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# Bind keys
tmux bind-key h select-pane -L # bind h to select left pane
tmux bind-key -r j resize-pane -D # bind j to resize down (repeatable)
tmux bind-key -n C-h select-pane -L # bind without prefix# Send keys
tmux send-keys -t mysession:1 'ls -la' Enter
tmux send-keys -t 1.2 C-c # send Ctrl+C to pane 2
Option Commands
Command
Options
Description
set-option
-a, -g, -o, -q, -s, -u, -w
Set session/window option
set-window-option
-a, -g, -o, -q, -u
Set window option
show-options
-A, -g, -H, -q, -s, -v, -w
Show options
show-window-options
-g, -v
Show window options
Option Examples
# Set options
tmux set-option -g prefix C-a # global prefix key
tmux set-option -g mouse on # enable mouse globally
tmux set-window-option -g mode-keys vi # vi keys in copy mode# Show options
tmux show-options -g # show global options
tmux show-options -g prefix # show specific option
Environment Commands
Command
Options
Description
set-environment
-g, -r, -u
Set environment variable
show-environment
-g, -s, -t target
Show environment
Advanced CLI Usage
# Multiple commands in one line
tmux new-session -d -s dev \; split-window -h \; select-pane -t 0
# Conditional execution
tmux has-session -t mysession 2>/dev/null && tmux attach -t mysession || tmux new -s mysession
# Format strings for output
tmux list-sessions -F "Session: #{session_name} (#{session_windows} windows)"
tmux list-panes -F "#{pane_id}: #{pane_current_command} in #{pane_current_path}"# Using tmux in scripts#!/bin/bashif! tmux has-session -t work 2>/dev/null;then
tmux new-session -d -s work -c ~/projects
tmux split-window -h -c ~/projects
tmux new-window -c ~/logs -n logs
fi
tmux attach-session -t work
Common Format Variables
Variable
Description
#{session_name}
Session name
#{session_windows}
Number of windows in session
#{window_name}
Window name
#{window_index}
Window index
#{pane_id}
Pane identifier
#{pane_current_command}
Current command in pane
#{pane_current_path}
Current path in pane
#{client_width}
Client width
#{client_height}
Client height
Session Management
Creating & Attaching Sessions
Command
Description
tmux
Start new session
tmux new -s <name>
Start new session with name
tmux new -s <name> -d
Start new detached session
tmux ls
List all sessions
tmux list-sessions
List all sessions (verbose)
tmux attach
Attach to last session
tmux attach -t <name>
Attach to named session
tmux a -t <name>
Attach to named session (short)
Inside tmux Session
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + d
Detach from session
<prefix> + D
Choose session to detach
<prefix> + s
List and switch sessions
<prefix> + $
Rename current session
<prefix> + (
Switch to previous session
<prefix> + )
Switch to next session
<prefix> + L
Switch to last used session
Killing Sessions
Command
Description
tmux kill-session -t <name>
Kill named session
tmux kill-session -a
Kill all sessions except current
tmux kill-server
Kill tmux server and all sessions
<prefix> + x
Kill current pane/window
Window Management
Creating & Navigation
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + c
Create new window
<prefix> + ,
Rename current window
<prefix> + n
Next window
<prefix> + p
Previous window
<prefix> + l
Switch to last used window
<prefix> + w
List windows (interactive)
<prefix> + f
Find window by name
<prefix> + 0-9
Switch to window by number
<prefix> + '
Switch to window by number (prompt)
Window Operations
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + &
Kill current window
<prefix> + .
Move current window (prompt for number)
<prefix> + <
Move window left
<prefix> + >
Move window right
Window Monitoring
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + M
Monitor window for activity
<prefix> + m
Monitor window for silence
Pane Management
Creating & Splitting
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + %
Split pane horizontally (left/right)
<prefix> + "
Split pane vertically (top/bottom)
<prefix> + c
Create new window (single pane)
Navigation
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + ←↑↓→
Navigate between panes
<prefix> + h/j/k/l
Navigate panes (vim-style, if configured)
<prefix> + o
Switch to next pane
<prefix> + ;
Switch to last used pane
<prefix> + q
Show pane numbers
<prefix> + q + 0-9
Switch to pane by number
Resizing Panes
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + Ctrl+←↑↓→
Resize pane in direction
<prefix> + Alt+←↑↓→
Resize pane in direction (5 cells)
<prefix> + z
Toggle pane zoom (full screen)
Pane Operations
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + x
Kill current pane
<prefix> + !
Break pane into new window
<prefix> + {
Move current pane left
<prefix> + }
Move current pane right
<prefix> + Ctrl+o
Rotate panes clockwise
<prefix> + Alt+o
Rotate panes counter-clockwise
Pane Layouts
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + Space
Cycle through predefined layouts
<prefix> + Alt+1
Even horizontal layout
<prefix> + Alt+2
Even vertical layout
<prefix> + Alt+3
Main horizontal layout
<prefix> + Alt+4
Main vertical layout
<prefix> + Alt+5
Tiled layout
Pane Synchronization
Shortcut
Description
:setw synchronize-panes on
Synchronize input to all panes
:setw synchronize-panes off
Turn off synchronization
<prefix> + :
Enter command mode
Copy Mode & Scrolling
Entering Copy Mode
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + [
Enter copy mode
<prefix> + PgUp
Enter copy mode and scroll up
Navigation in Copy Mode (vi-mode)
Shortcut
Description
h/j/k/l
Move cursor left/down/up/right
w/b
Move word forward/backward
0/$
Move to start/end of line
g/G
Move to start/end of buffer
Ctrl+b/Ctrl+f
Page up/down
/
Search forward
?
Search backward
n/N
Next/previous search result
Selection & Copying (vi-mode)
Shortcut
Description
Space
Start selection
Enter
Copy selection and exit copy mode
v
Start visual selection
V
Start line-wise selection
y
Copy selection
Escape
Clear selection
q
Exit copy mode
Emacs-mode Copy Commands
Shortcut
Description
Ctrl+Space
Start selection
Ctrl+w
Copy selection
Alt+w
Copy selection (alternative)
Pasting
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + ]
Paste last copied text
<prefix> + =
Choose buffer to paste from
<prefix> + #
List paste buffers
Status Bar & Monitoring
Status Bar Controls
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + t
Show time
<prefix> + i
Display window information
Command Mode
Shortcut
Description
<prefix> + :
Enter command mode
:source-file ~/.tmux.conf
Reload configuration
:list-keys
List all key bindings
:list-commands
List all commands
:show-options -g
Show global options
:show-options -w
Show window options
Configuration
Basic .tmux.conf Settings
# Change prefix key to Ctrl+aset -g prefix C-a
unbind C-b
bind C-a send-prefix
# Enable mouse supportset -g mouse on
# Vi mode for copy mode
setw -g mode-keys vi
# Start windows and panes at 1, not 0set -g base-index 1
setw -g pane-base-index 1
# Renumber windows when one is closedset -g renumber-windows on
# Increase scrollback bufferset -g history-limit 10000
# Enable 256 colorsset -g default-terminal "screen-256color"# Status bar customizationset -g status-bg black
set -g status-fg white
set -g status-left '[#S] 'set -g status-right '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M'# Pane border colorsset -g pane-border-style fg=black
set -g pane-active-border-style fg=red
# Window activity monitoring
setw -g monitor-activity on
set -g visual-activity on
Custom Key Bindings
# Vim-style pane navigationbind h select-pane -L
bind j select-pane -D
bind k select-pane -U
bind l select-pane -R
# Vim-style pane resizingbind -r H resize-pane -L 5
bind -r J resize-pane -D 5
bind -r K resize-pane -U 5
bind -r L resize-pane -R 5
# Split panes more intuitivelybind| split-window -h
bind - split-window -v
# Quick pane synchronization togglebind S setw synchronize-panes
# Easy config reloadbind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; display-message "Config reloaded!"
