escape-time 300          # 用于远程ssh等待
set -g status-interval 2         # 刷新频率设为 2 秒
set -g mouse on
set -g status-position bottom
set -g base-index 1
set -g pane-base-index 1
set-window-option -g pane-base-index 1
set-option -g renumber-windows on

bind '"' split-window -v -c "#{pane_current_path}"
bind % split-window -h -c "#{pane_current_path}"


# 状态栏
set -g status-left-length 40
set -g status-left "#[bg=#007ACC,fg=white,bold] ❐ #S #[default] " # 醒目的 Session 按钮
bind-key -n MouseDown1StatusLeft choose-tree -Zs                  # Session 按钮的行为打开会话管理器
set -g status-style "bg=#282a36,fg=#f8f8f2"                       # 状态栏背景前景
set -g window-status-separator "#[fg=#282a36]│#[default]"         # 窗口分割

# 非活动窗口
set -g window-status-style "bg=#44475a,fg=#f8f8f2"
set -g window-status-format " #W "

# 活动窗口：改为深蓝色 (使用 Dracula 的深蓝 #6272a4)
set -g window-status-current-style "bg=#6272a4,fg=#f8f8f2,bold"
set -g window-status-current-format " #W "

# 右侧
set -g status-right-length 200
set -g status-right ""

# CPU (青色 #8be9fd)
set -ga status-right "#[bg=#8be9fd,fg=#282a36] #(LC_NUMERIC=en_US.UTF-8 top -bn2 -d 0.01 | grep '[C]pu(s)' | tail -1 | sed 's/.*, *\\([0-9.]*\\)%* id, *\\([0-9.]*\\)%* wa.*/\\1 \\2/' | awk '{print int(100 - \$1 - \$2) \"%%\"}') "
# RAM (黄色 #f1fa8c)
set -ga status-right "#[bg=#f1fa8c,fg=#282a36] #(free -h | awk '/^Mem:/ {print \$3 \" / \" \$2}') "
# GPU 粉色
set -ga status-right "#[bg=#ff79c6,fg=#282a36] #(nvidia-smi --query-gpu=utilization.gpu --format=csv,noheader,nounits | awk '{ printf(\"|%%d%%%%\", \$1) } END { print \"|\" }' | sed 's/%%/\\%%/g') "
# 网卡
set -ga status-right "#[bg=#44475a,fg=#8be9fd] #(sh ~/.tmux/net_speed.sh) "
# 时间 (紫色 #bd93f9)
set -ga status-right "#[bg=#bd93f9,fg=#282a36,bold] %H:%M "

.tmux/net_speed.sh

#!/bin/bash

# 获取传入的第一个参数作为网卡名称
INTERFACE=$1
if [ -z "$INTERFACE" ]; then
    INTERFACE=$(ip route get 1.1.1.1 2>/dev/null | grep -oP 'dev \K\S+' | head -n 1)
fi

# 安全检查
if [ -z "$INTERFACE" ]; then
    echo "NO NIC"
    exit 1
fi

# 安全检查 2：确保该网卡真实存在，防止脚本因为找不到目录而疯狂报错
if [ ! -d "/sys/class/net/$INTERFACE" ]; then
    echo "ERR NIC"
    exit 1
fi

rx1=$(cat /sys/class/net/$INTERFACE/statistics/rx_bytes); tx1=$(cat /sys/class/net/$INTERFACE/statistics/tx_bytes)
sleep 1
rx2=$(cat /sys/class/net/$INTERFACE/statistics/rx_bytes); tx2=$(cat /sys/class/net/$INTERFACE/statistics/tx_bytes)

echo "↓ $(numfmt --to=iec --format="%5.1f" $((rx2-rx1)))B/s • ↑ $(numfmt --to=iec --format="%5.1f" $((tx2-tx1)))B/s"

Playground

• btop
• while true; do sl -e | lolcat; done
• asciiquarium
• cmatrix
• while true; do for cow in $(cowsay -l | tail -n +2); do cowsay -f "$cow" -W 11 "每个动物都在说话" | lolcat -f; sleep 2; done; done
• cbonsai -l -i
• genact
• git clone https://github.com/pipeseroni/pipes.sh.git && cd pipes.sh && bash pipes.sh
• aafire
• telnet mapscii.me
• tty-clock -srbC 1
• tickrs -i 3 -s AAPL,MSFT,NVDA,AMZN,GOOGL,META,TSLA,BRK-B,AVGO,JPM cargo install tickrs
• carbonyl 'https://www.bilibili.com/' --no-sandbox eval "$(curl https://get.x-cmd.com)" && x env use carbonyl
• cacademo
• cacafire
• kew alsamixer

whatis-in-ubuntu-usr-bin.txt

[ - check file types and compare values
w - Show who is logged on and what they are doing.
ar - create, modify, and extract from archives
as - the portable GNU assembler.
bc - An arbitrary precision calculator language
cc - GNU project C and C++ compiler
cp - copy files and directories
dd - convert and copy a file
df - report file system space usage
du - estimate file space usage
ed - line-oriented text editor
ex - Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
gc - count graph components
gh - GitHub CLI
hd - display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii
id - print real and effective user and group IDs
ip - Linux IPv4 protocol implementation
jq - Command-line JSON processor
js - server-side JavaScript runtime
ld - The GNU linker
ln - make links between files
ls - display animations aimed to correct users who accidentally enter LS instead of ls .
m4 - macro processor
mt - control magnetic tape drive operation
mv - move (rename) files
nc - arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
NF - awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9)
nl - number lines of files
nm - list symbols from object files
od - dump files in octal and other formats
pr - convert text files for printing
ps - report a snapshot of the current processes.
rm - remove files or directories
sg - 以不同的组 ID 执行命令
sh - command interpreter (shell)
ss - another utility to investigate sockets
su - run a command with substitute user and group ID
tr - translate or delete characters
ts - timestamp input
ul - do underlining
vi - Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
wc - print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
xz - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
apg - generates several random passwords
apt - command-line interface
awk - pattern scanning and processing language
bcp - extract subsets of Boost
c++ - GNU project C and C++ compiler
c89 - ANSI (1989) C compiler
c99 - ANSI (1999) C compiler
cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output
cct - Coordinate Conversion and Transformation
cmp - compare two files byte by byte
col - filter reverse line feeds from input
cpp - The C Preprocessor
ctr - (unknown subject)
cut - remove sections from each line of files
dig - DNS lookup utility
dir - list directory contents
dot - filter for drawing directed graphs
dwp - The DWARF packaging utility
dwz - DWARF optimization and duplicate removal tool
env - run a program in a modified environment
eqn - format mathematics (equations) for groff or MathML
erb - Ruby Templating
fdp - filter for drawing undirected graphs
fmt - simple optimal text formatter
ftp - Internet file transfer program
g++ - GNU project C and C++ compiler
gcc - GNU project C and C++ compiler
GET - Simple command line user agent
gie - The Geospatial Integrity Investigation Environment
gio - GIO commandline tool
git - Perl interface to the Git version control system
gpg - OpenPGP encryption and signing tool
gyp - cross-platform makefile generator for Chromium
irb - Interactive Ruby Shell
jar - create an archive for classes and resources, and manipulate or restore individual classes or resources from an archive
jdb - find and fix bugs in Java platform programs
jfr - print and manipulate Flight Recorder files
jps - list the instrumented JVMs on the target system
lcf - Determine which of the historical versions of a config is installed
ldd - print shared object dependencies
lft - print the route packets trace to network host
man - 系统参考手册的接口
moc - generate Qt meta object support code
mtr - a network diagnostic tool
net - Tool for administration of Samba and remote CIFS servers.
nop - pretty-print graph file
npm - (unknown subject)
npx - (unknown subject)
nyc - istanbul command line interface
pee - tee standard input to pipes
pic - compile pictures for troff or TeX
pip - A tool for installing and managing Python packages
pon - starts up, shuts down or lists the log of PPP connections
pro - Manage Ubuntu Pro services from Canonical
ptx - produce a permuted index of file contents
pwd - print name of current/working directory
red - line-oriented text editor
rev - reverse lines characterwise
sar - Collect, report, or save system activity information.
scp - OpenSSH secure file copy
sed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text
seq - print a sequence of numbers
sip - generates C++/Python bindings
sos - A unified tool for collecting system logs and other debug information
ssh - OpenSSH remote login client
sum - checksum and count the blocks in a file
tac - concatenate and print files in reverse
tap - Test-Anything-Protocol module for Node.js
tar - an archiving utility
tbl - prepare tables for groff documents
tee - read from standard input and write to standard output and files
tic - compile terminal descriptions for terminfo or termcap
toe - list table of entries of terminfo terminal types
top - display Linux processes
tty - print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input
ucf - Update Configuration File: preserve user changes in configuration files
vim - Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
w3m - a text based web browser and pager
who - show who is logged on
xev - print contents of X events
xfd - display all the characters in an X font
xxd - make a hex dump or do the reverse.
yes - output a string repeatedly until killed
zip - package and compress (archive) files
acpi - Shows battery status and other ACPI information
arch - print machine hardware name (same as uname -m)
atop - Advanced System & Process Monitor
attr - legacy tool to handle extended attributes on filesystem objects
bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
bjam - software build tool
bmon - bandwidth monitor and rate estimator
btop - Resource monitor that shows usage and stats for processor, memory, disks, network and processes.
ccze - A robust log colorizer
chfn - 更改真名和信息
chrt - manipulate the real-time attributes of a process
chsh - 更改登录 shell
chvt - change foreground virtual terminal
col1 - awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9)
col2 - awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9)
col3 - awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9)
col4 - awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9)
col5 - awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9)
col6 - awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9)
col7 - awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9)
col8 - awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9)
col9 - awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9)
comm - compare two sorted files line by line
cpan - easily interact with CPAN from the command line
cpio - copy files to and from archives
curl - transfer a URL
dash - command interpreter (shell)
date - print or set the system date and time
delv - DNS lookup and validation utility
derb - disassemble a resource bundle
diff - compare files line by line
dpkg - module with core variables
echo - display a line of text
empy - A powerful and robust templating system for Python
expr - evaluate expressions
file - input/output stream
find - search for files in a directory hierarchy
fold - wrap each input line to fit in specified width
free - Display amount of free and used memory in the system
gawk - pattern scanning and processing language
gcov - coverage testing tool
geod - Geodesic computations
geqn - format mathematics (equations) for groff or MathML
gold - The GNU ELF linker
gpg2 - OpenPGP encryption and signing tool
gpgv - Verify OpenPGP signatures
gpic - compile pictures for troff or TeX
grep - print lines that match patterns
grog - “groff guess”-infer the groff command a document requires
gsbj - Format and print text for BubbleJet printer using ghostscript
gsdj - Format and print text for DeskJet printer using ghostscript
gslj - Format and print text for LaserJet printer using ghostscript
gslp - Format and print text using ghostscript
gsnd - Run ghostscript (PostScript and PDF engine) without display
gtbl - prepare tables for groff documents
gvpr - graph pattern scanning and processing language
gzip - compress or expand files
h2ph - convert .h C header files to .ph Perl header files
h2xs - convert .h C header files to Perl extensions
h5cc - Helper script to compile HDF5 applications.
h5fc - Reports statistics regarding an HDF5 file and the objects in the file.
head - Simple command line user agent
HEAD - Simple command line user agent
host - DNS lookup utility
htop - interactive process viewer
i386 - change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags
ifne - Run command if the standard input is not empty
info - read Info documents
ipcs - show information on IPC facilities
java - launch a Java application
jcmd - send diagnostic command requests to a running Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
jmap - print details of a specified process
jmod - create JMOD files and list the content of existing JMOD files
join - join lines of two files on a common field
jp2a - convert JPEG and PNG images to ASCII
kill - send a signal to a process
kmod - Program to manage Linux Kernel modules
last - show a listing of last logged in users
less - opposite of more
link - call the link function to create a link to a file
look - display lines beginning with a given string
lshw - list hardware
lsns - list namespaces
lsof - list open files
lzma - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
make - GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
mawk - pattern scanning and text processing language
mdig - DNS pipelined lookup utility
mesg - display (or do not display) messages from other users
more - display the contents of a file in a terminal
nano - Nano's ANOther editor, inspired by Pico
nawk - pattern scanning and processing language
neqn - format equations for character-cell terminal output
nice - run a program with modified scheduling priority
node - server-side JavaScript runtime
open - opens a file or URL in the user's preferred application
pdb3 - the Python debugger
perf - Performance analysis tools for Linux
perl - The Perl 5 language interpreter
pico - Nano's ANOther editor, inspired by Pico
pigz - compress or expand files
ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
pip3 - A tool for installing and managing Python packages
pldd - display dynamic shared objects linked into a process
plog - starts up, shuts down or lists the log of PPP connections
pmap - report memory map of a process
poff - starts up, shuts down or lists the log of PPP connections
POST - Simple command line user agent
proj - Cartographic projection filter
ptar - a tar-like program written in perl
pwdx - report current working directory of a process
rake - make-like build utility for Ruby
rdma - RDMA tool
rdoc - Generate documentation from Ruby script files
ruby - Interpreted object-oriented scripting language
rvim - Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
sadf - Display data collected by sar in multiple formats.
sfdp - filter for drawing large undirected graphs
sftp - OpenSSH secure file transfer
shuf - generate random permutations
size - list section sizes and total size of binary files
snap - Tool to interact with snaps
sort - sort lines of text files
stat - display file or file system status
stty - change and print terminal line settings
sudo - execute a command as another user
sync - Synchronize cached writes to persistent storage
tabs - set terminal tab stops
tail - output the last part of files
tape - tap-producing test harness for node and browsers
test - check file types and compare values
time - run programs and summarize system resource usage
tmux - terminal multiplexer
tput - initialize a terminal, exercise its capabilities, or query terminfo database
tred - transitive reduction filter for directed graphs
tree - list contents of directories in a tree-like format.
true - do nothing, successfully
tset - initialize or reset terminal state
ucfq - query the ucf database
ucfr - Update Configuration File Registry: associate packages with configuration files
uniq - report or omit repeated lines
unxz - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
vdir - list directory contents
view - Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
vipe - edit pipe
wall - write a message to all users
wget - The non-interactive network downloader.
wish - Simple windowing shell
xrdb - X server resource database utility
xset - user preference utility for X
zcat - compress or expand files
zcmp - compare compressed files
znew - recompress .Z files to .gz files
zrun - automatically uncompress arguments to command
zstd - zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress .zst files
acorn - parse JavaScript file
b2sum - compute and check BLAKE2 message digest
btrfs - topics about the BTRFS filesystem (mount options, supported file attributes and other)
byobu - wrapper script for seeding a user's byobu configuration and launching a text based window manager (either screen or tmux)
bzcat - decompresses files to stdout
bzcmp - compare bzip2 compressed files
bzexe - compress executable files in place
bzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.8
chacl - change the access control list of a file or directory
chafa - Character art facsimile generator
chage - 更改用户密码过期信息
chcon - change file security context
chgrp - change group ownership
chmod - change file mode bits
choom - display and adjust OOM-killer score.
chown - change file owner and group
circo - filter for circular layout of graphs
cksum - compute and verify file checksums
clear - clear the terminal screen
cmake - CMake Command-Line Reference
colrm - remove columns from a file
cpack - CPack Command-Line Reference
crc32 - compute CRC-32 checksums for the given files
cs2cs - Cartographic coordinate system filter
ctail - watch and colorize a logfile
ctest - CTest Command-Line Reference
diff3 - compare three files line by line
dmesg - print or control the kernel ring buffer
dotty - A Customizable Graph Editor
egrep - print lines that match patterns
eject - eject removable media
empy3 - A powerful and robust templating system for Python
errno - look up errno names and descriptions
false - do nothing, unsuccessfully
fgrep - print lines that match patterns
flock - manage locks from shell scripts
fuser - identify processes using files or sockets
gdbus - Tool for working with D-Bus objects
genrb - compile a resource bundle
gmake - GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
gpgsm - CMS encryption and signing tool
gprof - display call graph profile data
groff - front end to the GNU roff document formatting system
grops - groff output driver for PostScript
gvgen - generate graphs
gvmap - find clusters and create a geographical map highlighting clusters.
gzexe - compress executable files in place
h5c++ - Helper script to compile HDF5 C++ applications.
h5pcc - helper script to compile HDF5 C applications
h5pfc - helper script to compile HDF5 Fortran applications
iconv - convert text from one character encoding to another
ipcmk - make various IPC resources
ipcrm - remove certain IPC resources
javac - read Java declarations and compile them into class files
javap - disassemble one or more class files
jdeps - launch the Java class dependency analyzer
jhsdb - attach to a Java process or launch a postmortem debugger to analyze the content of a core dump from a crashed Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
jinfo - generate Java configuration information for a specified Java process
jlink - assemble and optimize a set of modules and their dependencies into a custom runtime image
jsesc - escape strings for use in JavaScript string literals
json5 - Command line for the JSON5 Data Interchange Format (JSON5)
jstat - monitor JVM statistics
lastb - show a listing of last logged in users
lckdo - run a program with a lock held
ld.so - dynamic linker/loader
lefty - A Programmable Graphics Editor
login - 在系统上启动回话
lsblk - list block devices
lscpu - display information about the CPU architecture
lsipc - show information on IPC facilities currently employed in the system
lsmem - list the ranges of available memory with their online status
lsmod - Show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel
lspci - list all PCI devices
lsusb - list USB devices
lttng - Control LTTng tracing
lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
lzcmp - compare compressed files
mandb - 创建或更新手册页索引缓存
mkdir - make directories
mknod - make block or character special files
mm2gv - Matrix Market-DOT converters
mmcli - Control and monitor the ModemManager
mount - mount filesystem
mpicc - Open MPI C++ wrapper compiler
mpiCC - Open MPI C++ wrapper compiler
msgen - create English message catalog
namei - follow a pathname until a terminal point is found
neato - filter for drawing undirected graphs
niReg - register/unregister an OpenNI hardware or middleware driver
nmcli - command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager
nmtui - Text User Interface for controlling NetworkManager
nohup - run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
nproc - print the number of processing units available
nroff - format documents with groff for TTY (terminal) devices
nstat - network statistics tools.
nvtop - interactive GPU process viewer
orted - Start an Open RTE User-Level Daemon
osage - filter for drawing clustered graphs
oshcc - Open SHMEM C++ wrapper compiler
oshCC - Open SHMEM C++ wrapper compiler
pager - opposite of more
partx - tell the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk partitions
paste - merge lines of files
patch - apply a diff file to an original
pbget - compress and encode arbitrary files to pastebin.com
pbput - compress and encode arbitrary files to pastebin.com
pgrep - look up, signal, or wait for processes based on name and other attributes
pidof - find the process ID of a running program
ping4 - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
ping6 - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
pinky - lightweight finger
pkcon - PackageKit console client
pkill - look up, signal, or wait for processes based on name and other attributes
pkmon - PackageKit console client
pl2pm - Rough tool to translate Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm modules.
prove - Run tests through a TAP harness.
prune - Prune directed graphs
ps2ps - Ghostscript PostScript "distiller"
pslog - report current logs path of a process
pzstd - parallelized Zstandard compression, a la pigz
qmake - cross-platform makefile generator for Qt
rbash - restricted bash, see bash(1)
reset - initialize or reset terminal state
rgrep - print lines that match patterns
ri3.2 - Ruby API reference front end
rmdir - remove empty directories
rnano - a restricted nano
rsync - a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
rview - Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
sdiff - side-by-side merge of file differences
sg_dd - copy data to and from files and devices, especially SCSI devices
shred - overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it
skill - send a signal or report process status
sleep - delay for a specified amount of time
snice - send a signal or report process status
split - split a file into pieces
sprof - read and display shared object profiling data
strip - discard symbols and other data from object files
tclsh - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter
tload - graphic representation of system load average
tnftp - Internet file transfer program
touch - change file timestamps
troff - GNU roff typesetter and document formatter
tsort - perform topological sort
twopi - filter for radial layouts of graphs
uconv - convert data from one encoding to another
uname - print system information
unzip - list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
usbip - manage USB/IP devices
users - print the user names of users currently logged in to the current host
vidir - edit directories and filenames
vigpg - open and edit an encrypted file
watch - execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
wdctl - show hardware watchdog status
which - locate a command
write - send a message to another user
wscat - Communicate over websocket
xargs - build and execute command lines from standard input
xauth - X authority file utility
xhost - server access control program for X
xkill - kill a client by its X resource
xprop - property displayer for X
xzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
xzcmp - compare compressed files
zdiff - compare compressed files
zdump - timezone dumper
zgrep - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
zless - file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
zmore - file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
aafire - aalib example programs
aainfo - aalib example programs
aatest - aalib example programs
apgbfm - APG Bloom filter management program
appres - list X application resource database
base32 - base32 encode/decode data and print to standard output
base64 - base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output
basenc - Encode/decode data and print to standard output
batcat - a cat(1) clone with syntax highlighting and Git integration.
bcomps - biconnected components filter for graphs
busctl - Introspect the bus
bzdiff - compare bzip2 compressed files
bzgrep - search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression
bzless - file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 compressed text
bzmore - file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 compressed text
catman - 创建或更新预格式化的手册页
ccomps - connected components filter for graphs
chattr - change file attributes on a Linux file system
cifsdd - convert and copy a file over SMB
colcrt - filter nroff output for CRT previewing
column - columnate lists
csplit - split a file into sections determined by context lines
ctstat - unified linux network statistics
dh_dwz - optimize DWARF debug information in ELF binaries via dwz
dh_ucf - register configuration files with ucf
docker - Docker image and container command line interface
dvipdf - Convert TeX DVI file to PDF using ghostscript and dvips
editor - Nano's ANOther editor, inspired by Pico
enc2xs - - Perl Encode Module Generator
erb3.2 - Ruby Templating
es2tri - a draw demonstration using X/EGL and OpenGL ES 2.x
eslint - JavaScript
expand - convert tabs to spaces
expiry - check and enforce password expiration policy
factor - factor numbers
fc-cat - read font information cache files
ffmpeg - ffmpeg media converter
ffplay - FFplay media player
figlet - display large characters made up of ordinary screen characters
funzip - filter for extracting from a ZIP archive in a pipe
g++-13 - GNU project C and C++ compiler
gcc-13 - GNU project C and C++ compiler
gcc-ar - a wrapper around ar adding the --plugin option
gcc-nm - a wrapper around nm adding the --plugin option
gem3.2 - frontend to RubyGems, the Ruby package manager
genbrk - Compiles ICU break iteration rules source files into binary data files
gencat - Generate message catalog
gencfu - Generates Unicode Confusable data files
getent - get entries from Name Service Switch libraries
getopt - parse command options (enhanced)
gml2gv - GML-DOT converters
gpgtar - Encrypt or sign files into an archive
grotty - groff output driver for typewriter-like (terminal) devices
groups - print the groups a user is in
gunzip - compress or expand files
gv2gml - GML-DOT converters
gv2gxl - GXL-GV converters
gvpack - merge and pack disjoint graphs
gxl2gv - GXL-GV converters
hostid - print the numeric identifier for the current host
ifdata - get network interface info without parsing ifconfig output
ifstat - Report InterFace STATistics
import - saves any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire screen, or any rectangular portion of the screen.
ionice - set or get process I/O scheduling class and priority
iostat - Report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.
irb3.2 - Interactive Ruby Shell
isutf8 - check whether files are valid UTF-8
isympy - interactive shell for SymPy
jshell - interactively evaluate declarations, statements, and expressions of the Java programming language in a read-eval-print loop (REPL)
jstack - print Java stack traces of Java threads for a specified Java process
jstatd - monitor the creation and termination of instrumented Java HotSpot VMs
keyctl - key management facility control
ld.bfd - The GNU linker
lft.db - print the route packets trace to network host
lneato - A Customizable Graph Editor
lnstat - unified linux network statistics
locale - get locale-specific information
locate - find files by name, quickly
logger - enter messages into the system log
lsattr - list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
lzdiff - compare compressed files
lzgrep - search compressed files for a regular expression
lzless - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files
lzmore - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files
md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
memhog - Allocates memory with policy for testing
mingle - fast edge bundling
mkfifo - make FIFOs (named pipes)
mktemp - create a temporary file or directory
mpic++ - Open MPI C++ wrapper compiler
mpicxx - Open MPI C++ wrapper compiler
mpif77 - Deprecated Open MPI Fortran wrapper compilers
mpif90 - Deprecated Open MPI Fortran wrapper compilers
mpirun - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open MPI. oshrun, shmemrun - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open SHMEM.
mpstat - Report processors related statistics.
msgcat - combines several message catalogs
msgcmp - compare message catalog and template
msgfmt - compile message catalog to binary format
mt-gnu - control magnetic tape drive operation
mtrace - interpret the malloc trace log
netcat - arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
newgrp - 登录到一个新组
nodejs - server-side JavaScript runtime
ntfsls - list directory contents on an NTFS filesystem
numfmt - Convert numbers from/to human-readable strings
opalcc - Open PAL C++ wrapper compiler
openvt - start a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).
ortecc - Open PAL C++ wrapper compiler
oshc++ - Open SHMEM C++ wrapper compiler
oshcxx - Open SHMEM C++ wrapper compiler
oshrun - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open MPI. oshrun, shmemrun - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open SHMEM.
pacote - The JavaScript Package Handler
passwd - 更改用户密码
pbputs - compress and encode arbitrary files to pastebin.com
pdf2ps - Ghostscript PDF to PostScript translator
peekfd - peek at file descriptors of running processes
pf2afm - Make an AFM file from Postscript (PFB/PFA/PFM) font files using ghostscript
piconv - - iconv(1), reinvented in perl
printf - format and print data
ps2pdf - Convert PostScript to PDF using ghostscript
pstree - display a tree of processes
pydoc3 - the Python documentation tool
pytest - pytest usage
qmicli - Control QMI devices
ranlib - generate an index to an archive
renice - alter priority of running processes
rimraf - Fast deep deletion (like rm -rf)
routel - list routes with pretty output format
rpcgen - an RPC protocol compiler
rrsync - a script to setup restricted rsync users via ssh logins
rst2s5 - convert reST documents to S5 slidesView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
rtstat - unified linux network statistics
runcon - run command with specified security context
sbsign - UEFI secure boot signing tool
scalar - A tool for managing large Git repositories
sccmap - extract strongly connected components of directed graphs
screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation
script - make typescript of terminal session
semver - The semantic versioner for npm
setpci - configure PCI devices
setsid - run a program in a new session
sginfo - access mode page information for a SCSI (or ATAPI) device
sg_inq - issue SCSI INQUIRY command and/or decode its response
sg_map - displays mapping between Linux sg and other SCSI devices
sgm_dd - copy data to and from files and devices, especially SCSI devices
sgp_dd - copy data to and from files and devices, especially SCSI devices
sg_raw - send arbitrary SCSI or NVMe command to a device
sg_ses - access a SCSI Enclosure Services (SES) device
sg_vpd - fetch SCSI VPD page and/or decode its response
shasum - Print or Check SHA Checksums
slogin - OpenSSH remote login client
smbget - wget-like utility for download files over SMB
smbtar - shell script for backing up SMB/CIFS shares directly to UNIX tape drives
soelim - recursively interpolate source requests in roff or other text files
splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
sponge - soak up standard input and write to a file
ss-nat - helper script to setup NAT rules for transparent proxy
stdbuf - Run COMMAND, with modified buffering operations for its standard streams.
strace - trace system calls and signals
stream - a lightweight tool to stream one or more pixel components of the image or portion of the image to your choice of storage formats.
stress - tool to impose load on and stress test a computer system
telnet - user interface to the TELNET protocol
terser - JavaScript parser and mangler/compressor and beautifier toolkit
toilet - display large colourful characters
trial3 - run unit tests
umount - unmount filesystem
unlink - call the unlink function to remove the specified file
unlzma - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
unpigz - compress or expand files
unzstd - zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress .zst files
upower - System-wide Power Management
uptime - Tell how long the system has been running.
usbipd - USB/IP server daemon
vimdot - Combined text editor and dot viewer
vmstat - Report virtual memory statistics
w3mman - an interface to the on-line reference manuals via w3m(1)
whatis - 显示在线手册页说明
whoami - print effective user name
x86_64 - change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags
xcmsdb - Device Color Characterization utility for X Color Management System
xgamma - Alter a monitor's gamma correction through the X server
xrandr - X Resize, Rotate and Reflection extension.
xsubpp - compiler to convert Perl XS code into C code
xvinfo - Print out X-Video extension adaptor information
xzdiff - compare compressed files
xzgrep - search compressed files for a regular expression
xzless - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files
xzmore - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files
zegrep - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
zfgrep - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
zforce - force a '.gz' extension on all gzip files
zstdmt - zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress .zst files
aa-exec - confine a program with the specified AppArmor profile
aclocal - manual page for aclocal 1.16.5
acyclic - make directed graph acyclic
addpart - tell the kernel about the existence of a partition
animate - animates an image or image sequence on any X server.
apropos - 搜索手册页名称和描述
apt-get - APT package handling utility -- command-line interface
apt-key - Deprecated APT key management utility
atopcat - concatenate raw log files to stdout
atopsar - Advanced System Activity Report (atop related)
babeljs - The compiler for writing next generation JavaScript
bashbug - report a bug in bash
boltctl - control the thunderbolt device manager
btrfsck - check or repair a btrfs filesystem
bunzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.8
bzegrep - search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression
bzfgrep - search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression
c89-gcc - ANSI (1989) C compiler
c99-gcc - ANSI (1999) C compiler
c++filt - demangle C++ and Java symbols
chardet - universal character encoding detector
chkfont - checks figlet 2.0 and up font files for format errors
chronic - runs a command quietly unless it fails
ckbcomp - compile a XKB keyboard description to a keymap suitable for loadkeys or kbdcontrol
cluster - find clusters in a graph and augment the graph with this information.
cmatrix - simulates the display from "The Matrix"
combine - combine sets of lines from two files using boolean operations
compare - mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction.
conjure - interprets and executes scripts written in the Magick Scripting Language (MSL).
convert - convert between image formats as well as resize an image, blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more.
crontab - maintain crontab files for individual users (Vixie Cron)
dbxtool - (unknown subject)
debconf - run a debconf-using program
delpart - tell the kernel to forget about a partition
dh_link - create symlinks in package build directories
dh_perl - calculates Perl dependencies and cleans up after MakeMaker
dh_prep - perform cleanups in preparation for building a binary package
dh_sip3 - set the correct dependencies for Python3 packages using sip
diffimg - Calculates intersection between two images
dirmngr - GnuPG's network access daemon
dirname - strip last component from file name
display - displays an image or image sequence on any X server.
dockerd - Enable daemon mode
dot2gxl - GXL-GV converters
dumpiso - dump IEEE 1394 isochronous channel packets
editres - a dynamic resource editor for X Toolkit applications
elfedit - update ELF header and program property of ELF files
eps2eps - Ghostscript PostScript "distiller"
esparse - ECMAScript Parser using Esprima
faillog - 登录失败的日志文件
fc-list - list available fonts
fc-scan - scan font files or directories
ffprobe - ffprobe media prober
figlist - lists figlet fonts and control files
finalrd - final runtime directory generator for shutdown
findmnt - find a filesystem
gawkbug - report a bug in gawk
gcov-13 - coverage testing tool
gendict - Compiles word list into ICU string trie dictionary
getconf - Query system configuration variables
getfacl - get file access control lists
gettext - translate message
git-lfs - Work with large files in Git repositories
glances - An eye on your system
glxdemo - a demonstration of the GLX functions
glxinfo - show information about the GLX implementation
gpasswd - administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
gpgconf - Modify .gnupg home directories
gprofng - The next generation GNU application profiling tool
gsdj500 - Format and print text for DeskJet 500 BubbleJet using ghostscript
gtester - test running utility
gts2dxf - converts a GTS file to DXF format.
gts2stl - converts a GTS file to STL format
gvcolor - flow colors through a ranked digraph
gxl2dot - GXL-GV converters
hexdump - display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii
iceauth - ICE authority file utility
ifnames - Extract CPP conditionals from a set of files
img2txt - convert images to various text-based coloured files
infocmp - compare or print out terminfo descriptions
inspect - Boost code inspection tool
install - copy files and set attributes
invgeod - Geodesic computations
invproj - Cartographic projection filter
isympy3 - interactive shell for SymPy
javadoc - generate HTML pages of API documentation from Java source files
json_pp - JSON::PP command utility
js-yaml - JavaScript YAML parser and dumper
kbdinfo - obtain information about the status of a console
kbxutil - List, export, import Keybox data
keytool - a key and certificate management utility
killall - kill processes by name
lastlog - 报告所有用户的最近登录情况，或者指定用户的最近登录情况
ld.gold - The GNU ELF linker
lesskey - specify key bindings for less
lexgrog - 解析 man 手册页的头部信息
linux32 - change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags
linux64 - change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags
listres - list resources in widgets
logname - print user's login name
lslocks - list local system locks
lspgpot - extracts the ownertrust values from PGP keyrings and list them in GnuPG ownertrust format.
lspower - enumerate power sources
lupdate - update Qt Linguist translation files
lzegrep - search compressed files for a regular expression
lzfgrep - search compressed files for a regular expression
manpath - 确定手册页的搜索路径
mapscrn - load screen output mapping table
mbimcli - Control MBIM devices
mcookie - generate magic cookies for xauth
mispipe - pipe two commands, returning the exit status of the first
mogrify - resize an image, blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more. Mogrify overwrites the original image file, whereas, convert-im6.q16(1) writes to a diff...
mokutil - utility to manipulate machine owner keys
montage - create a composite image by combining several separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image optionally adorned with a border, frame, image name, and more.
mpiexec - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open MPI. oshrun, shmemrun - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open SHMEM.
mpifort - Open MPI Fortran wrapper compiler
msgcomm - match two message catalogs
msgconv - character set conversion for message catalog
msgexec - process translations of message catalog
msggrep - pattern matching on message catalog
msginit - initialize a message catalog
msguniq - unify duplicate translations in message catalog
mvxattr - Recursively rename extended attributes
netaddr - interactive shell for netaddr Python library
netstat - Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships
nsenter - run program in different namespaces
ntfs-3g - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
ntfscat - print NTFS files and streams on the standard output
ntfscmp - compare two NTFS filesystems and tell the differences
ntfsfix - fix common errors and force Windows to check NTFS
numactl - Control NUMA policy for processes or shared memory
objcopy - copy and translate object files
objdump - display information from object files
opalc++ - Open PAL C++ wrapper compiler
openssl - OpenSSL command line program
orterun - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open MPI. oshrun, shmemrun - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open SHMEM.
oshfort - Open SHMEM Fortran wrapper compiler
pathchk - check whether file names are valid or portable
pdb3.12 - the Python debugger
pdbedit - manage the SAM database (Database of Samba Users)
pdf2dsc - generate a PostScript page list of a PDF document
perlbug - how to submit bug reports on Perl
perlivp - Perl Installation Verification Procedure
pidstat - Report statistics for Linux tasks.
pidwait - look up, signal, or wait for processes based on name and other attributes
pkcheck - Check whether a process is authorized
pkgconf - a system for configuring build dependency information
pkgdata - package data for use by ICU
plocate - find files by name, quickly
pod2man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
preconv - prepare files for typesetting with groff
prlimit - get and set process resource limits
prtstat - print statistics of a process
ps2epsi - generate conforming Encapsulated PostScript
py.test - pytest usage
python3 - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
rdoc3.2 - Generate documentation from Ruby script files
readelf - display information about ELF files
rst2man - generate unix manpages from reStructured textView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
rst2odt - convert reST documents to OpenDocument text (ODT)View document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
rst2xml - convert reST documents to XMLView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
ruby3.2 - Interpreted object-oriented scripting language
run-one - run just one instance at a time of some command and unique set of arguments (useful for cronjobs, eg)
savelog - save a log file
sendiso - send IEEE 1394 isochronous packets from dump file
sensors - print sensors information
sessreg - manage utmpx/wtmpx entries for non-init clients
setarch - change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags
setfacl - set file access control lists
setfont - load EGA/VGA console screen font
setleds - set the keyboard leds
setpriv - run a program with different Linux privilege settings
setterm - set terminal attributes
sg_logs - access log pages with SCSI LOG SENSE command
sg_luns - send SCSI REPORT LUNS command or decode given LUN
sg_rbuf - reads data using SCSI READ BUFFER command
sg_rdac - display or modify SCSI RDAC Redundant Controller mode page
sg_read - read multiple blocks of data, optionally with SCSI READ commands
sg_rmsn - send SCSI READ MEDIA SERIAL NUMBER command
sg_rtpg - send SCSI REPORT TARGET PORT GROUPS command
sg_scan - scans sg devices (or SCSI/ATAPI/ATA devices) and prints results
sg_seek - send SCSI SEEK, PRE-FETCH(10) or PRE-FETCH(16) command
sg_stpg - send SCSI SET TARGET PORT GROUPS command
sg_sync - send SCSI SYNCHRONIZE CACHE command
sg_turs - send one or more SCSI TEST UNIT READY commands
sg_zone - send a SCSI ZONE modifying command
sha1sum - compute and check SHA1 message digest
shmemcc - Open SHMEM C++ wrapper compiler
shmemCC - Open SHMEM C++ wrapper compiler
showkey - examine the codes sent by the keyboard
showrgb - display an rgb color-name database
slabtop - display kernel slab cache information in real time
smbinfo - Userspace helper to display SMB-specific file information for the Linux SMB client file system (CIFS)
smbtree - A text based smb network browser
sotruss - trace shared library calls through PLT
sqfscat - tool to cat files from a squashfs filesystem to stdout
sqfstar - tool to create a squashfs filesystem from a tar archive
ssh-add - adds private key identities to the OpenSSH authentication agent
stl2gts - convert an STL file to GTS format.
strings - print the sequences of printable characters in files
systemd - systemd system and service manager
taskset - set or retrieve a process's CPU affinity
tcpdump - dump traffic on a network
tdbdump - tool for printing the contents of a TDB file
tdbtool - manipulate the contents TDB files
timeout - run a command with a time limit
twistd3 - run Twisted applications (TACs, TAPs)
ucs2any - generate BDF fonts containing subsets of ISO 10646-1 codepoints
udevadm - udev management tool
unshare - run program in new namespaces
uuidgen - create a new UUID value
viewres - graphical class browser for Xt
vimdiff - edit between two and eight versions of a file with Vim and show differences
whereis - locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command
wish8.6 - Simple windowing shell
xmllint - command line XML tool
xmodmap - utility for modifying keymaps and pointer button mappings in X
xzegrep - search compressed files for a regular expression
xzfgrep - search compressed files for a regular expression
zipgrep - search files in a ZIP archive for lines matching a pattern
zipinfo - list detailed information about a ZIP archive
zipnote - write the comments in zipfile to stdout, edit comments and rename files in zipfile
zstdcat - zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress .zst files
aptitude - high-level interface to the package manager
apt-mark - show, set and unset various settings for a package
arborist - the npm tree doctor
atophide - partly copy raw log file and/or anonymize raw log
autoconf - Generate configuration scripts
autom4te - Generate files and scripts thanks to M4
automake - manual page for automake 1.16.5
autoscan - Generate a preliminary configure.ac
basename - strip directory and suffix from filenames
bdftopcf - convert X font from Bitmap Distribution Format to Portable Compiled Format
bpftrace - a high-level tracing language
cacademo - libcaca's demonstration applications
cacafire - libcaca's demonstration applications
cacaplay - play libcaca files
cacaview - ASCII image browser
cloud-id - Report the canonical cloud-id for this instance
codepage - extract a codepage from an MSDOS codepage file
corelist - a commandline frontend to Module::CoreList
cppcheck - Tool for static C/C++ code analysis
cpupower - Shows and sets processor power related values
c_rehash - Create symbolic links to files named by the hash values
ddrescue - data recovery tool
delaunay - constructs the constrained Delaunay triangulation of the input
dh_clean - clean up package build directories
dh_icons - Update caches of Freedesktop icons
dh_strip - strip executables, shared libraries, and some static libraries
dijkstra - single-source distance filter for Graphviz
docutils - generic command line interface for the docutils packageView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
dpkg-deb - Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool
dumpkeys - dump keyboard translation tables
encguess - guess character encodings of files
envsubst - substitutes environment variables in shell format strings
es2_info - list OpenGL ES extensions
fakeroot - run a command in an environment faking root privileges for file manipulation
fc-cache - build font information cache files
fc-match - match available fonts
fc-query - query font files
fwupdmgr - (unknown subject)
gencnval - compile the converters aliases file
getfattr - get extended attributes of filesystem objects
gfortran - GNU Fortran compiler
glxgears - ``gears'' demo for GLX
glxheads - exercise multiple GLX connections
gpgsplit - Split an OpenPGP message into packets
growpart - extend a partition in a partition table to fill available space
gts2oogl - converts a GTS file to OOGL file format (Geomview).
gtscheck - checks that a surface defines a closed, orientable non self-intersecting manifold.
gvmap.sh - pipeline for running gvmap
hardlink - link multiple copies of a file
hostname - show or set the system's host name
identify - describes the format and characteristics of one or more image files.
ischroot - detect if running in a chroot
iscsiadm - open-iscsi administration utility
istanbul - a JS code coverage tool written in JS
jconsole - start a graphical console to monitor and manage Java applications
jpackage - tool for packaging self-contained Java applications.
kbd_mode - report or set the keyboard mode
kmodsign - Kernel module signing tool
lessecho - expand metacharacters
lessfile - "input preprocessor" for less.
lesspipe - "input preprocessor" for less.
loadkeys - load keyboard translation tables
loginctl - Control the systemd login manager
lrelease - generate Qt message files from Qt Linguist translation files
lslogins - display information about known users in the system
lto-dump - Tool for dumping LTO object files
lwp-dump - See what headers and content is returned for a URL
lzmainfo - show information stored in the .lzma file header
makeconv - compile a converter table
manifest - import or export a package list
mdsearch - Run Spotlight searches against an SMB server
memusage - profile memory usage of a program
migspeed - Test the speed of page migration
mimeopen - Open files by mimetype
mimetype - Determine file type
msgmerge - merge message catalog and template
msgunfmt - uncompile message catalog from binary format
neofetch - A fast, highly customizable system info script
ngettext - translate message and choose plural form
node-gyp - - native addon build tool for node
nslookup - query Internet name servers interactively
nsupdate - dynamic DNS update utility
ntfsinfo - dump a file's attributes
ntfswipe - overwrite unused space on an NTFS volume
numastat - Show per-NUMA-node memory statistics for processes and the operating system
parallel - run programs in parallel
pcdindex - renamed to pcdovtoppm
pfbtopfa - Convert Postscript .pfb fonts to .pfa format using ghostscript
pinentry - PIN or pass-phrase entry dialog for GnuPG
pkaction - Get details about a registered action
plymouth - Send commands to plymouthd
pod2html - convert .pod files to .html files
pod2text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
printafm - Print the metrics from a Postscript font in AFM format using ghostscript
printenv - print all or part of environment
profiles - A utility to report and change SIDs in registry files
projinfo - Geodetic object and coordinate operation queries
projsync - Downloading tool of resource files
ps2ascii - Ghostscript translator from PostScript or PDF to ASCII
ps2pdf12 - Convert PostScript to PDF 1.2 (Acrobat 3-and-later compatible) using ghostscript
ps2pdf13 - Convert PostScript to PDF 1.3 (Acrobat 4-and-later compatible) using ghostscript
ps2pdf14 - Convert PostScript to PDF 1.4 (Acrobat 5-and-later compatible) using ghostscript
ps2pdfwr - Convert PostScript to PDF without specifying CompatibilityLevel, using ghostscript
ptardiff - program that diffs an extracted archive against an unextracted one
ptargrep - Apply pattern matching to the contents of files in a tar archive
py3clean - removes .pyc and .pyo files
pytest-3 - pytest usage
readlink - print resolved symbolic links or canonical file names
realpath - print the resolved path
rst2html - convert reST documents to XHTMLView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
sbattach - UEFI secure boot detached signature tool
sbverify - UEFI secure boot verification tool
scandeps - Scan file prerequisites
setfattr - set extended attributes of filesystem objects
setupcon - sets up the font and the keyboard on the console
sg_ident - send SCSI REPORT/SET IDENTIFYING INFORMATION command
sg_map26 - map SCSI generic (sg) device to corresponding device names
sg_modes - reads mode pages with SCSI MODE SENSE command
sg_reset - sends SCSI device, target, bus or host reset; or checks reset state
sg_safte - access SCSI Accessed Fault-Tolerant Enclosure (SAF-TE) device
sg_start - send SCSI START STOP UNIT command: start, stop, load or eject medium
sg_unmap - send SCSI UNMAP command (known as 'trim' in ATA specs)
sg_xcopy - copy data to and from files and devices using SCSI EXTENDED COPY (XCOPY)
sharesec - Set or get share ACLs
shmemc++ - Open SHMEM C++ wrapper compiler
shmemcxx - Open SHMEM C++ wrapper compiler
shmemrun - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open MPI. oshrun, shmemrun - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open SHMEM.
smbcacls - Set or get ACLs on an NT file or directory names
smbspool - send a print file to an SMB printer
ss-local - shadowsocks client as socks5 proxy, libev port
ss-redir - shadowsocks client as transparent proxy, libev port
sudoedit - execute a command as another user
tapestat - Report tape statistics.
tclsh8.6 - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter
tempfile - create a temporary file in a safe manner
testparm - check an smb.conf configuration file for internal correctness
truncate - shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size
tzselect - view timezones
unexpand - convert spaces to tabs
unzipsfx - self-extracting stub for prepending to ZIP archives
updatedb - update a database for plocate
usbreset - send a USB port reset to a USB device
utmpdump - dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format
vimtutor - the Vim tutor
whiptail - display dialog boxes from shell scripts
xdg-mime - command line tool for querying information about file type handling and adding descriptions for new file types
xdg-open - opens a file or URL in the user's preferred application
xdpyinfo - display information utility for X
xdriinfo - query configuration information of DRI drivers
xfontsel - point and click selection of X11 font names
xgettext - extract gettext strings from source
xlsatoms - list interned atoms defined on server
xlsfonts - server font list displayer for X
xmessage - display a message or query in a window (X-based /bin/echo)
xrefresh - refresh all or part of an X screen
xsetmode - set the mode for an X Input device
xsetroot - root window parameter setting utility for X
xstdcmap - X standard colormap utility
xvidtune - video mode tuner for Xorg
xwininfo - window information utility for X
zipcloak - encrypt entries in a zipfile
zipsplit - split a zipfile into smaller zipfiles
zstdgrep - print lines matching a pattern in zstandard-compressed files
zstdless - view zstandard-compressed files
addr2line - convert addresses or symbol+offset into file names and line numbers
apt-cache - query the APT cache
apt-cdrom - APT CD-ROM management utility
autopoint - copies standard gettext infrastructure
babeljs-7 - The compiler for writing next generation JavaScript
broadwayd - Broadway display server
btrfstune - tune various filesystem parameters
captoinfo - convert a termcap description into a terminfo description
cifscreds - manage NTLM credentials in kernel keyring
composite - overlaps one image over another.
dbus-send - Send a message to a message bus
deallocvt - deallocate unused virtual consoles
debugedit - debug source path manipulation tool
dh_numpy3 - adds Numpy depends to python:Depends substvar
dircolors - color setup for ls
dpkg-name - rename Debian packages to full package names
eatmydata - transparently disable fsync() and other data-to-disk synchronization calls
edgepaint - edge coloring to disambiguate crossing edges
escodegen - ECMAScript code generator
faked-tcp - daemon that remembers fake ownership/permissions of files manipulated by fakeroot processes.
fallocate - preallocate or deallocate space to a file
fgconsole - print the number of the active VT.
fwupdtool - (unknown subject)
gcc-ar-13 - a wrapper around ar adding the --plugin option
gcc-nm-13 - a wrapper around nm adding the --plugin option
gcov-dump - offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool
gcov-tool - offline gcda profile processing tool
git-shell - Restricted login shell for Git-only SSH access
gpg-agent - Secret key management for GnuPG
gresource - GResource tool
grub-file - check file type
gsettings - GSettings configuration tool
helpztags - generate the help tags file for directory
hollywood - fill your console with Hollywood melodrama technobabble
imagetops - generic image to ps filter
img2sixel - image converter to DEC SIXEL graphics
infotocap - convert a terminfo description into a termcap description
instmodsh - A shell to examine installed modules
jarsigner - sign and verify Java Archive (JAR) files
jdeprscan - static analysis tool that scans a jar file (or some other aggregation of class files) for uses of deprecated API elements
JxrDecApp - JPEG XR Decoder Utility
JxrEncApp - JPEG XR Encoder Utility
libnetcfg - configure libnet
localectl - Control the system locale and keyboard layout settings
localedef - compile locale definition files
mkfontdir - create an index of X font files in a directory
mk_modmap - translate a Linux keytable file into an xmodmap file
msgattrib - attribute matching and manipulation on message catalog
msgfilter - edit translations of message catalog
nc-config - query netCDF build options
niLicense - register a license key for OpenNI middleware modules
nmblookup - NetBIOS over TCP/IP client used to lookup NetBIOS names
nm-online - ask NetworkManager whether the network is connected
ompi_info - Display information about the Open MPI installation
orte-info - Display information about the ORTE installation
paperconf - print paper configuration information
patchwork - filter for drawing clustered graphs as treemaps
pg_config - retrieve information about the installed version of PostgreSQL
pod2usage - print usage messages from embedded pod docs in files
pollinate - an Entropy-as-a-Service client
psfxtable - handle Unicode character tables for console fonts
pydoc3.12 - the Python documentation tool
pyflakes3 - simple Python 3 source checker
pystache3 - Render a mustache template with the given context.
py.test-3 - pytest usage
qtchooser - a wrapper used to select between Qt development binary versions
quickbook - WikiWiki style documentation tool geared towards C++ documentation
rename.ul - rename files
rpcclient - tool for executing client side MS-RPC functions
rst2html4 - convert reST documents to XHTMLView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
rst2html5 - convert reST documents to HTML 5View document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
rst2latex - convert reST documents to LaTeXView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
rst2xetex - convert reST documents to XeLaTeXView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
rsync-ssl - a helper script for connecting to an ssl rsync daemon
run-parts - run scripts or programs in a directory
sbkeysync - UEFI secure boot key synchronization tool
sbsiglist - Create EFI_SIGNATURE_LIST signature databases
sbvarsign - UEFI authenticated variable signing tool
scsi_satl - check SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) device support
scsi_stop - stop (spin down) one or more SCSI disks
serialver - return the f[V]serialVersionUIDf[R] for one or more classes in a form suitable for copying into an evolving class
sg_bg_ctl - send SCSI BACKGROUND CONTROL command
sg_format - format, format with preset, resize SCSI disk; format tape
sg_verify - invoke SCSI VERIFY command(s) on a block device
sha224sum - compute and check SHA224 message digest
sha256sum - compute and check SHA256 message digest
sha384sum - compute and check SHA384 message digest
sha512sum - compute and check SHA512 message digest
shmemfort - Open SHMEM Fortran wrapper compiler
smbclient - ftp-like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers
smbpasswd - The Samba encrypted password file
smbstatus - report on current Samba connections
sosreport - Collect and package diagnostic and support data
speedtest - Command line interface for testing internet bandwidth using speedtest.net
splitfont - extract characters from an ISO-type font.
ssh-agent - OpenSSH authentication agent
ssh-argv0 - replaces the old ssh command-name as hostname handling
ss-server - shadowsocks server, libev port
ss-tunnel - shadowsocks tools for local port forwarding, libev port
streamzip - create a zip file from stdin
systemctl - Control the systemd system and service manager
tdbbackup - tool for backing up and for validating the integrity of samba .tdb files
trace-cmd - interacts with Ftrace Linux kernel internal tracer
tracepath - traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path
transform - apply geometric transformations to the input.
tty-clock - a terminal digital clock
turbostat - Report processor frequency and idle statistics
uclampset - manipulate the utilization clamping attributes of the system or a process
udisksctl - The udisks command line tool
unflatten - adjust directed graphs to improve layout aspect ratio
uuidparse - a utility to parse unique identifiers
xdg-email - command line tool for sending mail using the user's preferred e-mail composer
aa-enabled - test whether AppArmor is enabled
aasavefont - aalib example programs
apport-bug - file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing report
apport-cli - Apport user interfaces for reporting problems
apt-config - APT Configuration Query program
autoheader - Create a template header for configure
autoreconf - Update generated configuration files
autoupdate - Update a configure.ac to a newer Autoconf
babeltrace - Babeltrace Trace Viewer and Converter
byobu-tmux - Launch byobu with tmux as the backend
cacaserver - telnet server for libcaca
chardetect - universal character encoding detector
cifsiostat - Report CIFS statistics.
cloud-init - Cloud instance initialization
containerd - (unknown subject)
cvtsudoers - convert between sudoers file formats
dh_install - install files into package build directories
dh_lintian - install lintian override files into package build directories
dh_md5sums - generate DEBIAN/md5sums file
dh_missing - check for missing files
dh_testdir - test directory before building Debian package
domainname - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name
dpkg-query - a tool to query the dpkg database
dpkg-split - Debian package archive split/join tool
efibootmgr - change the UEFI Boot Manager configuration
esgenerate - ECMAScript code generator
esvalidate - ECMAScript Validator using Esprima
faked-sysv - daemon that remembers fake ownership/permissions of files manipulated by fakeroot processes.
fc-pattern - parse and show pattern
fonttosfnt - Wrap a bitmap font in a sfnt (TrueType) wrapper
fusermount - mount and unmount FUSE filesystems
gcc-ranlib - a wrapper around ranlib adding the --plugin option
getcifsacl - Userspace helper to display an ACL in a security descriptor for Common Internet File System (CIFS)
gettextize - install or upgrade gettext infrastructure
gp-archive - Archive gprofng experiment data
graphml2gv - GRAPHML-DOT converter
grub-mount - export GRUB filesystem with FUSE
gtk-launch - Launch an application
gtscompare - compare two GTS files.
gts-config - defines values for programs using gts.
handlebars - Extension to the Mustache templating language
import-im6 - saves any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire screen, or any rectangular portion of the screen.
journalctl - Print log entries from the systemd journal
jrunscript - run a command-line script shell that supports interactive and batch modes
jwebserver - launch the Java Simple Web Server
libtoolize - Prepare a package to use libtool
loadunimap - load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
lowntfs-3g - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
lwp-mirror - Simple mirror utility
man-recode - 将手册页转换为另一种编码
mksquashfs - tool to create and append to squashfs filesystems
mountpoint - see if a directory or file is a mountpoint
mtr-packet - send and receive network probes
nc.openbsd - arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
networkctl - Query or modify the status of network links
nmtui-edit - Text User Interface for controlling NetworkManager
nvidia-smi - NVIDIA System Management Interface program
ompi-clean - Cleans up any stale processes and files leftover from Open MPI jobs.
orte-clean - Cleans up any stale processes and files leftover from Open MPI jobs.
pango-view - "Pango text viewer"
pastebinit - command-line pastebin client
perl5.38.2 - The Perl 5 language interpreter
perlthanks - how to submit bug reports on Perl
pkg-config - a system for configuring build dependency information
pkttyagent - Textual authentication helper
po2debconf - merge master templates file and PO files
podchecker - check the syntax of POD format documentation files
pstree.x11 - display a tree of processes
py3compile - byte compile Python 3 source files
pydocstyle - pydocstyle Documentation
pygettext3 - Python equivalent of xgettext(1)
pygmentize - highlights the input file
python3.12 - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
resizecons - change kernel idea of the console size
resizepart - tell the kernel about the new size of a partition
resolvectl - Resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS resource records, and services; introspect and reconfigure the DNS resolver
samba-tool - Main Samba administration tool.
screendump - dump the contents of a virtual console to stdout
scriptlive - re-run session typescripts, using timing information
scsi_ready - do SCSI TEST UNIT READY on devices
scsi_start - start one or more SCSI disks
setcifsacl - Userspace helper to alter components of a security descriptor for Common Internet File System (CIFS)
setlogcons - Send kernel messages to console N
sg_opcodes - report supported SCSI commands or task management functions
sg_persist - use SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE command to access registrations and reservations
sg_prevent - send SCSI PREVENT ALLOW MEDIUM REMOVAL command
sg_readcap - send SCSI READ CAPACITY command
sg_rep_pip - send SCSI REPORT PROVISIONING INITIALIZATION PATTERN command
sg_write_x - SCSI WRITE normal/ATOMIC/SAME/SCATTERED/STREAM, ORWRITE commands
sg_wr_mode - write (modify) SCSI mode page
smb2-quota - Userspace helper to display quota information for the Linux SMB client file system (CIFS)
smbcontrol - send messages to smbd, nmbd or winbindd processes
smbcquotas - Set or get QUOTAs of NTFS 5 shares
ssh-keygen - OpenSSH authentication key utility
ss-manager - ss-server controller for multi-user management and traffic statistics
stream-im6 - a lightweight tool to stream one or more pixel components of the image or portion of the image to your choice of storage formats.
sudoreplay - replay sudo session logs
tap-parser - Test-Anything-Protocol parser for Node.js
tdbrestore - tool for creating a TDB file out of a tdbdump output
testlibraw - run basic functionality tests on libraw1394
traceproto - print the route packets trace to network host
traceroute - print the route packets trace to network host
ubuntu-bug - file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing report
uncompress - compress or expand files
uncrustify - C, C++, C#, D, Java and Pawn source code beautifier
unsquashfs - tool to uncompress, extract and list squashfs filesystems
varlinkctl - Introspect with and invoke Varlink services
watchgnupg - Read and print logs from a socket
xlsclients - list client applications running on a display
xmlcatalog - Command line tool to parse and manipulate XML or SGML catalog files.
zipdetails - display the internal structure of zip files
animate-im6 - animates an image or image sequence on any X server.
atopconvert - convert raw log file to newer version
bdftruncate - generate truncated BDF font from ISO 10646-1-encoded BDF font
btrfs-image - create/restore an image of the filesystem
byobu-quiet - Silence all of Byobu's status indicators and eliminate the hardstatus line
byobu-shell - Print the message of the day and launch a shell
compare-im6 - mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction.
conjure-im6 - interprets and executes scripts written in the Magick Scripting Language (MSL).
convert-im6 - convert between image formats as well as resize an image, blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more.
cpio-filter - transform a cpio archive
curl-config - Get information about a libcurl installation
dbus-daemon - Message bus daemon
dbwrap_tool - low level TDB/CTDB manipulation tool using the dbwrap interface
ddrescuelog - tool for ddrescue mapfiles
dh_bugfiles - install bug reporting customization files into package build directories
dh_builddeb - build Debian binary packages
dh_compress - compress files and fix symlinks in package build directories
dh_fixperms - fix permissions of files in package build directories
dh_testroot - ensure that a package is built with necessary level of root permissions
dh_usrlocal - migrate usr/local directories to maintainer scripts
display-im6 - displays an image or image sequence on any X server.
distro-info - provides information about the distributions' releases
dpkg-divert - override a package's version of a file
dpkg-source - Debian source package (.dsc) manipulation tool
dpkg-vendor - queries information about distribution vendors
efibootdump - dump a boot entries from a variable or a file
fc-conflist - list the configuration files processed by Fontconfig
fc-validate - validate font files
fusermount3 - mount and unmount FUSE filesystems
gdal-config - Determines various information about a GDAL installation.
geos-config - returns information about installed GEOS libraries and binaries
getkeycodes - print kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table
ghostscript - Ghostscript (PostScript and PDF language interpreter and previewer)
grub-fstest - debug tool for GRUB filesystem drivers
grub-mkfont - make GRUB font files
gtstemplate - generates of a template used to create new object classes.
hostnamectl - Control the system hostname
infobrowser - read Info documents
lsb_release - print distribution-specific information (minimal implementation).
lsinitramfs - list content of an initramfs image
lto-dump-13 - Tool for dumping LTO object files
lttng-crash - Recover and read LTTng trace buffers in the event of a crash
lwp-request - Simple command line user agent
markdown_py - a Python implementation of John Gruber's Markdown.
mkfontscale - create an index of scalable font files for X
mogrify-im6 - resize an image, blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more. Mogrify overwrites the original image file, whereas, convert-im6.q16(1) writes to a diff...
montage-im6 - create a composite image by combining several separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image optionally adorned with a border, frame, image name, and more.
notify-send - a program to send desktop notifications
ntfscluster - identify files in a specified region of an NTFS volume.
ntfsdecrypt - decrypt or update NTFS files encrypted according to EFS
ntfsrecover - Recover updates committed by Windows on an NTFS volume
ntfsusermap - NTFS Building a User Mapping File
ompi-server - Server for supporting name publish/lookup operations.
on_ac_power - test whether computer is running on AC power
oshmem_info - Display information about the Open MPI installation
pcap-config - write libpcap compiler and linker flags to standard output
psfaddtable - add a Unicode character table to a console font
psfgettable - extract the embedded Unicode character table from a console font
py3versions - print python3 version information
qmi-network - Simple network management of QMI devices
regjsparser - Parser of Javascript regular expressions
rmiregistry - create and start a remote object registry on the specified port on the current host
rstpep2html - convert reST Python Enhancement Proposals to HTMLView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
sar.sysstat - Collect, report, or save system activity information.
scsi_mandat - check SCSI device support for mandatory commands
sdl2-config - script to get information about the installed version of SDL
setkeycodes - load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries
setmetamode - define the keyboard meta key handling
sg_reassign - send SCSI REASSIGN BLOCKS command
sg_requests - send one or more SCSI REQUEST SENSE commands
sg_reset_wp - send SCSI RESET WRITE POINTER command
sg_sanitize - remove all user data from disk with SCSI SANITIZE command
sg_senddiag - performs a SCSI SEND DIAGNOSTIC command
slirp4netns - User-mode networking for unprivileged network namespaces
speedometer - measure and display the rate of data across a network connection
ssh-copy-id - use locally available keys to authorise logins on a remote machine
ssh-keyscan - gather SSH public keys from servers
systemd-cat - Connect a pipeline or program's output with the journal
systemd-run - Run programs in transient scope units, service units, or path-, socket-, or timer-triggered service units
timedatectl - Control the system time and date
traceroute6 - print the route packets trace to network host
usb-devices - print USB device details
usbhid-dump - dump USB HID device report descriptors and streams
wifi-status - monitor the wireless interface
www-browser - a text based web browser and pager
xml2-config - script to get information about the installed version of GNOME-XML
xsetpointer - set an X Input device as the main pointer
aclocal-1.16 - manual page for aclocal 1.16.5
appstreamcli - Handle AppStream metadata formats and query AppStream data
apt-sortpkgs - Utility to sort package index files
babeljs-node - CLI that works exactly the same as the Node.js CLI, with the added benefit of compiling with Babel presets and plugins before running it
browserslist - The config to share target browsers and Node.js versions
byobu-config - Configuration utility for byobu
byobu-ctrl-a - Configure Byobu's ctrl-a behavior
byobu-enable - wrapper script for enabling/disabling automatic startup of byobu after login into text console
byobu-export - DEPRECATED
byobu-launch - Byobu Launcher
byobu-layout - Save and restore byobu-tmux layouts
byobu-prompt - add and remove a nice color prompt with a previous command timer to your shell configuration
byobu-screen - Launch byobu with screen as the backend
byobu-silent - Silence all of Byobu's status indicators, eliminate the hardstatus line, and the window list
byobu-status - displays status suitable for printing by the BYOBU_BACKEND
byobu-ugraph - helper script for notification history graphs
byobu-ulevel - helper script for notification level indicators
bzip2recover - recovers data from damaged bzip2 files
ccze-cssdump - Dump CCZE color setup into CSS format
dbus-monitor - debug probe to print message bus messages
dbus-uuidgen - Utility to generate UUIDs
debconf-show - query the debconf database
dh_assistant - tool for supporting debhelper tools and provide introspection
dh_auto_test - automatically runs a package's test suites
dh_installwm - register a window manager
dh_movefiles - move files out of debian/tmp into subpackages
dh_movetousr - canonicalize location according to merged-/usr
dh_shlibdeps - calculate shared library dependencies
dpkg-trigger - a package trigger utility
fakeroot-tcp - run a command in an environment faking root privileges for file manipulation
gapplication - D-Bus application launcher
gcov-dump-13 - offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool
gcov-tool-13 - offline gcda profile processing tool
glib-mkenums - C language enum description generation utility
gpgparsemail - Parse a mail message into an annotated format
grub-editenv - edit GRUB environment block
grub-kbdcomp - generate a GRUB keyboard layout file
grub-mkimage - make a bootable image of GRUB
identify-im6 - describes the format and characteristics of one or more image files.
install-info - update info/dir entries
iptables-xml - Convert iptables-save format to XML
lttng-gen-tp - Generate LTTng-UST tracepoint provider code
lttng-relayd - LTTng relay daemon
lwp-download - Fetch large files from the web
mbim-network - Simple network management of MBIM devices
memusagestat - generate graphic from memory profiling data
migratepages - Migrate the physical location a processes pages
mysql_config - display options for compiling clients
npm-arborist - the npm tree doctor
ntfssecaudit - NTFS Security Data Auditing
ntfstruncate - truncate a file on an NTFS volume
opal_wrapper - Open PAL C++ wrapper compiler
pcre2-config - program to return PCRE2 configuration
qt-faststart - utility for Quicktime files
run-this-one - run just one instance at a time of some command and unique set of arguments (useful for cronjobs, eg)
scriptreplay - play back typescripts, using timing information
scsi_readcap - do SCSI READ CAPACITY command on disks
sg_read_attr - send SCSI READ ATTRIBUTE command
sg_read_long - send a SCSI READ LONG command
sg_referrals - send SCSI REPORT REFERRALS command
sg_rep_zones - send SCSI REPORT ZONES command
sg_timestamp - report or set timestamp on SCSI device
showfigfonts - prints a list of available figlet fonts
systemd-cgls - Recursively show control group contents
systemd-hwdb - hardware database management tool
systemd-path - List and query system and user paths
unicode_stop - revert keyboard and console from unicode mode
xdg-settings - get various settings from the desktop environment
xdg-user-dir - Find an XDG user dir
ypdomainname - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name
apport-unpack - extract the fields of a problem report to separate files
automake-1.16 - manual page for automake 1.16.5
btrfs-convert - convert from ext2/3/4 or reiserfs filesystem to btrfs in-place
byobu-disable - wrapper script for enabling/disabling automatic startup of byobu after login into text console
byobu-janitor - script for cleaning and upgrading environment after upgrades
clear_console - clear the console
composite-im6 - overlaps one image over another.
dh_auto_build - automatically builds a package
dh_auto_clean - automatically cleans up after a build
dh_autoreconf - Call autoreconf -f -i and keep track of the changed files.
dh_gencontrol - generate and install control file
dh_installdeb - install files into the DEBIAN directory
dh_installman - install man pages into package build directories
dh_installppp - install ppp ip-up and ip-down files
dh_makeshlibs - automatically create shlibs file and call dpkg-gensymbols
dnsdomainname - show the system's DNS domain name
dpkg-buildapi - returns the build API level to use during package build
dpkg-realpath - print the resolved pathname with DPKG_ROOT support
fakeroot-sysv - run a command in an environment faking root privileges for file manipulation
figlet-figlet - display large characters made up of ordinary screen characters
figlet-toilet - display large colourful characters
gcc-ranlib-13 - a wrapper around ranlib adding the --plugin option
gdbus-codegen - D-Bus code and documentation generator
ginstall-info - update info/dir entries
gobject-query - display a tree of types
grub-glue-efi - generate a fat binary for EFI
grub-mklayout - generate a GRUB keyboard layout file
grub-mknetdir - prepare a GRUB netboot directory.
grub-mkrescue - make a GRUB rescue image
h5pcc.openmpi - helper script to compile HDF5 C applications
h5pfc.openmpi - helper script to compile HDF5 Fortran applications
icuexportdata - Writes text files with Unicode properties data from ICU.
linux-version - operate on Linux kernel version strings
mpicc.openmpi - Open MPI C++ wrapper compiler
mpiCC.openmpi - Open MPI C++ wrapper compiler
nisdomainname - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name
nmtui-connect - Text User Interface for controlling NetworkManager
ntfs-3g.probe - Probe an NTFS volume mountability
ntfsfallocate - preallocate space to a file on an NTFS volume
oLschema2ldif - Converts LDAP schema's to LDB-compatible LDIF
psfstriptable - remove the embedded Unicode character table from a console font
pygettext3.12 - Python equivalent of xgettext(1)
rst2pseudoxml - convert reST documents to pseudo-XMLView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
rst-buildhtml - convert many reST documents to HTMLView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
samba-regedit - ncurses based tool to manage the Samba registry
select-editor - select your default sensible-editor from all installed editors
sg_get_config - send SCSI GET CONFIGURATION command (MMC-4 +)
sg_stream_ctl - send SCSI STREAM CONTROL or GET STREAM STATUS command
sg_test_rwbuf - test a SCSI host adapter by issuing dummy writes and reads
sg_write_long - send SCSI WRITE LONG command
sg_write_same - send SCSI WRITE SAME command
sos-collector - Collect sos reports from multiple (cluster) nodes
speedtest-cli - Command line interface for testing internet bandwidth using speedtest.net
ssh-import-id - retrieve one or more public keys from a public keyserver and append them to the current user's authorized_keys file (or some other specified file)
systemd-cgtop - Show top control groups by their resource usage
systemd-creds - Lists, shows, encrypts and decrypts service credentials
systemd-delta - Find overridden configuration files
systemd-id128 - Generate and print sd-128 identifiers
systemd-mount - Establish and destroy transient mount or auto-mount points
tcltk-depends - calculates Tcl/Tk dependencies
traceproto.db - print the route packets trace to network host
traceroute.db - print the route packets trace to network host
unicode_start - put keyboard and console in unicode mode
unmkinitramfs - extract content from an initramfs image
vtkpython-9.0 - manual page for vtkPython 3.9.0+ : VTK-Wrapper for Python
apport-collect - file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing report
apt-ftparchive - Utility to generate index files
babeljs-7-node - CLI that works exactly the same as the Node.js CLI, with the added benefit of compiling with Babel presets and plugins before running it
babeltrace-log - Babeltrace Log Converter
byobu-launcher - Byobu Launcher
cloud-init-per - Run a command with arguments at a specific frequency
debconf-copydb - copy a debconf database
debconf-escape - helper when working with debconf's escape capability
dh_installcron - install cron scripts into etc/cron.*
dh_installdirs - create subdirectories in package build directories
dh_installdocs - install documentation into package build directories
dh_installinfo - install info files
dh_installinit - install service init files into package build directories
dh_installmenu - install Debian menu files into package build directories
dh_installmime - install mime files into package build directories
dh_installudev - install udev rules files
dh_python3-ply - generate versioned dependencies on python3-ply
dirmngr-client - Tool to access the Dirmngr services
dpkg-buildtree - helper for build tree operations during package builds
dpkg-shlibdeps - generate shared library substvar dependencies
find-debuginfo - finds debuginfo and processes it
gp-collect-app - Collect performance data for the target application
gp-display-src - Display source code and optionally disassembly of the target object
gpg-wks-client - Client for the Web Key Service
grub-mkrelpath - make a system path relative to its root
gtester-report - test report formatting utility
import-im6.q16 - saves any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire screen, or any rectangular portion of the screen.
kernel-install - Add and remove kernel and initrd images to and from /boot
lttng-sessiond - LTTng session daemon
mpic++.openmpi - Open MPI C++ wrapper compiler
mpicxx.openmpi - Open MPI C++ wrapper compiler
mpif77.openmpi - Deprecated Open MPI Fortran wrapper compilers
mpif90.openmpi - Deprecated Open MPI Fortran wrapper compilers
mpirun.openmpi - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open MPI. oshrun, shmemrun - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open SHMEM.
nmtui-hostname - Text User Interface for controlling NetworkManager
node-coveralls - report coverage to coveralls.io service
nvidia-xconfig - manipulate X configuration files for the NVIDIA driver
python3-config - output build options for python C/C++ extensions or embedding
sensible-pager - sensible paging
sepdebugcrcfix - fixes CRC for separate .debug files
sg_read_buffer - send SCSI READ BUFFER command
stream-im6.q16 - a lightweight tool to stream one or more pixel components of the image or portion of the image to your choice of storage formats.
systemd-escape - Escape strings for usage in systemd unit names
systemd-notify - Notify service manager about start-up completion and other daemon status changes
systemd-repart - Automatically grow and add partitions
systemd-sysext - Activates System Extension Images
systemd-umount - Establish and destroy transient mount or auto-mount points
traceroute6.db - print the route packets trace to network host
vmware-checkvm - Check if running in a VM or not
wpa_passphrase - Generate a WPA PSK from an ASCII passphrase for a SSID
aa-features-abi - Extract, validate and manipulate AppArmor feature abis
animate-im6.q16 - animates an image or image sequence on any X server.
aptitude-curses - high-level interface to the package manager
btrfs-find-root - filter to find btrfs root
compare-im6.q16 - mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction.
conjure-im6.q16 - interprets and executes scripts written in the Magick Scripting Language (MSL).
convert-im6.q16 - convert between image formats as well as resize an image, blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more.
dh_auto_install - automatically runs make install or similar
dh_listpackages - list binary packages debhelper will act on
dh_perl_openssl - add dependencies required for OpenSSL modules
display-im6.q16 - displays an image or image sequence on any X server.
dpkg-buildflags - returns build flags to use during package build
dpkg-genchanges - generate Debian .changes files
dpkg-gencontrol - generate Debian control files
dpkg-gensymbols - generate symbols files (shared library dependency information)
git-upload-pack - Send objects packed back to git-fetch-pack
glib-genmarshal - C code marshaller generation utility for GLib closures
glib-gettextize - gettext internationalization utility
gp-display-html - Generate an HTML based directory structure to browse the profiles
gp-display-text - Display the performance data in plain text format
mogrify-im6.q16 - resize an image, blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more. Mogrify overwrites the original image file, whereas, convert-im6.q16(1) writes to a diff...
montage-im6.q16 - create a composite image by combining several separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image optionally adorned with a border, frame, image name, and more.
mpiexec.openmpi - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open MPI. oshrun, shmemrun - Execute serial and parallel jobs in Open SHMEM.
mpifort.openmpi - Open MPI Fortran wrapper compiler
pinentry-curses - PIN or pass-phrase entry dialog for GnuPG
recode-sr-latin - convert Serbian text from Cyrillic to Latin script
sensible-editor - launch sensibly chosen text editor
sg_copy_results - send SCSI RECEIVE COPY RESULTS command (XCOPY related)
sg_decode_sense - decode SCSI sense and related data
sg_emc_trespass - change ownership of SCSI LUN from another Service-Processor to this one
sg_sat_identify - send ATA IDENTIFY DEVICE command via SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) layer
sg_write_buffer - send SCSI WRITE BUFFER commands
sg_write_verify - send the SCSI WRITE AND VERIFY command
showconsolefont - Show the current EGA/VGA console screen font
systemd-analyze - Analyze and debug system manager
systemd-confext - Activates System Extension Images
systemd-inhibit - Execute a program with an inhibition lock taken
vmware-xferlogs - dump vm-support output to vmx logfile
vtkWrapJava-9.1 - please refer to VTK documentation
xdg-screensaver - command line tool for controlling the screensaver
dbus-run-session - start a process as a new D-Bus session
debconf-updatepo - update PO files about debconf templates
dh_installxfonts - register X fonts
dh_systemd_start - start/stop/restart systemd unit files
dpkg-distaddfile - add entries to debian/files
dpkg-scansources - create Sources index files
gio-querymodules - GIO module cache creation
git-receive-pack - Receive what is pushed into the repository
grub-menulst2cfg - transform legacy menu.lst into grub.cfg
gtk-builder-tool - GtkBuilder file utility
identify-im6.q16 - describes the format and characteristics of one or more image files.
inetutils-telnet - user interface to the TELNET protocol
keep-one-running - run just one instance at a time of some command and unique set of arguments (useful for cronjobs, eg)
md5sum.textutils - compute and check MD5 message digest
python3-coverage - measure code coverage of Python program execution
samba-log-parser - Samba (winbind) trace parser.
scsi_temperature - fetch the temperature of a SCSI device
sensible-browser - sensible web browsing
sg_sat_phy_event - use ATA READ LOG EXT via a SAT pass-through to fetch SATA phy event counters
sg_ses_microcode - send microcode to a SCSI enclosure
ssh-import-id-gh - retrieve one or more public keys from a public keyserver and append them to the current user's authorized_keys file (or some other specified file)
ssh-import-id-lp - retrieve one or more public keys from a public keyserver and append them to the current user's authorized_keys file (or some other specified file)
strace-log-merge - merge strace -ff -tt output
systemd-ac-power - Report whether we are connected to an external power source
systemd-sysusers - Allocate system users and groups
systemd-tmpfiles - Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories
traceroute-nanog - print the route packets trace to network host
ubuntu-advantage - Manage Ubuntu Pro services from Canonical
vtkParseJava-9.1 - please refer to VTK documentation
xdg-desktop-icon - command line tool for (un)installing icons to the desktop
xdg-desktop-menu - command line tool for (un)installing desktop menu items
btrfs-map-logical - map btrfs logical extent to physical extent
byobu-keybindings - toggle on/off Byobu's keybindings
composite-im6.q16 - overlaps one image over another.
dh_auto_configure - automatically configure a package prior to building
dh_installdebconf - install files used by debconf in package build directories
dh_installemacsen - register an Emacs add on package
dh_installmodules - register kernel modules
dh_installsystemd - install systemd unit files
dh_systemd_enable - enable/disable systemd unit files
dpkg-architecture - set and determine the architecture for package building
dpkg-buildpackage - build binary or source packages from sources
dpkg-genbuildinfo - generate Debian .buildinfo files
dpkg-scanpackages - create Packages index files
dpkg-statoverride - override ownership and mode of files
gpg-connect-agent - Communicate with a running agent
grub-mkstandalone - make a memdisk-based GRUB image
grub-render-label - generate a .disk_label for Apple Macs.
grub-script-check - check grub.cfg for syntax errors
grub-syslinux2cfg - transform syslinux config into grub.cfg
landscape-sysinfo - Display a summary of the current system status
purge-old-kernels - remove old kernel and header packages from the system
python3.12-config - output build options for python C/C++ extensions or embedding
sensible-terminal - sensible terminal emulator
session-migration - Migrate in user session settings.
sg_get_lba_status - send SCSI GET LBA STATUS(16 or 32) command
sg_sat_read_gplog - use ATA READ LOG EXT command via a SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) layer
systemd-firstboot - Initialize basic system settings on or before the first boot-up of a system
vtkWrapPython-9.1 - please refer to VTK documentation
which.debianutils - locate a command
xdg-icon-resource - command line tool for (un)installing icon resources
add-apt-repository - Adds a repository into the /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/sources.list.d or removes an existing one
apt-add-repository - Adds a repository into the /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/sources.list.d or removes an existing one
btrfs-select-super - overwrite primary superblock with a backup copy
debconf-gettextize - extract translations of debconf templates into PO files
debian-distro-info - provides information about Debian's distributions
deb-systemd-helper - subset of systemctl for machines not running systemd
deb-systemd-invoke - wrapper around systemctl, respecting policy-rc.d
dh_bash-completion - install bash completions for package
dh_installcatalogs - install and register SGML Catalogs
dh_installexamples - install example files into package build directories
dh_installifupdown - install if-up and if-down hooks
dh_installlogcheck - install logcheck rulefiles into etc/logcheck/
dh_installmanpages - old-style man page installer (deprecated)
dh_installsysusers - install and integrates systemd sysusers files
dh_installtmpfiles - install tmpfiles.d configuration files
do-release-upgrade - upgrade operating system to latest release
gdk-pixbuf-csource - C code generation utility for GdkPixbuf images
gdk-pixbuf-pixdata - GDK Pixbuf library
gi-inspect-typelib - Typelib inspection tool
git-upload-archive - Send archive back to git-archive
gtk-query-settings - Utility to print name and value of all GtkSettings properties
pacman4consoleedit - editor to make pacman4console mazes
rescan-scsi-bus.sh - script to add and remove SCSI devices without rebooting
rst2odt_prepstyles - strip paper size specifications off of rst2odt stylesheetsView document source. Generated on: 2023-11-30 11:16 UTC. Generated by Docutils from reStructuredText source.
run-one-constantly - run just one instance at a time of some command and unique set of arguments (useful for cronjobs, eg)
scsi_logging_level - access Linux SCSI logging level information
sg_get_elem_status - send SCSI GET PHYSICAL ELEMENT STATUS command
systemd-cryptsetup - Full disk decryption logic
tap-mocha-reporter - format output of tap using mocha like reporter
tdbbackup.tdbtools - tool for backing up and for validating the integrity of samba .tdb files
ubuntu-distro-info - provides information about Ubuntu's distributions
unattended-upgrade - automatic installation of security (and other) upgrades
vmware-toolbox-cmd - GUI toolbox (commandline version)
byobu-enable-prompt - add and remove a nice color prompt with a previous command timer to your shell configuration
byobu-status-detail - Wrapper that uses a sensible pager
cppcheck-htmlreport - HTML report generator for cppcheck
debconf-communicate - communicate with debconf
dh_autoreconf_clean - Clean all changes made by dh_autoreconf
dh_installgsettings - install GSettings overrides and set dependencies
dh_installinitramfs - install initramfs hooks and setup maintscripts
dh_installlogrotate - install logrotate config files
dpkg-checkbuilddeps - check build dependencies and conflicts
dpkg-parsechangelog - parse Debian changelog files
gtk-builder-convert - Glade file conversion utility
linux-check-removal - check whether removal of a kernel is safe
networkd-dispatcher - Dispatcher service for systemd-networkd connection status changes
podebconf-report-po - send outdated debconf PO files to the last translators
python3.12-coverage - measure code coverage of Python program execution
qmi-firmware-update - Update firmware in QMI devices
sg_sat_set_features - use ATA SET FEATURES command via a SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) layer
systemd-cryptenroll - Enroll PKCS#11, FIDO2, TPM2 token/devices to LUKS2 encrypted volumes
systemd-detect-virt - Detect execution in a virtualized environment
unattended-upgrades - automatic installation of security (and other) upgrades
update-alternatives - maintain symbolic links determining default commands
x86_64-linux-gnu-ar - create, modify, and extract from archives
x86_64-linux-gnu-as - the portable GNU assembler.
x86_64-linux-gnu-ld - The GNU linker
x86_64-linux-gnu-nm - list symbols from object files
apt-extracttemplates - Utility to extract debconf config and templates from Debian packages
byobu-disable-prompt - add and remove a nice color prompt with a previous command timer to your shell configuration
byobu-select-backend - select your default Byobu backend window manager
byobu-select-profile - select your Byobu foreground and background colors
byobu-select-session - select and connect to a byobu session
dbus-cleanup-sockets - clean up leftover sockets in a directory
debconf-apt-progress - install packages using debconf to display a progress bar
dh_installchangelogs - install changelogs into package build directories
dpkg-mergechangelogs - 3-way merge of debian/changelog files
gi-decompile-typelib - Typelib decompiler
glib-compile-schemas - GSettings schema compiler
grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 - generate hashed password for GRUB
podebconf-display-po - display content of a PO file in a debconf interface
sensors-conf-convert - sensors configuration conversion
sg_compare_and_write - send the SCSI COMPARE AND WRITE command
sg_read_block_limits - send SCSI READ BLOCK LIMITS command
systemd-ask-password - Query the user for a system password
systemd-stdio-bridge - D-Bus proxy
update-mime-database - a program to build the Shared MIME-Info database cache
vtkWrapHierarchy-9.1 - please refer to VTK documentation
x86_64-linux-gnu-cpp - The C Preprocessor
x86_64-linux-gnu-dwp - The DWARF packaging utility
x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ - GNU project C and C++ compiler
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc - GNU project C and C++ compiler
xdg-user-dirs-update - Update XDG user dir configuration
dh_installsystemduser - install systemd unit files
dh_installxmlcatalogs - install and register XML catalog files
gi-compile-repository - Typelib compiler
gtk-update-icon-cache - Icon theme caching utility
linux-update-symlinks - maintain symlinks to default kernel and initramfs
run-one-until-failure - run just one instance at a time of some command and unique set of arguments (useful for cronjobs, eg)
run-one-until-success - run just one instance at a time of some command and unique set of arguments (useful for cronjobs, eg)
vtkWrapPythonInit-9.1 - please refer to VTK documentation
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov - coverage testing tool
x86_64-linux-gnu-gold - The GNU ELF linker
x86_64-linux-gnu-size - list section sizes and total size of binary files
byobu-launcher-install - Byobu Launcher installation utility
debconf-set-selections - insert new values into the debconf database
dh_installalternatives - install declarative alternative rules
glib-compile-resources - GLib resource compiler
x86_64-linux-gnu-gprof - display call graph profile data
x86_64-linux-gnu-strip - discard symbols and other data from object files
x86_energy_perf_policy - Manage Energy vs. Performance Policy via x86 Model Specific Registers
byobu-reconnect-sockets - Sourcable script that updates GPG_AGENT_INFO and DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS in the environment
dh_strip_nondeterminism - strip uninteresting, nondeterministic information from files
dpkg-maintscript-helper - works around known dpkg limitations in maintainer scripts
systemd-socket-activate - Test socket activation of daemons
x86_64-linux-gnu-cpp-13 - The C Preprocessor
x86_64-linux-gnu-g++-13 - GNU project C and C++ compiler
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-13 - GNU project C and C++ compiler
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar - a wrapper around ar adding the --plugin option
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm - a wrapper around nm adding the --plugin option
x86_64-linux-gnu-ld.bfd - The GNU linker
x86_64-linux-gnu-ranlib - generate an index to an archive
byobu-launcher-uninstall - Byobu Launcher uninstallation utility
systemd-machine-id-setup - Initialize the machine ID in /etc/machine-id
x86_64-linux-gnu-c++filt - demangle C++ and Java symbols
x86_64-linux-gnu-elfedit - update ELF header and program property of ELF files
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-13 - coverage testing tool
x86_64-linux-gnu-gprofng - The next generation GNU application profiling tool
x86_64-linux-gnu-ld.gold - The GNU ELF linker
x86_64-linux-gnu-objcopy - copy and translate object files
x86_64-linux-gnu-objdump - display information from object files
x86_64-linux-gnu-readelf - display information about ELF files
x86_64-linux-gnu-strings - print the sequences of printable characters in files
aptitude-run-state-bundle - unpack an aptitude state bundle and invoke aptitude on it
cpan5.38-x86_64-linux-gnu - easily interact with CPAN from the command line
perl5.38-x86_64-linux-gnu - The Perl 5 language interpreter
vtkProbeOpenGLVersion-9.1 - please refer to VTK documentation
x86_64-linux-gnu-gfortran - GNU Fortran compiler
x86_64-linux-gnu-lto-dump - Tool for dumping LTO object files
dh_update_autotools_config - Update autotools config files
make-first-existing-target - runs make on one of several targets
x86_64-linux-gnu-addr2line - convert addresses or symbol+offset into file names and line numbers
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar-13 - a wrapper around ar adding the --plugin option
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm-13 - a wrapper around nm adding the --plugin option
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-dump - offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-tool - offline gcda profile processing tool
register-python-argcomplete - register-python-argcomplete - argcomplete utility script
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib - a wrapper around ranlib adding the --plugin option
x86_64-linux-gnu-gp-archive - Archive gprofng experiment data
aptitude-create-state-bundle - bundle the current aptitude state
x86_64-linux-gnu-gfortran-13 - GNU Fortran compiler
x86_64-linux-gnu-lto-dump-13 - Tool for dumping LTO object files
dh_autotools-dev_updateconfig - update config.sub and config.guess
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-dump-13 - offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-tool-13 - offline gcda profile processing tool
dh_autotools-dev_restoreconfig - restore config.sub and config.guess
systemd-tty-ask-password-agent - List or process pending systemd password requests
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib-13 - a wrapper around ranlib adding the --plugin option
x86_64-linux-gnu-gp-collect-app - Collect performance data for the target application
x86_64-linux-gnu-gp-display-src - Display source code and optionally disassembly of the target object
x86_64-linux-gnu-python3-config - output build options for python C/C++ extensions or embedding
migrate-pubring-from-classic-gpg - Migrate a public keyring from "classic" to "modern" GnuPG
x86_64-linux-gnu-gp-display-html - Generate an HTML based directory structure to browse the profiles
x86_64-linux-gnu-gp-display-text - Display the performance data in plain text format
activate-global-python-argcomplete - activate-global-python-argcomplete - argcomplete utility script
dbus-update-activation-environment - update environment used for D-Bus session services
x86_64-linux-gnu-python3.12-config - output build options for python C/C++ extensions or embedding
x86_64-linux-gnu-gi-inspect-typelib - Typelib inspection tool
x86_64-linux-gnu-gi-decompile-typelib - Typelib decompiler
x86_64-linux-gnu-gi-compile-repository - Typelib compiler
python-argcomplete-check-easy-install-script - python-argcomplete-check-easy-install-script - argcomplete utility script

whatis-in-ubuntu-usr-sbin.txt

aa-load - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
aa-remove-unknown (8) - remove unknown AppArmor profiles
aa-status (8)        - display various information about the current AppArmor policy.
aa-teardown (8)      - unload all AppArmor profiles
accessdb (8)         - 以易读的格式转储 man-db 数据库的内容
addgnupghome (8)     - Create .gnupg home directories
addgroup (8)         - add or manipulate users or groups
add-shell (8)        - add shells to the list of valid login shells
adduser (8)          - add or manipulate users or groups
agetty (8)           - alternative Linux getty
alsabat-test - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
alsactl (1)          - advanced controls for ALSA soundcard driver
alsa-info (8)        - command-line utility to gather information about the ALSA subsystem
apparmor_parser (8)  - loads AppArmor profiles into the kernel
apparmor_status (8)  - display various information about the current AppArmor policy.
applygnupgdefaults (8) - Run gpgconf --apply-defaults for all users.
argdist-bpfcc (8)    - Trace a function and display a histogram or frequency count of its parameter values. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
arp (7)              - Linux ARP kernel module.
arpd (8)             - userspace arp daemon.
arptables-nft (8)    - ARP table administration (nft-based)
arptables-nft (8)    - ARP table administration (nft-based)
arptables-nft-restore (8) - Restore ARP Tables (nft-based)
arptables-nft-save (8) - dump arptables rules to stdout (nft-based)
arptables-nft-restore (8) - Restore ARP Tables (nft-based)
arptables-nft-save (8) - dump arptables rules to stdout (nft-based)
atopacctd (8)        - process accounting daemon
avahi-daemon (8)     - The Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD daemon
avcstat (8)          - Display SELinux AVC statistics
badblocks (8)        - search a device for bad blocks
bashreadline-bpfcc (8) - Print entered bash commands system wide. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
bashreadline.bt (8)  - Print bash commands system wide. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
bcache-super-show (8) - Print the bcache superblock
bindsnoop-bpfcc (8)  - Trace bind() system calls.
biolatency-bpfcc (8) - Summarize block device I/O latency as a histogram.
biolatency.bt (8)    - Block I/O latency as a histogram. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
biolatency-kp.bt - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
biolatpcts-bpfcc (8) - Monitor IO latency distribution of a block device.
biopattern-bpfcc (8) - Identify random/sequential disk access patterns.
biosdecode (8)       - BIOS information decoder
biosnoop-bpfcc (8)   - Trace block device I/O and print details incl. issuing PID.
biosnoop.bt (8)      - Block I/O tracing tool, showing per I/O latency. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
biostacks.bt (8)     - Show disk I/O latency with initialization stacks. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
biotop-bpfcc (8)     - Block device (disk) I/O by process top.
bitesize-bpfcc (8)   - Summarize block device I/O size as a histogram - Linux eBPF/bcc.
bitesize.bt (8)      - Show disk I/O size as a histogram. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
blkdeactivate (8)    - utility to deactivate block devices
blkdiscard (8)       - discard sectors on a device
blkid (8)            - locate/print block device attributes
blkzone (8)          - run zone command on a device
blockdev (8)         - call block device ioctls from the command line
bpflist-bpfcc (8)    - Display processes currently using BPF programs and maps.
bpftool (8)          - tool for inspection and simple manipulation of eBPF programs and maps
bridge (8)           - show / manipulate bridge addresses and devices
btrfsdist-bpfcc (8)  - Summarize btrfs operation latency. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
btrfsslower-bpfcc (8) - Trace slow btrfs file operations, with per-event details.
cache_check (8)      - validates cache metadata on a device or file.
cache_dump (8)       - dump cache metadata from device or file to standard output.
cache_metadata_size (8) - Estimate the size of the metadata device needed for a given configuration.
cache_repair (8)     - repair cache binary metadata from device/file to device/file.
cache_restore (8)    - restore cache metadata file to device or file.
cachestat-bpfcc (8)  - Statistics for linux page cache hit/miss ratios. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
cachetop-bpfcc (8)   - Statistics for linux page cache hit/miss ratios per processes. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
cache_writeback (8)  - writeback dirty blocks to the origin device.
capable-bpfcc (8)    - Trace security capability checks (cap_capable()).
capable.bt (8)       - Trace security capability checks (cap_capable()).
capsh (1)            - capability shell wrapper
cfdisk (8)           - display or manipulate a disk partition table
cgdisk (8)           - Curses-based GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator
chat (8)             - Automated conversational script with a modem
chcpu (8)            - configure CPUs
chgpasswd (8)        - 批量更新组密码
chmem (8)            - configure memory
chpasswd (8)         - 批量更新密码
chroot (2)           - change root directory
cifs.idmap (8)       - Userspace helper for mapping ids for Common Internet File System (CIFS)
cifs.upcall (8)      - Userspace upcall helper for Common Internet File System (CIFS)
cobjnew-bpfcc (8)    - Summarize object allocations in high-level languages.
compactsnoop-bpfcc (8) - Trace compact zone events. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
compute_av - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
compute_create - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
compute_member - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
compute_relabel - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
cpgr (8)             - copy with locking the given file to the password or group file
cppw (8)             - copy with locking the given file to the password or group file
cpudist-bpfcc (8)    - On- and off-CPU task time as a histogram.
cpuunclaimed-bpfcc (8) - Sample CPU run queues and calculate unclaimed idle CPU. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
cpuwalk.bt (8)       - Sample which CPUs are executing processes.. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
criticalstat-bpfcc (8) - A tracer to find and report long atomic critical sections in kernel
cron (8)             - daemon to execute scheduled commands (Vixie Cron)
cryptdisks_start (8) - wrapper around cryptsetup that parses /etc/crypttab.
cryptdisks_stop (8)  - wrapper around cryptsetup that parses /etc/crypttab.
cryptsetup (8)       - manage plain dm-crypt, LUKS, and other encrypted volumes
ctrlaltdel (8)       - set the function of the Ctrl-Alt-Del combination
dbslower-bpfcc (8)   - Trace MySQL/PostgreSQL server queries slower than a threshold.
dbstat-bpfcc (8)     - Collect histograms of MySQL/PostgreSQL query latencies.
dcb (8)              - show / manipulate DCB (Data Center Bridging) settings
dcsnoop-bpfcc (8)    - Trace directory entry cache (dcache) lookups. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
dcsnoop.bt (8)       - Trace directory entry cache (dcache) lookups. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
dcstat-bpfcc (8)     - Directory entry cache (dcache) stats. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
deadlock-bpfcc (8)   - Find potential deadlocks (lock order inversions) in a running program.
debugfs (8)          - ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger
delgroup (8)         - remove a user or group from the system
deluser (8)          - remove a user or group from the system
depmod (8)           - Generate modules.dep and map files.
devlink (8)          - Devlink tool
dhclient (8)         - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client
dhclient-script (8)  - DHCP client network configuration script
dhcpcd (8)           - a DHCP client
dirtop-bpfcc (8)     - File reads and writes by directory. Top for directories.
dkms (8)             - Dynamic Kernel Module Support
dmeventd (8)         - Device-mapper event daemon
dmidecode (8)        - DMI table decoder
dmsetup (8)          - low level logical volume management
dmstats (8)          - device-mapper statistics management
dnsmasq (8)          - A lightweight DHCP and caching DNS server.
dosfsck (8)          - check and repair MS-DOS FAT filesystems
dosfslabel (8)       - set or get MS-DOS filesystem label or volume ID
dpkg-preconfigure (8) - let packages ask questions prior to their installation
dpkg-reconfigure (8) - reconfigure an already installed package
drsnoop-bpfcc (8)    - Trace direct reclaim events. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
dumpe2fs (8)         - dump ext2/ext3/ext4 file system information
e2freefrag (8)       - report free space fragmentation information
e2fsck (8)           - check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
e2image (8)          - Save critical ext2/ext3/ext4 file system metadata to a file
e2label (8)          - Change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
e2mmpstatus (8)      - Check MMP status of an ext4 file system
e2scrub (8)          - check the contents of a mounted ext[234] file system
e2scrub_all (8)      - check all mounted ext[234] file systems for errors.
e2undo (8)           - Replay an undo log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
e4crypt (8)          - ext4 file system encryption utility
e4defrag (8)         - online defragmenter for ext4 file system
ebtables-nft (8)     - Ethernet bridge frame table administration (nft-based)
ebtables-nft (8)     - Ethernet bridge frame table administration (nft-based)
ebtables-nft-restore (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api
ebtables-nft-save (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api
ebtables-restore - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
ebtables-save - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
ebtables-translate (8) - translation tool to migrate from ebtables to nftables
era_check (8)        - validate era metadata on device or file.
era_dump (8)         - dump era metadata from device or file to standard output.
era_invalidate (8)   - Provide a list of blocks that have changed since a particular era.
era_restore (8)      - restore era metadata file to device or file.
escapesrc - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
ethtool (8)          - query or control network driver and hardware settings
eventlogadm (8)      - push records into the Samba event log store
execsnoop-bpfcc (8)  - Trace new processes via exec() syscalls. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
execsnoop.bt (8)     - Trace new processes via exec() syscalls. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
exitsnoop-bpfcc (8)  - Trace all process termination (exit, fatal signal). Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
ext4dist-bpfcc (8)   - Summarize ext4 operation latency. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
ext4slower-bpfcc (8) - Trace slow ext4 file operations, with per-event details.
faillock (8)         - Tool for displaying and modifying the authentication failure record files
fatlabel (8)         - set or get MS-DOS filesystem label or volume ID
fdisk (8)            - manipulate disk partition table
filefrag (8)         - report on file fragmentation
filegone-bpfcc (8)   - Trace why file gone (deleted or renamed). Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
filelife-bpfcc (8)   - Trace the lifespan of short-lived files. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
fileslower-bpfcc (8) - Trace slow synchronous file reads and writes.
filetop-bpfcc (8)    - File reads and writes by filename and process. Top for files.
findfs (8)           - find a filesystem by label or UUID
fixparts (8)         - MBR partition table repair utility
fsadm (8)            - utility to resize or check filesystem on a device
fsck (8)             - check and repair a Linux filesystem
fsck.btrfs (8)       - do nothing, successfully
fsck.cramfs (8)      - fsck compressed ROM file system
fsck.ext2 (8)        - check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
fsck.ext3 (8)        - check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
fsck.ext4 (8)        - check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
fsck.fat (8)         - check and repair MS-DOS FAT filesystems
fsck.minix (8)       - check consistency of Minix filesystem
fsck.msdos (8)       - check and repair MS-DOS FAT filesystems
fsck.vfat (8)        - check and repair MS-DOS FAT filesystems
fsck.xfs (8)         - do nothing, successfully
fsfreeze (8)         - suspend access to a filesystem (Ext3/4, ReiserFS, JFS, XFS)
fstab-decode (8)     - run a command with fstab-encoded arguments
fstrim (8)           - discard unused blocks on a mounted filesystem
funccount-bpfcc (8)  - Count function, tracepoint, and USDT probe calls matching a pattern. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
funcinterval-bpfcc (8) - Time interval between the same function, tracepoint as a histogram.
funclatency-bpfcc (8) - Time functions and print latency as a histogram.
funcslower-bpfcc (8) - Trace slow kernel or user function calls.
gdisk (8)            - Interactive GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator
genccode (8)         - generate C or platform specific assembly code from an ICU data file.
gencmn (8)           - generate an ICU memory-mappable data file
genl (8)             - generic netlink utility frontend
gennorm2 - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
gensprep (8)         - compile StringPrep data from files filtered by filterRFC3454.pl
getcap (8)           - examine file capabilities
getconlist - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
getdefaultcon - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
getenforce (8)       - get the current mode of SELinux
getfilecon (3)       - get SELinux security context of a file
gethostlatency-bpfcc (8) - Show latency for getaddrinfo/gethostbyname[2] calls. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
gethostlatency.bt (8) - Show latency for getaddrinfo/gethostbyname[2] calls. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
getpcaps (8)         - display process capabilities
getpidcon (3)        - get SELinux security context of a process
getpidprevcon (3)    - get SELinux security context of a process
getsebool (8)        - get SELinux boolean value(s)
getseuser - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
getty (8)            - alternative Linux getty
groupadd (8)         - 创建一个新组
groupdel (8)         - 删除一个组
groupmems (8)        - 用户主组的管理员成员
groupmod (8)         - modify a group definition on the system
grpck (8)            - 检查组文件的完整性
grpconv (8)          - 在影子密码和组以及其它直接转换
grpunconv (8)        - 在影子密码和组以及其它直接转换
grub-install (8)     - install GRUB to a device
grub-macbless (8)    - bless a mac file/directory
grub-mkconfig (8)    - generate a GRUB configuration file
grub-mkdevicemap (8) - make a device map file automatically
grub-probe (8)       - probe device information for GRUB
grub-reboot (8)      - set the default boot entry for GRUB, for the next boot only
grub-set-default (8) - set the saved default boot entry for GRUB
halt (8)             - Power off, reboot, or halt the machine
hardirqs-bpfcc (8)   - Measure hard IRQ (hard interrupt) event time. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
hdparm (8)           - get/set SATA/IDE device parameters
iconvconfig (8)      - create iconv module configuration cache
icupkg (8)           - extract or modify an ICU .dat archive
ifconfig (8)         - configure a network interface
iftop (8)            - display bandwidth usage on an interface by host
init (1)             - systemd system and service manager
inject-bpfcc (8)     - injects appropriate error into function if input call chain and predicates are satisfied. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
insmod (8)           - Simple program to insert a module into the Linux Kernel
installkernel (8)    - install a new kernel image
install-sgmlcatalog (8) - maintain transitional SGML catalog
integritysetup (8)   - manage dm-integrity (block level integrity) volumes
invoke-rc.d (8)      - executes System-V style init script actions
iotop (8)            - simple top-like I/O monitor
iotop-py (8)         - simple top-like I/O monitor
ip (7)               - Linux IPv4 protocol implementation
ip6tables (8)        - administration tool for IPv4/IPv6 packet filtering and NAT
ip6tables-apply (8)  - a safer way to update iptables remotely
ip6tables-legacy (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api
ip6tables-legacy-restore (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api
ip6tables-legacy-save (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api
ip6tables-nft (8)    - iptables using nftables kernel api
ip6tables-nft-restore (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api
ip6tables-nft-save (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api
ip6tables-restore (8) - Restore IPv6 Tables
ip6tables-restore-translate (8) - translation tool to migrate from iptables to nftables
ip6tables-save (8)   - dump iptables rules
ip6tables-translate (8) - translation tool to migrate from ip6tables to nftables
ipmaddr - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
iptables (8)         - administration tool for IPv4/IPv6 packet filtering and NAT
iptables-apply (8)   - a safer way to update iptables remotely
iptables-legacy (8)  - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api
iptables-legacy-restore (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api
iptables-legacy-save (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api
iptables-nft (8)     - iptables using nftables kernel api
iptables-nft-restore (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api
iptables-nft-save (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api
iptables-restore (8) - Restore IP Tables
iptables-restore-translate (8) - translation tool to migrate from iptables to nftables
iptables-save (8)    - dump iptables rules
iptables-translate (8) - translation tool to migrate from iptables to nftables
iptunnel (8)         - Create and manage IP tunnels
isadump (8)          - examine ISA registers
isaset (8)           - set ISA registers
iscsiadm (8)         - open-iscsi administration utility
iscsid (8)           - Open-iSCSI daemon
iscsi_discovery (8)  - discover iSCSI targets
iscsi-iname (8)      - iSCSI initiator name generation tool
iscsistart (8)       - iSCSI boot tool
isosize (8)          - output the length of an iso9660 filesystem
iucode-tool (8)      - Tool to manipulate Intel IA-32/X86-64 microcode bundles
iucode_tool (8)      - Tool to manipulate Intel IA-32/X86-64 microcode bundles
javacalls-bpfcc (8)  - Summarize method calls from high-level languages and Linux syscalls.
javaflow-bpfcc (8)   - Print a flow graph of method calls in high-level languages.
javagc-bpfcc (8)     - Trace garbage collection events in high-level languages.
javaobjnew-bpfcc (8) - Summarize object allocations in high-level languages.
javastat-bpfcc (8)   - Activity stats from high-level languages.
javathreads-bpfcc (8) - Trace thread creation events in Java or pthreads.
kbdrate (8)          - reset the keyboard repeat rate and delay time
key.dns_resolver (8) - upcall for request-key to handle dns_resolver keys
killall5 (8)         - send a signal to all processes
killsnoop-bpfcc (8)  - Trace signals issued by the kill() syscall. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
killsnoop.bt (8)     - Trace signals issued by the kill() syscall. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
klockstat-bpfcc (8)  - Traces kernel mutex lock events and display locks statistics. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
kpartx (8)           - Create device maps from partition tables.
kvmexit-bpfcc (8)    - Display the exit_reason and its statistics of each vm exit.
ldattach (8)         - attach a line discipline to a serial line
ldconfig (8)         - configure dynamic linker run-time bindings
ldconfig.real - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
libgvc6-config-update - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
llcstat-bpfcc (8)    - Summarize CPU cache references and misses by process. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
loads.bt (8)         - Prints load averages. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
locale-gen (8)       - generate localisation files from templates
logrotate (8)        - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
logsave (8)          - save the output of a command in a logfile
losetup (8)          - set up and control loop devices
lsmod (8)            - Show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel
luksformat (8)       - Create and format an encrypted LUKS device
lvchange (8)         - Change the attributes of logical volume(s)
lvconvert (8)        - Change logical volume layout
lvcreate (8)         - Create a logical volume
lvdisplay (8)        - Display information about a logical volume
lvextend (8)         - Add space to a logical volume
lvm (8)              - LVM2 tools
lvmconfig (8)        - Display and manipulate configuration information
lvmdiskscan (8)      - List devices that may be used as physical volumes
lvmdump (8)          - create lvm2 information dumps for diagnostic purposes
lvmpolld (8)         - LVM poll daemon
lvmsadc (8)          - LVM system activity data collector
lvmsar (8)           - LVM system activity reporter
lvreduce (8)         - Reduce the size of a logical volume
lvremove (8)         - Remove logical volume(s) from the system
lvrename (8)         - Rename a logical volume
lvresize (8)         - Resize a logical volume
lvs (8)              - Display information about logical volumes
lvscan (8)           - List all logical volumes in all volume groups
lxc - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
lxd - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
make-bcache (8)      - create a cache device
matchpathcon (3)     - get the default SELinux security context for the specified path from the file contexts configuration
mdadm (8)            - manage MD devices aka Linux Software RAID
mdflush-bpfcc (8)    - Trace md flush events. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
mdflush.bt (8)       - Trace md flush events. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
mdmon (8)            - monitor MD external metadata arrays
memleak-bpfcc (8)    - Print a summary of outstanding allocations and their call stacks to detect memory leaks. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
mii-tool (8)         - view, manipulate media-independent interface status
mkdosfs (8)          - create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem
mke2fs (8)           - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
mkfs (8)             - build a Linux filesystem
mkfs.bfs (8)         - make an SCO bfs filesystem
mkfs.btrfs (8)       - create a btrfs filesystem
mkfs.cramfs (8)      - make compressed ROM file system
mkfs.ext2 (8)        - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
mkfs.ext3 (8)        - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
mkfs.ext4 (8)        - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
mkfs.fat (8)         - create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem
mkfs.minix (8)       - make a Minix filesystem
mkfs.msdos (8)       - create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem
mkfs.ntfs (8)        - create an NTFS file system
mkfs.vfat (8)        - create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem
mkfs.xfs (8)         - construct an XFS filesystem
mkhomedir_helper (8) - Helper binary that creates home directories
mkinitramfs (8)      - low-level tool for generating an initramfs image
mklost+found (8)     - create a lost+found directory on a mounted Linux second extended file system
mkntfs (8)           - create an NTFS file system
mkswap (8)           - set up a Linux swap area
ModemManager (8)     - mobile broadband modem management daemon
modinfo (8)          - Show information about a Linux Kernel module
modprobe (8)         - Add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel
mount.cifs (8)       - mount using the Common Internet File System (CIFS)
mount.fuse (8)       - configuration and mount options for FUSE file systems
mount.fuse3 (8)      - configuration and mount options for FUSE file systems
mount.lowntfs-3g (8) - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
mount.ntfs (8)       - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
mount.ntfs-3g (8)    - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver
mount.smb3 (8)       - mount using the Common Internet File System (CIFS)
mountsnoop-bpfcc (8) - Trace mount() and umount() syscalls. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
mpathpersist (8)     - Manages SCSI persistent reservations on dm multipath devices.
multipath (8)        - Device mapper target autoconfig.
multipathc (8)       - Interactive client for multipathd
multipathd (8)       - Multipath daemon.
mysqld_qslower-bpfcc (8) - Trace MySQL server queries slower than a threshold.
nameif (8)           - name network interfaces based on MAC addresses
naptime.bt (8)       - Trace voluntary sleep calls. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
needrestart (1)      - needrestart
netplan (5)          - YAML network configuration abstraction for various backends
netqtop-bpfcc (8)    - Summarize PPS, BPS, average size of packets and packet counts ordered by packet sizes on each queue of a network interface.
NetworkManager (8)   - network management daemon
newusers (8)         - 批量更新和创建新用户
nfnl_osf (8)         - OS fingerprint loader utility
nfsdist-bpfcc (8)    - Summarize NFS operation latency. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
nfsslower-bpfcc (8)  - Trace slow NFS file operations, with per-event details.
nft (8)              - Administration tool of the nftables framework for packet filtering and classification
nmbd (8)             - NetBIOS name server to provide NetBIOS over IP naming services to clients
nodegc-bpfcc (8)     - Trace garbage collection events in high-level languages.
nodestat-bpfcc (8)   - Activity stats from high-level languages.
nologin (8)          - 礼貌地拒绝登录
ntfsclone (8)        - Efficiently clone, image, restore or rescue an NTFS
ntfscp (8)           - copy file to an NTFS volume.
ntfslabel (8)        - display/change the label on an ntfs file system
ntfsresize (8)       - resize an NTFS filesystem without data loss
ntfsundelete (8)     - recover a deleted file from an NTFS volume.
offcputime-bpfcc (8) - Summarize off-CPU time by kernel stack trace. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
offwaketime-bpfcc (8) - Summarize blocked time by off-CPU stack + waker stack. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
on_ac_power (1)      - test whether computer is running on AC power
oomkill-bpfcc (8)    - Trace oom_kill_process(). Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
oomkill.bt (8)       - Trace OOM killer. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
opensnoop-bpfcc (8)  - Trace open() syscalls. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
opensnoop.bt (8)     - Trace open() syscalls. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
overlayroot-chroot (8) - chroot into the lower filesystem in a writable mode
ownership (8)        - Compaq ownership tag retriever
pam-auth-update (8)  - manage PAM configuration using packaged profiles
pam_extrausers_chkpwd - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
pam_extrausers_update - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
pam_getenv (8)       - get environment variables from /etc/environment
pam_namespace_helper (8) - Helper binary that creates home directories
pam_timestamp_check (8) - Check to see if the default timestamp is valid
paperconfig (8)      - configure the system default paper size
parted (8)           - a partition manipulation program
partprobe (8)        - inform the OS of partition table changes
pdata_tools - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
perlcalls-bpfcc (8)  - Summarize method calls from high-level languages and Linux syscalls.
perlflow-bpfcc (8)   - Print a flow graph of method calls in high-level languages.
perlstat-bpfcc (8)   - Activity stats from high-level languages.
phpcalls-bpfcc (8)   - Summarize method calls from high-level languages and Linux syscalls.
phpflow-bpfcc (8)    - Print a flow graph of method calls in high-level languages.
phpstat-bpfcc (8)    - Activity stats from high-level languages.
pidpersec-bpfcc (8)  - Count new processes (via fork()). Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
pidpersec.bt (8)     - Count new processes (via fork()). Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
pivot_root (2)       - change the root mount
plipconfig (8)       - fine tune PLIP device parameters
plocate-build (8)    - generate index for plocate
plymouthd (8)        - The plymouth daemon
policyvers - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
poweroff (8)         - Power off, reboot, or halt the machine
ppchcalls-bpfcc (8)  - Summarize ppc hcall counts and latencies.
pppdump (8)          - convert PPP record file to readable format
pppoe-discovery (8)  - perform PPPoE discovery
pppstats (8)         - print PPP statistics
pptp (8)             - PPTP driver
pptpsetup (8)        - Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol setup
profile-bpfcc (8)    - Profile CPU usage by sampling stack traces. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
pvchange (8)         - Change attributes of physical volume(s)
pvck (8)             - Check metadata on physical volumes
pvcreate (8)         - Initialize physical volume(s) for use by LVM
pvdisplay (8)        - Display various attributes of physical volume(s)
pvmove (8)           - Move extents from one physical volume to another
pvremove (8)         - Remove LVM label(s) from physical volume(s)
pvresize (8)         - Resize physical volume(s)
pvs (8)              - Display information about physical volumes
pvscan (8)           - List all physical volumes
pwck (8)             - verify the integrity of password files
pwconv (8)           - 在影子密码和组以及其它直接转换
pwhistory_helper (8) - Helper binary that transfers password hashes from passwd or shadow to opasswd
pwunconv (8)         - 在影子密码和组以及其它直接转换
pythoncalls-bpfcc (8) - Summarize method calls from high-level languages and Linux syscalls.
pythonflow-bpfcc (8) - Print a flow graph of method calls in high-level languages.
pythongc-bpfcc (8)   - Trace garbage collection events in high-level languages.
pythonstat-bpfcc (8) - Activity stats from high-level languages.
rarp (8)             - manipulate the system RARP table
rdmaucma-bpfcc (8)   - Trace RDMA Userspace Connection Manager Access Event. For Linux, uses BCC, eBPF.
readahead-bpfcc (8)  - Show performance of read-ahead cache
readprofile (8)      - read kernel profiling information
reboot (2)           - reboot or enable/disable Ctrl-Alt-Del
remove-shell (8)     - remove shells from the list of valid login shells
request-key (8)      - handle key instantiation callback requests from the kernel
reset-trace-bpfcc (8) - reset the state of tracing.
resize2fs (8)        - ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
resolvconf (1)       - Resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS resource records, and services; introspect and reconfigure the DNS resolver
rmmod (8)            - Simple program to remove a module from the Linux Kernel
rmt (8)              - remote magnetic tape server
rmt-tar (8)          - remote magnetic tape server
route (8)            - show / manipulate the IP routing table
rsyslogd (8)         - reliable and extended syslogd
rtacct (8)           - network statistics tools.
rtcwake (8)          - enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time
rtmon (8)            - listens to and monitors RTnetlink
rubycalls-bpfcc (8)  - Summarize method calls from high-level languages and Linux syscalls.
rubyflow-bpfcc (8)   - Print a flow graph of method calls in high-level languages.
rubygc-bpfcc (8)     - Trace garbage collection events in high-level languages.
rubyobjnew-bpfcc (8) - Summarize object allocations in high-level languages.
rubystat-bpfcc (8)   - Activity stats from high-level languages.
runlevel (8)         - Print previous and current SysV runlevel
runqlat-bpfcc (8)    - Run queue (scheduler) latency as a histogram.
runqlat.bt (8)       - CPU scheduler run queue latency as a histogram. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
runqlen-bpfcc (8)    - Scheduler run queue length as a histogram.
runqlen.bt (8)       - CPU scheduler run queue length as a histogram. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
runqslower-bpfcc (8) - Trace long process scheduling delays.
runuser (1)          - run a command with substitute user and group ID
samba (7)            - A Windows AD and SMB/CIFS fileserver for UNIX
samba_dnsupdate - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
samba_downgrade_db (8) - Samba tool for downgrading AD databases
samba-gpupdate (8)   - apply group policy
samba_kcc - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
samba_spnupdate - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
samba_upgradedns - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
sefcontext_compile (8) - compile file context regular expression files
selabel_digest (3)   - Return digest of specfiles and list of files used
selabel_get_digests_all_partial_matches (3) - retrieve the partial matches digest and the xattr digest that applies to the supplied path - Only supported on file backend.
selabel_lookup (3)   - obtain SELinux security context from a string label
selabel_lookup_best_match (3) - obtain a best match SELinux security context - Only supported on file backend.
selabel_partial_match (3) - determine whether a direct or partial match is possible on a file path - Only supported on file backend.
selinux_check_access (3) - query the SELinux policy database in the kernel
selinux_check_securetty_context (3) - check whether a SELinux tty security context is defined as a securetty context
selinuxenabled (8)   - tool to be used within shell scripts to determine if selinux is enabled
selinuxexeccon (8)   - report SELinux context used for this executable
sensors-detect (8)   - detect hardware monitoring chips
service (8)          - run a System V init script
setcap (8)           - set file capabilities
setenforce (8)       - modify the mode SELinux is running in
setfilecon (3)       - set SELinux security context of a file
setuids.bt (8)       - Trace setuid family of syscalls. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
setvesablank (8)     - Turn VESA screen blanking on or off
setvtrgb (1)         - customize the console color map
sfdisk (8)           - display or manipulate a disk partition table
sgdisk (8)           - Command-line GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator for Linux and Unix
shadowconfig - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
shmsnoop-bpfcc (8)   - Trace System V shared memory syscalls. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
shutdown (2)         - shut down part of a full-duplex connection
slabratetop-bpfcc (8) - Kernel SLAB/SLUB memory cache allocation rate top. Uses Linux BPF/bcc.
slattach (8)         - attach a network interface to a serial line
smbd (8)             - server to provide SMB/CIFS services to clients
sofdsnoop-bpfcc (8)  - traces FDs passed by sockets
softirqs-bpfcc (8)   - Measure soft IRQ (soft interrupt) event time. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
solisten-bpfcc (8)   - Trace listening socket
sshd (8)             - OpenSSH daemon
ssllatency.bt (8)    - Show SSL/TLS handshake latency histogram. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
sslsniff-bpfcc (8)   - Print data passed to OpenSSL, GnuTLS or NSS. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
sslsnoop.bt (8)      - Show SSL/TLS handshake events. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
stackcount-bpfcc (8) - Count function calls and their stack traces. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
start-stop-daemon (8) - start and stop system daemon programs
statsnoop-bpfcc (8)  - Trace stat() syscalls. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
statsnoop.bt (8)     - Trace stat() syscalls. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
sudo_logsrvd (8)     - sudo event and I/O log server
sudo_sendlog (8)     - send sudo I/O log to log server
sulogin (8)          - single-user login
swapin.bt (8)        - Count swapins by process. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
swaplabel (8)        - print or change the label or UUID of a swap area
swapoff (2)          - start/stop swapping to file/device
swapon (2)           - start/stop swapping to file/device
switch_root (8)      - switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree
syncsnoop-bpfcc (8)  - Trace sync() syscall. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
syncsnoop.bt (8)     - Trace the sync() variety of syscalls. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
syscount-bpfcc (8)   - Summarize syscall counts and latencies.
syscount.bt (8)      - Count system calls. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
sysctl (2)           - read/write system parameters
tarcat (1)           - concatenates the pieces of a GNU tar multi-volume archive
tc (8)               - show / manipulate traffic control settings
tclcalls-bpfcc (8)   - Summarize method calls from high-level languages and Linux syscalls.
tclflow-bpfcc (8)    - Print a flow graph of method calls in high-level languages.
tclobjnew-bpfcc (8)  - Summarize object allocations in high-level languages.
tclstat-bpfcc (8)    - Activity stats from high-level languages.
tcpaccept-bpfcc (8)  - Trace TCP passive connections (accept()). Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
tcpaccept.bt (8)     - Trace TCP passive connections (accept()). Uses bpftrace/eBPF
tcpcong-bpfcc (8)    - Measure tcp congestion state duration. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
tcpconnect-bpfcc (8) - Trace TCP active connections (connect()). Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
tcpconnect.bt (8)    - Trace TCP active connections (connect()). Uses Linux bpftrace/eBPF
tcpconnlat-bpfcc (8) - Trace TCP active connection latency. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
tcpdrop-bpfcc (8)    - Trace kernel-based TCP packet drops with details. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
tcpdrop.bt (8)       - Trace kernel-based TCP packet drops with details. Uses Linux bpftrace/eBPF
tcplife-bpfcc (8)    - Trace TCP sessions and summarize lifespan. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
tcplife.bt (8)       - Trace TCP session lifespans with connection details. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
tcpretrans-bpfcc (8) - Trace or count TCP retransmits and TLPs. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
tcpretrans.bt (8)    - Trace or count TCP retransmits. Uses Linux bpftrace/eBPF
tcprtt-bpfcc (8)     - Trace TCP RTT of established connections. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
tcpstates-bpfcc (8)  - Trace TCP session state changes with durations. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
tcpsubnet-bpfcc (8)  - Summarize and aggregate IPv4 TCP traffic by subnet.
tcpsynbl-bpfcc (8)   - Show the TCP SYN backlog as a histogram. Uses BCC/eBPF.
tcpsynbl.bt (8)      - Show the TCP SYN backlog as a histogram. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
tcptop-bpfcc (8)     - Summarize TCP send/recv throughput by host. Top for TCP.
tcptracer-bpfcc (8)  - Trace TCP established connections. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
tcptraceroute (8)    - print the route packets trace to network host
tcptraceroute.db (8) - print the route packets trace to network host
telinit (8)          - Change SysV runlevel
thermald (8)         - start Linux thermal daemon
thin_check (8)       - validates thin provisioning metadata on a device or file
thin_delta (8)       - Print the differences in the mappings between two thin devices.
thin_dump (8)        - dump thin provisioning metadata from device or file to standard output.
thin_ls (8)          - List thin volumes within a pool.
thin_metadata_size (8) - thin provisioning metadata device/file size calculator.
thin_repair (8)      - repair thin provisioning binary metadata.
thin_restore (8)     - restore thin provisioning metadata file to device or file.
thin_rmap (8)        - output reverse map of a thin provisioned region of blocks frommetadata device or file.
thin_trim (8)        - Issue discard requests for free pool space (offline tool).
threadsnoop-bpfcc (8) - Trace thread creation via pthread_create(). Uses BCC/eBPF.
threadsnoop.bt (8)   - Trace thread creation via pthread_create(). Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
tipc (8)             - a TIPC configuration and management tool
togglesebool (8)     - flip the current value of a SELinux boolean
tplist-bpfcc (8)     - Display kernel tracepoints or USDT probes and their formats.
trace-bpfcc (8)      - Trace a function and print its arguments or return value, optionally evaluating a filter. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
traceroute (1)       - print the route packets trace to network host
ttysnoop-bpfcc (8)   - Watch output from a tty or pts device. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
tune2fs (8)          - adjust tunable file system parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems
ub-device-create - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
ucalls (8)           - Summarize method calls from high-level languages and Linux syscalls.
u-d-c-print-pci-ids - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
uflow (8)            - Print a flow graph of method calls in high-level languages.
ufw (8)              - program for managing a netfilter firewall
ugc (8)              - Trace garbage collection events in high-level languages.
umount.udisks2 (8)   - unmount file systems that have been mounted by UDisks2
undump.bt (8)        - Catch UNIX domain socket packages. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
unix_chkpwd (8)      - Helper binary that verifies the password of the current user
unix_update (8)      - Helper binary that updates the password of a given user
uobjnew (8)          - Summarize object allocations in high-level languages.
update-ca-certificates (8) - update /etc/ssl/certs and ca-certificates.crt
update-catalog (8)   - create or update entry in SGML catalog file
updatedb.plocate (8) - update a database for plocate
update-fonts-alias (8) - compile fonts.alias files
update-fonts-dir (8) - compile fonts.dir files
update-fonts-scale (8) - generate fonts.scale files
update-grub (8)      - stub for grub-mkconfig
update-grub2 (8)     - stub for grub-mkconfig
update-gsfontmap - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
update-icon-caches - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
update-ieee-data (8) - update data files from IEEE Standards Association such as the OUI and IAB lists
update-info-dir (8)  - update or create index file from all installed info files in directory
update-initramfs (8) - generate an initramfs image
update-java-alternatives (8) - update alternatives for jre/sdk installations
update-locale (8)    - Modify global locale settings
update-passwd (8)    - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group
update-pciids (8)    - download new version of the PCI ID list
update-rc.d (8)      - install and remove System-V style init script links
update-secureboot-policy - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
update-shells (8)    - update the list of valid login shells
update-xmlcatalog (8) - maintain XML catalog files
usb_modeswitch (1)   - control the mode of 'multi-state' USB devices
usb_modeswitch_dispatcher (1) - Linux wrapper for usb_modeswitch (not intended for direct invocation)
usbmuxd (8)          - Expose a socket to multiplex connections from and to iOS devices.
useradd (8)          - 创建一个新用户或更新默认新用户信息
userdel (8)          - 删除用户账户和相关文件
usermod (8)          - 修改一个用户账户
ustat (2)            - get filesystem statistics
uthreads (8)         - Trace thread creation events in Java or pthreads.
uuidd (8)            - UUID generation daemon
validatetrans - 没有对应的 whatis 记录
validlocale (8)      - Test if a given locale is available
vcstime (8)          - Show time in upper right hand corner of the console screen
vdpa (8)             - vdpa management tool
veritysetup (8)      - manage dm-verity (block level verification) volumes
vfscount-bpfcc (8)   - Count VFS calls ("vfs_*"). Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
vfscount.bt (8)      - Count VFS calls ("vfs_*"). Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
vfsstat-bpfcc (8)    - Statistics for some common VFS calls. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
vfsstat.bt (8)       - Count key VFS calls. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
vgcfgbackup (8)      - Backup volume group configuration(s)
vgcfgrestore (8)     - Restore volume group configuration
vgchange (8)         - Change volume group attributes
vgck (8)             - Check the consistency of volume group(s)
vgconvert (8)        - Change volume group metadata format
vgcreate (8)         - Create a volume group
vgdisplay (8)        - Display volume group information
vgexport (8)         - Unregister volume group(s) from the system
vgextend (8)         - Add physical volumes to a volume group
vgimport (8)         - Register exported volume group with system
vgimportclone (8)    - Import a VG from cloned PVs
vgmerge (8)          - Merge volume groups
vgmknodes (8)        - Create the special files for volume group devices in /dev
vgreduce (8)         - Remove physical volume(s) from a volume group
vgremove (8)         - Remove volume group(s)
vgrename (8)         - Rename a volume group
vgs (8)              - Display information about volume groups
vgscan (8)           - Search for all volume groups
vgsplit (8)          - Move physical volumes into a new or existing volume group
vigr (8)             - 编辑密码、组、影子密码或影子组文件。
vipw (8)             - 编辑密码、组、影子密码或影子组文件。
virtiostat-bpfcc (8) - Trace VIRTIO devices input/output statistics. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
visudo (8)           - edit the sudoers file
vpddecode (8)        - VPD structure decoder
wakeuptime-bpfcc (8) - Summarize sleep to wakeup time by waker kernel stack. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
wipefs (8)           - wipe a signature from a device
wpa_action (8)       - wpa_cli action script
wpa_cli (8)          - WPA command line client
wpa_supplicant (8)   - Wi-Fi Protected Access client and IEEE 802.1X supplicant
writeback.bt (8)     - Trace file system writeback events with details. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
xfs_admin (8)        - change parameters of an XFS filesystem
xfs_bmap (8)         - print block mapping for an XFS file
xfs_copy (8)         - copy the contents of an XFS filesystem
xfs_db (8)           - debug an XFS filesystem
xfsdist-bpfcc (8)    - Summarize XFS operation latency. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
xfsdist.bt (8)       - Summarize XFS operation latency. Uses bpftrace/eBPF.
xfs_estimate (8)     - estimate the space that an XFS filesystem will take
xfs_freeze (8)       - suspend access to an XFS filesystem
xfs_fsr (8)          - filesystem reorganizer for XFS
xfs_growfs (8)       - expand an XFS filesystem
xfs_info (8)         - display XFS filesystem geometry information
xfs_io (8)           - debug the I/O path of an XFS filesystem
xfs_logprint (8)     - print the log of an XFS filesystem
xfs_mdrestore (8)    - restores an XFS metadump image to a filesystem image
xfs_metadump (8)     - copy XFS filesystem metadata to a file
xfs_mkfile (8)       - create an XFS file
xfs_ncheck (8)       - generate pathnames from i-numbers for XFS
xfs_quota (8)        - manage use of quota on XFS filesystems
xfs_repair (8)       - repair an XFS filesystem
xfs_rtcp (8)         - XFS realtime copy command
xfs_scrub (8)        - check and repair the contents of a mounted XFS filesystem
xfs_scrub_all (8)    - scrub all mounted XFS filesystems
xfsslower-bpfcc (8)  - Trace slow xfs file operations, with per-event details.
xfs_spaceman (8)     - show free space information about an XFS filesystem
xtables-legacy-multi (8) - iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api
xtables-monitor (8)  - show changes to rule set and trace-events
xtables-nft-multi (8) - iptables using nftables kernel api
zerofree (8)         - zero free blocks from ext2, ext3 and ext4 file-systems
zfsdist-bpfcc (8)    - Summarize ZFS operation latency. Uses Linux eBPF/bcc.
zfsslower-bpfcc (8)  - Trace slow zfs file operations, with per-event details.
zic (8)              - timezone compiler
zramctl (8)          - set up and control zram devices