Every guide on the internet is wrong except this one. This is for drives up to 2TB.
- Make the partition table
fdisk /dev/sdx
o create a new empty MBR (DOS) partition table
n add a new partition
# accept all defaults
# remove signature if prompted
t change a partition type
0b for 'W95 FAT32'
w write table to disk and exit
- Make the partition
mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n UPPERELEVEN /dev/sdx1 # name in uppercase and <= 11 characters