Linux Desktop on Apple Silicon in Practice

README.en.md

Linux Desktop on Apple Silicon in Practice

I bought M1 MacBook Air. It is the fastest computer I have, and I have been a GNOME/GNU/Linux user for long time. It is obvious conclusion that I need practical Linux desktop environment on Apple Silicon.

Fortunately, Linux already works on Apple Silicon/M1. But how practical is it?

• Two native ports exist.
  • Corellium. It is obsolete. https://corellium.com/blog/linux-m1
  • Asahi Linux. It is greatly improving and may be usable for certain workloads, but it lacks e.g. graphics acceleration for now. https://asahilinux.org
• QEMU can run code on CPU natively. But what about GPU? Unfortunately, QEMU is also not optimized so much for macOS.

As I needed Linux desktop right now, I decided to hack QEMU. The most difficult challenge is obviously accelerated graphics, but there is Virgil 3D; a bridge to expose host OpenGL to the guest. https://virgil3d.github.io

It unfortunately didn't work on macOS host. So I just made it work. That's it. Here is a video demonstrating OpenGL on Linux on Apple Silicon/M1:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0bVlVQU2JQ&list=PLesZxBYUPr3wdU3sONUv4Q7UDOg1Dn_Ue&index=4

Modifications

QEMU

ui/cocoa

• Added OpenGL support.
• Enforced pixel by pixel display.
• Added cursor composition.
• Improved key mappings (e.g. Japanese IME keys, 2021-06-17)

coreaudio

• Fix device change (2022-02-26)

Virgil 3D renderer

Improved OpenGL ES support.

Do It Yourself

@knazarov's Homebre Formulae

It is independently maintained so may be a bit older, but you may still find it useful.

https://github.com/knazarov/homebrew-qemu-virgl

Setup

1. Open a terminal.

2. Install GLib, Meson, Pixman, pkg-config and spice-protocol with Homebrew.

brew install glib meson pixman pkg-config spice-protocol

3. Make a empty directory and change the working directory to it.

4.

curl -L https://gist.github.com/akihikodaki/87df4149e7ca87f18dc56807ec5a1bc5/raw/20710825a7fbcae64d55e7ddf37d870e55622174/run.sh | bash -

5.

bin/qemu-img create var/virtio.raw 64G

It doesn't consume the physical space until it has data, so you can make the image very large. However, you will see odd behavior if you try to write data more than the physical disk allows.

6.

curl -LO https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/41/Silverblue/aarch64/iso/Fedora-Silverblue-ostree-aarch64-41-1.4.iso

7.

./run -cdrom Fedora-Silverblue-ostree-aarch64-41-1.4.iso

Proceed the installation process, and now you can run Fedora by executing ./run.

Note: you won't get keyboard to work before Linux boots because TianoCore, the UEFI firmware does not support virtio-keyboard used in this configuration.

Updating

Just download the latest run.sh and execute it in your workspace directory.

Choosing OpenGL profile

Edit run.

• gl=off will disable Virgil 3D GPU. Most stable but laggy.
• gl=core will enable OpenGL.framework. Unstable.
• gl=es will enable ANGLE. Stable and fast.

Upstreaming

Upstreaming is in progress. Hopefully the features I implemented will work just by running brew install qemu in the future.

• Epoxy: anholt/libepoxy#239
• QEMU: https://patchew.org/search?q=project%3AQEMU+from%3Aakihiko.odaki%40gmail.com
• Virgil 3D renderer: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/virgl/virglrenderer/-/merge_requests?scope=all&utf8=✓&state=all&author_username=akihiko.odaki

Some insights

QEMU

This QEMU modification is not secure. The graphics acceleration code lives in the same process with everything else of the virtual machine and it is huge; the graphics stack involves LLVM for shader compilation, and a simple bug in the stack can lead to complete takeover of the guest.

vhost-user-gpu provides graphics acceleration isolation, but it needs modifications to run outside Linux because:

• historically, vhost-user is a re-implementation of Linux kernel's vhost interface, and it relies on kernel headers for interface definitions and
• vhost-user uses eventfd which is only available on Linux.

It shouldn't be difficult, but I'm satisfied even without process isolation so I don't. The graphics acceleration process would be still shared and it would remain possible that one graphical process exploit leads to disclosure of the entire graphics output anyway.

Linux desktop on Apple Silicon/M1 in general

As I described here, such a virtualization software is practical and efficient approach to run Linux desktop. The performance overhead is also acceptable for daily use, and it even provides better integration of Linux and macOS. For example, you can switch macOS and Linux with three-finger gesture on trackpad. You can use VirtFS.

However, there are complexities that such a virtualization adds. It basically means sharing one hardware with two systems, so you have to allocate the resource properly or it ends up with bad user experience. The allocation problem happens everywhere (HID like keyboard, computing resource like CPU, power management, etc.). This approach is efficient but not the best.

In long term, native Linux port is the best option. Asahi Linux is promising and you may find it favorable than my modified QEMU for your use case even today.

README.ja.md

Apple Silicon で実践Linuxデスクトップ

M1 MacBook Airを買いました. これは私が持ってる一番速いコンピュータで, 私は長年の GNOME/GNU/Linux ユーザーでもあります. ここから, Apple Silicon でLinux デスクトップ環境が必要であるという明らかな結論が導かれます.

幸いにも, Linux は Apple Silicon で既に動作します. しかし 実用性 はどうでしょうか?

• 2つのネイティブの移植があります.
  • Corellium. これは古くなっています. https://corellium.com/blog/linux-m1
  • Asahi Linux. 大幅に改善されており, 場合によっては実用的と言えます. しかし, 今のところグラフィックスアクセラレーションなどが欠けています. https://asahilinux.org
• QEMU は CPU上でコードをネイティブ動作させることが可能です. しかし GPU についてはどうでしょう? また, 残念ながら, QEMU は macOS 向けにあまり最適化されていません.

私は Linux デスクトップが直ちに必要だったので, QEMU をハックすることにしました. 最大の困難は当然グラフィックスアクセラレーションですが, このために用いることができる, Virgil 3D という, ホストの OpenGL をゲストに見せるブリッジが存在します. https://virgil3d.github.io

残念ながらこれは macOS ホスト上で動きませんでした. そういうわけで 動くようにしました. 以上! 以下は Apple Silicon/M1 上での OpenGL を実演する動画です.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0bVlVQU2JQ&list=PLesZxBYUPr3wdU3sONUv4Q7UDOg1Dn_Ue&index=4

改変

QEMU

ui/cocoa

• OpenGL サポートを追加.
• Pixel by pixel 表示を実装.
• カーソルの合成を追加.
• キーマッピングを改善 (日本語 IME キーなど, 2021-06-17)

coreaudio

• デバイスの変更処理を修正 (2022-02-26)

Virgil 3D renderer

OpenGL ES サポートを改善

Do It Yourself

@knazarov の Homebrew formulae

独自に保守されているため少し古いかもしれませんが, 便利かもしれません.

https://github.com/knazarov/homebrew-qemu-virgl

セットアップ

1. ターミナルを開く.

2. GLib, Meson, Pixman, pkg-config, そして spice-protocol を Homebrew でインストールする.

brew install glib meson pixman pkg-config spice-protocol

3. 空のディレクトリを作って working directory をそれに変更する.

4.

curl -L https://gist.github.com/akihikodaki/87df4149e7ca87f18dc56807ec5a1bc5/raw/20710825a7fbcae64d55e7ddf37d870e55622174/run.sh | bash -

5.

bin/qemu-img create var/virtio.raw 64G

データが記録されるまで物理領域を消費しないため, イメージをかなり大きくできます. ただし, 物理ディスクが許容する以上のデータを書き込むとおかしな挙動が現れます.

6.

curl -LO https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/41/Silverblue/aarch64/iso/Fedora-Silverblue-ostree-aarch64-41-1.4.iso

7.

./run -cdrom Fedora-Silverblue-ostree-aarch64-41-1.4.iso

インストールプロセスを進めてください. ./run を実行することで Fedora を起動できるようになるはずです.

注: Linux が起動するまでキーボードは利用できません。これは、この構成で利用している virtio-keyboard に UEFI ファームウェアの TianoCore が対応していないためです。

更新

単に最新の run.sh をダウンロードしてワークスペースディレクトリで実行して ください.

OpenGL プロファイルを選択する

run を編集してください.

• gl=off は Virgil 3D GPU を無効にします. 安定していますがラグいです.
• gl=core は OpenGL.framework を有効にします. 不安定です.
• gl=es は ANGLE を有効にします. 安定していて速いです.

アップストリーミング

アップストリーミングが進行中です. 願わくば将来は私が実装した機能が brew install qemu とするだけで動作するようになるはずです.

• Epoxy: anholt/libepoxy#239
• QEMU: https://patchew.org/search?q=project%3AQEMU+from%3Aakihiko.odaki%40gmail.com
• Virgil 3D renderer: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/virgl/virglrenderer/-/merge_requests?scope=all&utf8=✓&state=all&author_username=akihiko.odaki

考察

QEMU

この QEMU の改変は セキュアではありません . グラフィックスアクセラレーションのコードが仮想マシンの他のあらゆるもの全てと同じプロセスに存在していて, そのコードは巨大です. グラフィックススタックはシェーダコンパイルのために LLVM を含んでおり, その中の簡単な不具合1つでゲストの完全な乗っ取りが可能です.

vhost-user-gpu はグラフィックスアクセラレーションの分離を提供しますが, Linux 以外で動作するように修正が必要です.

• 歴史的には, vhost-user は Linux カーネルの vhost インターフェイスの再実装となっていて, インターフェイス定義のためにカーネルヘッダに依存しています.
• vhost-user は Linux でしか利用できない eventfd を利用しています.

これは難しくないでしょうが, プロセス分離がなくても満足してるのでやりません. やってもグラフィックスアクセラレーションプロセスは共有されたままになるでしょうし, 単独のグラフィカルプロセスの攻撃がグラフィックス出力全体の暴露につながるのは変わりないでしょう.

Apple Silicon/M1 上の Linux デスクトップ一般について

先に説明したとおり, このような仮想化ソフトウェアは Linux デスクトップを実行する 実用的で効率的な方法です. 性能上のオーバーヘッドも日常的な利用には許容できる範囲で, Linux と macOS のよりよい統合を提供しさえします. 例えば, macOS と Linux をトラックパッド上の3本指ジェスチャーで切り替えられます. VirtFS も使えます.

しかし, 仮想化による複雑さもあります. 要は1つのハードウェアを2つのシステムで 共有することになるので, 資源を適切に割り当てなければユーザー体験を悪化させます. この問題はあらゆる場面でおきます (キーボードのような HID, CPU のような計算資源, 電力管理などなど). この方法は 効率的 ですが 最善 ではありません.

長期的には ネイティブの Linux 移植が最善でしょう. Asahi Linux は期待できます. 今でも利用法によっては私が改変した QEMU よりよいかもしれません.

run.sh

set -eux
mkdir -p depot_tools build/qemu source/angle source/libepoxy source/virglrenderer source/qemu var
git -C depot_tools init
git -C depot_tools fetch https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/tools/depot_tools 22df6f8e622dc3e8df8dc8b5d3e3503b169af78e
git -C depot_tools checkout FETCH_HEAD
git -C source/angle init
git -C source/angle fetch https://chromium.googlesource.com/angle/angle fffbc739779a2df56a464fd6853bbfb24bebb5f6
git -C source/angle checkout FETCH_HEAD
git -C source/libepoxy init
git -C source/libepoxy fetch https://github.com/akihikodaki/libepoxy.git macos
git -C source/libepoxy checkout FETCH_HEAD
git -C source/virglrenderer init
git -C source/virglrenderer fetch https://github.com/akihikodaki/virglrenderer.git macos
git -C source/virglrenderer checkout FETCH_HEAD
git -C source/qemu init
git -C source/qemu fetch https://github.com/akihikodaki/qemu.git macos
git -C source/qemu checkout FETCH_HEAD
export DEPOT_TOOLS_UPDATE=0
export PATH="$PWD/depot_tools:$PATH"
cd source/angle
scripts/bootstrap.py
gclient sync -D
gn gen --args=is_debug=false ../../build/angle
cd ../..
ninja -C build/angle
[ -e build/libepoxy/meson-info ] || meson setup "-Dc_args=-I$PWD/source/angle/include" -Degl=yes -Dx11=false "--prefix=$PWD" build/libepoxy source/libepoxy
meson install -C build/libepoxy
[ -e build/virglrenderer/meson-info ] || meson setup "-Dc_args=-I$PWD/source/angle/include" "--pkg-config-path=$PWD/lib/pkgconfig" "--prefix=$PWD" build/virglrenderer source/virglrenderer
meson install -C build/virglrenderer
cd build/qemu
PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$PWD/../../lib/pkgconfig" ../../source/qemu/configure "--extra-cflags=-I$PWD/../../source/angle/include" "--extra-ldflags=-L$PWD/../angle" "--prefix=$PWD/../.." --target-list=aarch64-softmmu
make "-j$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)" install
[ -e ../../var/edk2-arm-vars.fd ] || cp pc-bios/edk2-arm-vars.fd ../../var
cd ../..
cat > run <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
d="$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
exec sudo DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH="$d/build/angle:$d/lib" "$d/bin/qemu-system-aarch64" -machine virt,accel=hvf -cpu host -smp "$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)" -m 4G -device pcie-root-port,id=pcie -device virtio-sound-pci,addr=0x0.0x0,bus=pcie,multifunction=on,audiodev=audio,streams=1 -device virtio-gpu-gl-pci,addr=0x0.0x1,bus=pcie -device virtio-keyboard-pci,addr=0x0.0x2,bus=pcie -device virtio-net-pci,addr=0x0.0x3,bus=pcie,netdev=net -device virtio-rng-pci,addr=0x0.0x4,bus=pcie -display cocoa,gl=es -drive "if=pflash,format=raw,file=$d/share/qemu/edk2-aarch64-code.fd,readonly=on" -drive "if=pflash,format=raw,file=$d/var/edk2-arm-vars.fd" -drive "id=virtio,if=none,format=raw,file=$d/var/virtio.raw,discard=on" -device virtio-blk-pci,addr=0x0.0x5,backend_defaults=on,bus=pcie,drive=virtio -audiodev coreaudio,id=audio,out.fixed-settings=false -netdev vmnet-shared,id=net -chardev qemu-vdagent,id=spice,name=vdagent,clipboard=on -device virtio-serial-pci,addr=0x0.0x6,bus=pcie -device virtserialport,chardev=spice,name=com.redhat.spice.0 -run-with user="$(id -u):$(id -g)" "$@"
EOF
chmod a+x run

Just FYI UTM is using @akihikodaki patches and it gets :

root@myhostname ~ # glxgears -info
Running synchronized to the vertical refresh.  The framerate should be
approximately the same as the monitor refresh rate.
GL_RENDERER   = virgl (ANGLE (Apple, Apple M4 Pro, OpenGL 4.1 Metal - 89.4))
GL_VERSION    = 2.1 Mesa 25.1.4-arch1.1
GL_VENDOR     = Mesa
GL_EXTENSIONS = GL_ARB_multisample GL_EXT_abgr GL_EXT_bgra GL_EXT_blend_color GL_EXT_blend_minmax GL_EXT_blend_subtract GL_EXT_copy_texture GL_EXT_subtexture GL_EXT_texture_object GL_EXT_vertex_array GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array GL_EXT_texture GL_EXT_texture3D GL_IBM_rasterpos_clip GL_ARB_point_parameters GL_EXT_draw_range_elements GL_EXT_packed_pixels GL_EXT_point_parameters GL_EXT_rescale_normal GL_EXT_separate_specular_color GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap GL_SGIS_texture_border_clamp GL_SGIS_texture_edge_clamp GL_SGIS_texture_lod GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB GL_ARB_multitexture GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB GL_IBM_multimode_draw_arrays GL_IBM_texture_mirrored_repeat GL_ARB_texture_cube_map GL_ARB_texture_env_add GL_ARB_transpose_matrix GL_EXT_blend_func_separate GL_EXT_fog_coord GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays GL_EXT_secondary_color GL_EXT_texture_env_add GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias GL_INGR_blend_func_separate GL_NV_blend_square GL_NV_light_max_exponent GL_NV_texgen_reflection GL_NV_texture_env_combine4 GL_S3_s3tc GL_SUN_multi_draw_arrays GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp GL_ARB_texture_compression GL_EXT_framebuffer_object GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc GL_EXT_texture_env_combine GL_EXT_texture_env_dot3 GL_MESA_window_pos GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil GL_NV_texture_rectangle GL_ARB_depth_texture GL_ARB_occlusion_query GL_ARB_shadow GL_ARB_texture_env_combine GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3 GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat GL_ARB_window_pos GL_ATI_fragment_shader GL_EXT_stencil_two_side GL_EXT_texture_cube_map GL_NV_depth_clamp GL_NV_fog_distance GL_NV_half_float GL_APPLE_packed_pixels GL_ARB_draw_buffers GL_ARB_fragment_program GL_ARB_fragment_shader GL_ARB_shader_objects GL_ARB_vertex_program GL_ARB_vertex_shader GL_ATI_draw_buffers GL_ATI_texture_env_combine3 GL_ATI_texture_float GL_EXT_shadow_funcs GL_EXT_stencil_wrap GL_MESA_pack_invert GL_NV_primitive_restart GL_ARB_depth_clamp GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow GL_ARB_half_float_pixel GL_ARB_occlusion_query2 GL_ARB_point_sprite GL_ARB_shading_language_100 GL_ARB_sync GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object GL_ATI_blend_equation_separate GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate GL_OES_read_format GL_ARB_color_buffer_float GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc GL_ARB_texture_float GL_ARB_texture_rectangle GL_EXT_packed_float GL_EXT_pixel_buffer_object GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1 GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc GL_EXT_texture_rectangle GL_EXT_texture_sRGB GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent GL_ARB_framebuffer_object GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil GL_ARB_vertex_array_object GL_ATI_separate_stencil GL_EXT_draw_buffers2 GL_EXT_draw_instanced GL_EXT_gpu_program_parameters GL_EXT_texture_array GL_EXT_texture_integer GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode GL_EXT_timer_query GL_OES_EGL_image GL_ARB_copy_buffer GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float GL_ARB_draw_instanced GL_ARB_half_float_vertex GL_ARB_instanced_arrays GL_ARB_map_buffer_range GL_ARB_texture_rg GL_ARB_texture_swizzle GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra GL_EXT_texture_swizzle GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra GL_AMD_conservative_depth GL_AMD_draw_buffers_blend GL_ARB_ES2_compatibility GL_ARB_blend_func_extended GL_ARB_debug_output GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions GL_ARB_provoking_vertex GL_ARB_sampler_objects GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod GL_ARB_texture_cube_map_array GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui GL_ARB_uniform_buffer_object GL_ARB_vertex_type_2_10_10_10_rev GL_EXT_provoking_vertex GL_EXT_texture_snorm GL_EXT_texture_storage GL_MESA_texture_signed_rgba GL_NV_copy_image GL_ARB_get_program_binary GL_ARB_robustness GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects GL_ARB_shader_bit_encoding GL_ARB_texture_compression_bptc GL_ARB_timer_query GL_ARB_transform_feedback2 GL_ARB_transform_feedback3 GL_EXT_direct_state_access GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt3 GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt5 GL_ARB_base_instance GL_ARB_compressed_texture_pixel_storage GL_ARB_conservative_depth GL_ARB_internalformat_query GL_ARB_map_buffer_alignment GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack GL_ARB_shading_language_packing GL_ARB_texture_storage GL_ARB_transform_feedback_instanced GL_EXT_transform_feedback GL_AMD_shader_trinary_minmax GL_ARB_ES3_compatibility GL_ARB_arrays_of_arrays GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object GL_ARB_explicit_uniform_location GL_ARB_invalidate_subdata GL_ARB_program_interface_query GL_ARB_texture_query_levels GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding GL_KHR_debug GL_KHR_texture_compression_astc_ldr GL_ARB_clear_texture GL_ARB_internalformat_query2 GL_ARB_multi_bind GL_ARB_shading_language_include GL_EXT_debug_label GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix GL_ARB_get_texture_sub_image GL_KHR_context_flush_control GL_ARB_parallel_shader_compile GL_KHR_no_error GL_KHR_texture_compression_astc_sliced_3d GL_ARB_gl_spirv GL_ARB_spirv_extensions GL_MESA_shader_integer_functions GL_ARB_texture_filter_anisotropic GL_KHR_parallel_shader_compile GL_EXT_EGL_image_storage GL_EXT_EGL_sync GL_EXT_EGL_image_storage_compression GL_NV_ES1_1_compatibility 

so glxgears is able to use Mesa driver.intresting. wt., 1 lip 2025 o 07:15 startergo ***@***.***> napisał(a):

…

***@***.**** commented on this gist. ------------------------------ Just FYI UTM is using @akihikodaki <https://github.com/akihikodaki> patches and it gets : ***@***.*** ~ # glxgears -info Running synchronized to the vertical refresh. The framerate should be approximately the same as the monitor refresh rate. GL_RENDERER = virgl (ANGLE (Apple, Apple M4 Pro, OpenGL 4.1 Metal - 89.4)) GL_VERSION = 2.1 Mesa 25.1.4-arch1.1 GL_VENDOR = Mesa GL_EXTENSIONS = GL_ARB_multisample GL_EXT_abgr GL_EXT_bgra GL_EXT_blend_color GL_EXT_blend_minmax GL_EXT_blend_subtract GL_EXT_copy_texture GL_EXT_subtexture GL_EXT_texture_object GL_EXT_vertex_array GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array GL_EXT_texture GL_EXT_texture3D GL_IBM_rasterpos_clip GL_ARB_point_parameters GL_EXT_draw_range_elements GL_EXT_packed_pixels GL_EXT_point_parameters GL_EXT_rescale_normal GL_EXT_separate_specular_color GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap GL_SGIS_texture_border_clamp GL_SGIS_texture_edge_clamp GL_SGIS_texture_lod GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB GL_ARB_multitexture GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB GL_IBM_multimode_draw_arrays GL_IBM_texture_mirrored_repeat GL_ARB_texture_cube_map GL_ARB_texture_env_add GL_ARB_transpose_matrix GL_EXT_blend_func_separate GL_EXT_fog_coord GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays GL_EXT_secondary_color GL_EXT_texture_env_add GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias GL_INGR_blend_func_separate GL_NV_blend_square GL_NV_light_max_exponent GL_NV_texgen_reflection GL_NV_texture_env_combine4 GL_S3_s3tc GL_SUN_multi_draw_arrays GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp GL_ARB_texture_compression GL_EXT_framebuffer_object GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc GL_EXT_texture_env_combine GL_EXT_texture_env_dot3 GL_MESA_window_pos GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil GL_NV_texture_rectangle GL_ARB_depth_texture GL_ARB_occlusion_query GL_ARB_shadow GL_ARB_texture_env_combine GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3 GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat GL_ARB_window_pos GL_ATI_fragment_shader GL_EXT_stencil_two_side GL_EXT_texture_cube_map GL_NV_depth_clamp GL_NV_fog_distance GL_NV_half_float GL_APPLE_packed_pixels GL_ARB_draw_buffers GL_ARB_fragment_program GL_ARB_fragment_shader GL_ARB_shader_objects GL_ARB_vertex_program GL_ARB_vertex_shader GL_ATI_draw_buffers GL_ATI_texture_env_combine3 GL_ATI_texture_float GL_EXT_shadow_funcs GL_EXT_stencil_wrap GL_MESA_pack_invert GL_NV_primitive_restart GL_ARB_depth_clamp GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow GL_ARB_half_float_pixel GL_ARB_occlusion_query2 GL_ARB_point_sprite GL_ARB_shading_language_100 GL_ARB_sync GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object GL_ATI_blend_equation_separate GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate GL_OES_read_format GL_ARB_color_buffer_float GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc GL_ARB_texture_float GL_ARB_texture_rectangle GL_EXT_packed_float GL_EXT_pixel_buffer_object GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1 GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc GL_EXT_texture_rectangle GL_EXT_texture_sRGB GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent GL_ARB_framebuffer_object GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil GL_ARB_vertex_array_object GL_ATI_separate_stencil GL_EXT_draw_buffers2 GL_EXT_draw_instanced GL_EXT_gpu_program_parameters GL_EXT_texture_array GL_EXT_texture_integer GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode GL_EXT_timer_query GL_OES_EGL_image GL_ARB_copy_buffer GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float GL_ARB_draw_instanced GL_ARB_half_float_vertex GL_ARB_instanced_arrays GL_ARB_map_buffer_range GL_ARB_texture_rg GL_ARB_texture_swizzle GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra GL_EXT_texture_swizzle GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra GL_AMD_conservative_depth GL_AMD_draw_buffers_blend GL_ARB_ES2_compatibility GL_ARB_blend_func_extended GL_ARB_debug_output GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions GL_ARB_provoking_vertex GL_ARB_sampler_objects GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod GL_ARB_texture_cube_map_array GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui GL_ARB_uniform_buffer_object GL_ARB_vertex_type_2_10_10_10_rev GL_EXT_provoking_vertex GL_EXT_texture_snorm GL_EXT_texture_storage GL_MESA_texture_signed_rgba GL_NV_copy_image GL_ARB_get_program_binary GL_ARB_robustness GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects GL_ARB_shader_bit_encoding GL_ARB_texture_compression_bptc GL_ARB_timer_query GL_ARB_transform_feedback2 GL_ARB_transform_feedback3 GL_EXT_direct_state_access GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt3 GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt5 GL_ARB_base_instance GL_ARB_compressed_texture_pixel_storage GL_ARB_conservative_depth GL_ARB_internalformat_query GL_ARB_map_buffer_alignment GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack GL_ARB_shading_language_packing GL_ARB_texture_storage GL_ARB_transform_feedback_instanced GL_EXT_transform_feedback GL_AMD_shader_trinary_minmax GL_ARB_ES3_compatibility GL_ARB_arrays_of_arrays GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object GL_ARB_explicit_uniform_location GL_ARB_invalidate_subdata GL_ARB_program_interface_query GL_ARB_texture_query_levels GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding GL_KHR_debug GL_KHR_texture_compression_astc_ldr GL_ARB_clear_texture GL_ARB_internalformat_query2 GL_ARB_multi_bind GL_ARB_shading_language_include GL_EXT_debug_label GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix GL_ARB_get_texture_sub_image GL_KHR_context_flush_control GL_ARB_parallel_shader_compile GL_KHR_no_error GL_KHR_texture_compression_astc_sliced_3d GL_ARB_gl_spirv GL_ARB_spirv_extensions GL_MESA_shader_integer_functions GL_ARB_texture_filter_anisotropic GL_KHR_parallel_shader_compile GL_EXT_EGL_image_storage GL_EXT_EGL_sync GL_EXT_EGL_image_storage_compression GL_NV_ES1_1_compatibility — Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub <https://gist.github.com/akihikodaki/87df4149e7ca87f18dc56807ec5a1bc5#gistcomment-5651510> or unsubscribe <https://github.com/notifications/unsubscribe-auth/AAEQPFSDWTMOKVUYTCBAJU33GIKQRBFKMF2HI4TJMJ2XIZLTSKBKK5TBNR2WLJDUOJ2WLJDOMFWWLO3UNBZGKYLEL5YGC4TUNFRWS4DBNZ2F6YLDORUXM2LUPGBKK5TBNR2WLJDHNFZXJJDOMFWWLK3UNBZGKYLEL52HS4DFVRZXKYTKMVRXIX3UPFYGLK2HNFZXIQ3PNVWWK3TUUZ2G64DJMNZZDAVEOR4XAZNEM5UXG5FFOZQWY5LFVEYTANZXGA3TSNJUU52HE2LHM5SXFJTDOJSWC5DF> . 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