How do I install drivers for the Atheros AR8161 Ethernet controller?

Atheros-AR8161-install.sh

#!/bin/bash
# From: http://askubuntu.com/questions/165192/how-do-i-install-drivers-for-the-atheros-ar8161-ethernet-controller

echo 'Rebuilding drivers for Atheros ar8161 Ethernet Controller...'
echo 'Internet required for this to work'
cd ~
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic linux-headers-`uname -r`
wget -O- http://linuxwireless.org/download/compat-wireless-2.6/compat-wireless-2012-07-03-pc.tar.bz2 | tar -xj
cd compat-wireless-2012-07-03-pc
./scripts/driver-select alx
make
sudo make install
echo 'Make Completed...'
sudo modprobe alx
echo "
Reloading drivers..."
echo "Removing files: compat-wireless-2012-07-03-pc"
rm -rfv ~/compat-wireless-2012-07-03-pc

# optionally if this doesn't work restart:
# sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

In order to execute this just curl and redirect output to bash (url to raw may change):

curl -o- https://gist.github.com/raw/3406323/f95c4f08ced19afbd9f1fa56198f5596693a8361/Atheros-AR8161-install.sh | bash

This is now in backports (for Ubuntu at the least):
sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-cw-3.6-precise-generic
and then:
sudo modprobe alx

This package may also be available in higher versions - >=3.6 so check the repos first.

For Debian you can search for alx in the repos.