python bytecode

python-bytecode

bash-3.2$ python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Feb  6 2017, 23:53:20) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 8.0.0 (clang-800.0.34)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> def func(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8, arg9, arg10, arg11, arg12):
def func(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8, arg9, arg10, arg11, arg12):
...     return arg1+arg2+arg3+arg4+arg5+arg6+arg7+arg8+arg9+arg10+arg11+arg12
    return arg1+arg2+arg3+arg4+arg5+arg6+arg7+arg8+arg9+arg10+arg11+arg12
... 

>>> import dis
import dis
>>> dis.dis(func.func_code)
dis.dis(func.func_code)
  2           0 LOAD_FAST                0 (arg1)
              3 LOAD_FAST                1 (arg2)
              6 BINARY_ADD          
              7 LOAD_FAST                2 (arg3)
             10 BINARY_ADD          
             11 LOAD_FAST                3 (arg4)
             14 BINARY_ADD          
             15 LOAD_FAST                4 (arg5)
             18 BINARY_ADD          
             19 LOAD_FAST                5 (arg6)
             22 BINARY_ADD          
             23 LOAD_FAST                6 (arg7)
             26 BINARY_ADD          
             27 LOAD_FAST                7 (arg8)
             30 BINARY_ADD          
             31 LOAD_FAST                8 (arg9)
             34 BINARY_ADD          
             35 LOAD_FAST                9 (arg10)
             38 BINARY_ADD          
             39 LOAD_FAST               10 (arg11)
             42 BINARY_ADD          
             43 LOAD_FAST               11 (arg12)
             46 BINARY_ADD          
             47 RETURN_VALUE        
>>> def func2(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8, arg9, arg10, arg11, arg12):
def func2(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8, arg9, arg10, arg11, arg12):
...     return (arg1+arg2+arg3+arg4+arg5+arg6+arg7+arg8+arg9+arg10+arg11)*arg12
    return (arg1+arg2+arg3+arg4+arg5+arg6+arg7+arg8+arg9+arg10+arg11)*arg12
... 

>>> dis.dis(func2.func_code)
dis.dis(func2.func_code)
  2           0 LOAD_FAST                0 (arg1)
              3 LOAD_FAST                1 (arg2)
              6 BINARY_ADD          
              7 LOAD_FAST                2 (arg3)
             10 BINARY_ADD          
             11 LOAD_FAST                3 (arg4)
             14 BINARY_ADD          
             15 LOAD_FAST                4 (arg5)
             18 BINARY_ADD          
             19 LOAD_FAST                5 (arg6)
             22 BINARY_ADD          
             23 LOAD_FAST                6 (arg7)
             26 BINARY_ADD          
             27 LOAD_FAST                7 (arg8)
             30 BINARY_ADD          
             31 LOAD_FAST                8 (arg9)
             34 BINARY_ADD          
             35 LOAD_FAST                9 (arg10)
             38 BINARY_ADD          
             39 LOAD_FAST               10 (arg11)
             42 BINARY_ADD          
             43 LOAD_FAST               11 (arg12)
             46 BINARY_MULTIPLY     
             47 RETURN_VALUE        
>>> def func3(f):
def func3(f):
...     return f(1,2)
    return f(1,2)
... 

>>> dis.dis(func3.func_code)
dis.dis(func3.func_code)
  2           0 LOAD_FAST                0 (f)
              3 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)
              6 LOAD_CONST               2 (2)
              9 CALL_FUNCTION            2
             12 RETURN_VALUE        
>>> dir(dis)
dir(dis)
['EXTENDED_ARG', 'HAVE_ARGUMENT', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '_have_code', '_test', 'cmp_op', 'dis', 'disassemble', 'disassemble_string', 'disco', 'distb', 'findlabels', 'findlinestarts', 'hascompare', 'hasconst', 'hasfree', 'hasjabs', 'hasjrel', 'haslocal', 'hasname', 'opmap', 'opname', 'sys', 'types']
>>> def func4(f, arg1, arg2):
def func4(f, arg1, arg2):
...     return f(arg1, arg2)
    return f(arg1, arg2)
... 

>>> dis.dis(func4.func_code)
dis.dis(func4.func_code)
  2           0 LOAD_FAST                0 (f)
              3 LOAD_FAST                1 (arg1)
              6 LOAD_FAST                2 (arg2)
              9 CALL_FUNCTION            2
             12 RETURN_VALUE        
>>> def test_var_args(farg, *args):
    print "formal arg:", farg
    for arg in args:
        print "another arg:", arg
def test_var_args(farg, *args):
    print "formal arg:", farg
    for arg in args:
        print "another arg:", arg
... ... ... ... 

>>> dis.dis(test_var_args)
dis.dis(test_var_args)
  2           0 LOAD_CONST               1 ('formal arg:')
              3 PRINT_ITEM          
              4 LOAD_FAST                0 (farg)
              7 PRINT_ITEM          
              8 PRINT_NEWLINE       

  3           9 SETUP_LOOP              23 (to 35)
             12 LOAD_FAST                1 (args)
             15 GET_ITER            
        >>   16 FOR_ITER                15 (to 34)
             19 STORE_FAST               2 (arg)

  4          22 LOAD_CONST               2 ('another arg:')
             25 PRINT_ITEM          
             26 LOAD_FAST                2 (arg)
             29 PRINT_ITEM          
             30 PRINT_NEWLINE       
             31 JUMP_ABSOLUTE           16
        >>   34 POP_BLOCK           
        >>   35 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
             38 RETURN_VALUE        
>>>