Skip to content

Instantly share code, notes, and snippets.

@demoive

demoive/Bash Notes

Last active July 31, 2020 19:07
Download ZIP

Revisions

  1. demoive revised this gist Aug 2, 2015. 1 changed file with 7 additions and 0 deletions.
    7 changes: 7 additions & 0 deletions Bash Notes
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
    # use:
    # .bash_profile - only gets executed for login bash shells
    # .bashrc - only gets executed for NON-login bash shells for only NON-login shells
    # .profile - gets executed for ANY login shell
    # .bash_logout - only gets executed for bash shells after logout


    # Sets the prompt:
    #PS1='\h:\w \u\$ '
    #PS2='> '
  2. demoive revised this gist Aug 2, 2015. 1 changed file with 33 additions and 0 deletions.
    33 changes: 33 additions & 0 deletions Bash Notes
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -1,3 +1,36 @@
    # Sets the prompt:
    #PS1='\h:\w \u\$ '
    #PS2='> '

    #PS1='[\!] \h:\w \$ '

    # \a - The ASCII bell character (you can also type \007)
    # \d - Date in "Wed Sep 06" format
    # \e - ASCII escape character (you can also type \033)
    # \h - First part of hostname (such as "mybox")
    # \H - Full hostname (such as "mybox.mydomain.com")
    # \j - The number of processes you've suspended in this shell by hitting ^Z
    # \l - The name of the shell's terminal device (such as "ttyp4")
    # \n - Newline
    # \r - Carriage return
    # \s - The name of the shell executable (such as "bash")
    # \t - Time in 24-hour format (such as "23:01:01")
    # \T - Time in 12-hour format (such as "11:01:01")
    # \@ - Time in 12-hour format with am/pm
    # \u - Your username
    # \v - Version of bash (such as 2.04)
    # \V - Bash version, including patchlevel
    # \w - Current working directory (such as "/home/pravila")
    # \W - The "basename" of the current working directory (such as "pravila")
    # \! - Current command's position in the history buffer
    # \# - Command number (this will count up at each prompt, as long as you type something)
    # \$ - If you are not root, inserts a "$"; if you are root, you get a "#"
    # \xxx - Inserts an ASCII character based on three-digit number xxx (replace unused digits with zeros, such as "\007")
    # \\ - A backslash
    # \[ - This sequence should appear before a sequence of characters that don't move the cursor (like color escape sequences). This allows bash to calculate word wrapping correctly.
    # \] - This sequence should appear after a sequence of non-printing characters.


    # These "defaults" commands help adjust (usually hidden) settings in Mac OS X

    # defaults domains
  3. demoive created this gist Aug 2, 2015.
    530 changes: 530 additions & 0 deletions Bash Notes
    View file
    Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
    @@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
    # These "defaults" commands help adjust (usually hidden) settings in Mac OS X

    # defaults domains
    # defaults read [domain]
    # defaults read-type [domain] [key]
    # defaults delete [domain] [key]

    # Dock
    # defaults write com.apple.dock no-glass -boolean [yes] - doesn't use the deafult glass tray look of Leopard when Dock is on the bottom
    # defaults write com.apple.dock mineffect -string [suck] - defines the minimization effect of windows
    # defaults write com.apple.dock pinning -string [middle | start | end] - defines the alignment of the dock
    # defaults write com.apple.dock orientation -string [top] - defines location of the dock
    # defaults write com.apple.dock showhidden -boolean [yes] - enable transparent icons for hidden applications
    # defaults write com.apple.dock showshadow -boolean [yes] - show dock shaddow
    # defaults write com.apple.dock AppleShowAllFiles -boolean [yes] - show hidden items in folders and disks
    # defaults write com.apple.dock largesize -int [512] - change magnification size
    # defaults write com.apple.dock single-app -boolean [yes] - toggles only one program visible (same as Cmd + Opt + clicking a program in the dock)

    # Finder
    # defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -boolean [yes] - show hidden files in finder
    # defaults write com.apple.finder ProhibitEmptyTrash -boolean [yes] - prohibits the Trash from being emptied (prank)
    # defaults write com.apple.finder CreateDesktop -int 0 - no icons displayed on desktop (prank)

    # Expose
    # defaults write com.apple.dock wvous-floater -boolean [yes] - shows the useless "Expose blob"
    # defaults write com.apple.dock wvous-showcorners -boolean [yes] - shows the active screen corners of Expose
    # defaults write com.apple.dock wvous-olddesktop -boolean [no] - defines the "desktop" feature of Expose (buggy)

    # Dashboard
    # defaults write com.apple.dashboard mcx-disabled -boolean [yes] - disables the dashboard

    # Safari
    # defaults write com.apple.Safari IncludeDebugMenu -bool [yes] - show Debug menu
    # defaults write.com.apple.Safari WebIconDatabaseEnabled -bool NO - dissable favicons

    # iTunes
    # defaults write com.apple.iTunes invertStoreLinks -bool YES - little arrows search your library rather than the Music Store (v4.5)

    # Global (USE WITH CAUTION)
    # defaults write com.apple.screencapture type -string [extension] - file type that screen shot is saved as (bmp/gif/jpg/jp2/pdf/pict/png/psd/sgi/tga/tiff)
    # defaults write com.apple.screencapture location -string [path] - location screenshot is saved
    # defaults write com.apple.screencapture name -string [name] - name of file
    # killall SystemUIServer; open /System/Library/CoreServices/SystemUIServer.app/
    # defaults write -g AppleScrollBarVarient -string DoubleMin - put both scroll arrows on top (left)
    # defaults write -g AppleScrollBarVarient -string DoubeMax - put both scroll arrows on bottom (right)
    # defaults write -g AppleScrollBarVarient -string DoubleBoth - put both scroll arrows on both sides
    # defaults write -g AppleScrollBarVarient -string Single - put single scroll arrows

    # Login Window (USE WITH CAUTION)
    # defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow LoginwindowText -string "Login Greeting"
    # defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow LoginwindowText-FontSize -int 12
    # defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow Kiosk -int 1 - doesn't allow anyone to shutdown/restart/logout (unless: sudo shutdown -h now)
    # defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow RetriesUntilHint -int 1 - 0 means won't ever show hints
    # defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow DesktopPicture "/Path/to/picture/you/want/to/use/image.jpg"

    # (note, you can click on the grayed txt above greeting to see different info about the computer)




    # Good Finder Keyboard Shortcuts:

    # Ctr+F2 Access Apple Menu Toolbar
    # Cmd+Shift+C Open Computer
    # Cmd+Shift+H Open Home Directory
    # Cmd+Shift+A Open Applications Folder
    # Cmd+Shift+U Open Utilities Folder (Open URL in Camino)
    # Cmd+Shift+G Go to...
    # Cmd+Shift+Y Open up Stickies
    # Cmd+Shift+F Perform Spotlight search on highlighted txt
    # Cmd+Shift+L Open up Safari (searches highlighted txt with Google)
    # Cmd+Shift+K Open Networks
    # Cmd+Shift+C Open Computer
    # Cmd+Shift+I Connect to iDisk
    # Cmd+Opt+D Toggle Dock hiding

    # Universal Access
    # Cmd+Opt+* Turn on Zoom
    # Cmd+Opt++ Zoom in
    # Cmd+Opt+- Zoom out
    # Cmd+Opt+Ctr+* Negative colors on screen
    # Ctr+F1 Turn on Full Keyboard Access (allows the following commands):
    # Ctr+F2 Focus to Apple Menu
    # Ctr+F3 Focus to Dock
    # Ctr+F4 Toggle between all windows
    # Ctr+F5 Focus to Toolbar
    # Ctr+F6 Focus to Utility Palette (if open in an application)

    # Cmd+D Duplicate
    # Cmd+L Create an Alias
    # Cmd+R Show Original

    # Cmd+Opt+Eject Sleep
    # Cmd+Ctr+Eject Restart
    # Cmd+Opt+Ctr+Eject Shutdown
    # Cmd+Shift+Q Logout
    # Cmd+Opt+Shift+Q Immediate Logout



    # Startup

    # Cmd+V - Verbose Mode: shows console messages during boot & shutdown
    # Cmd+S - Single User Mode
    # Shift - Safe Mode: disables login items and non-essential kernel extensions
    # C - Boot from internal CD-ROM drive
    # D - Boot from internal disc (if the default boot device has been set to something else)
    # X - Force Mac OS X Start up
    # N - Boot from Network
    # T - Boot into Firewire Target Mode (boots as external HD when connected to another machine)
    # Mouse Button - Eject floppy disc before starting up

    # Cmd+Opt+O+F - Boot into "Open Firmware" mode to configure various properties of your system related to booting.
    # ls - lists the devices below the current node in the device tree (similar to ls in a filesystem)
    # pwd - lists the location of the current node in the device tree (similar to pwd in a filesystem)
    # printenv - prints the current and default values of the settings in the Open Firmware environment
    # eject fd - eject a floppy disk
    # eject cd - eject the CD-ROM drive
    # shut-down - permanently store the Open Firmware environment variables and power down the computer
    # mac-boot - Boot Mac OS on an Open Firmware 3 system



    # Classic UNIX multi-user login mode

    # At the OS X login window, type
    # >console
    # for the user and leave the password field blank.




    # Hide the menu bar and dock for any application.
    # Add the following 2 lines to the "info.plist" of any Cocoa application
    # right below the <dict> entry:
    #
    # <key>LSUIPresentationMode</key>
    # <integer>4</integer>



    # fs_usage



    # tidy
    # tidy -ic -asxhtml -wrap 9999 -o out.html in.html
    # tidy -ic -asxhtml -wrap 9999 -m replace.html




    # System Preference Titles
    # /Applications/System Preferences.app/Contents/Resources/English.lproj/NSPrefPaneGroups.strings




    # Dock files
    # /System/Library/CoreServices/Dock/Contents/Resources



    # Extract all the email addresses from the Address Book
    # sqlite3 ~/Library/Application\ Support/AddressBook/AddressBook-v22.abcddb "select ZADDRESSNORMALIZED from ZABCDEMAILADDRESS;" | sort | uniq



    # Location of the default wallpaper
    # /System/Library/CoreServices/DefaultDesktop.jpg




    # Terminal login greeting:
    # /etc/motd




    # Batch changes in vim
    # vim -c "argdo %s/ABC/DEF/ge | x" *.c
    # vim -e -s file.txt < thefilter




    # runs screen saver as desktop (use kill to stop)
    # /System/Library/Frameworks/ScreenSaver.framework/Resources/ScreenSaverEngine.app/Contents/MacOS/ScreenSaverEngine -background &




    # show your routing table
    # netstat -r -f inet -n



    # backup
    # cd ~/
    # rsync -n -auEv --delete --exclude=/.Trash/ --exclude=/Music/ ./ /Volumes/iPaul/bkup/Tiger/ | grep -v "/._" | grep -v "/$" | tee /Volumes/iPaul/bkup/2006.05.08.log



    # Show Login Window (Lock Computer)
    # /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/User.menu/Contents/Resources/CGSession -suspend



    # http://www.macworld.com/weblogs/macosxhints/2007/03/peekinstall/index.php?lsrc=mwrss
    # List the contents of an installer file
    # (inside the "Content" folder of a package:
    #
    # lsbom Archive.bom | more
    # or
    # gzip -cd archive.pax.gz | pax | more




    # Applescript
    # do shell script "rsync -aE --delete "What to backup" "Where to backup" || echo -n"



    # redirect specific outputs on the command line shell (with sh)
    #
    # 1> stdout
    # 2> stderr
    # 0> stdin
    #
    # ls > file 2>&1 send stderr (2) to the same place as stdout(1)
    # ls 1>file1 2>file2 redirect stdout to file1 and stderr to file2
    # ls >&output.txt redirect both stdout & stderr
    #





    # Great system monitoring commands (originally used in Geektool)

    # top -FR -cd -o cpu -n 7 -l2 | tail -n14
    # ps -racx -o command,%cpu | head -n7 | grep -v '%'
    # netstat -ab -f inet | grep -i 'established' | sort +4
    # grep -h "^$(date '+%m/%d')" /usr/share/calendar/calendar.* | cut -f2
    # ps -arcx -o %cpu,command | awk ' { if (FNR &lt;= 6 &amp;&amp; $1 != "%CPU" &amp;&amp; $1 != "0.0") { printf("%c%c%3.1f%% ", ($1 &lt; 100 ? " " : ""), ($1 &lt; 10 ? " " : ""), $1); for (i= 2; i &lt;= NF; i++) { printf("%s ", $i); } printf("\n"); } }'
    # ifconfig | grep "inet [0-9]" | grep -v 127.0.0.1 | awk '{print $2}'; ifconfig | grep "ether" | awk '{print $2}'
    # ifconfig en1 | grep " active" (en1 is usually airport, en0 is ethernet)

    # Airport Stregnth meter:
    # while x=1; do /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport -I | grep CtlRSSI; sleep 0.5; done
    #
    # The value is in dBm, which is a logarithmic scale so that an increase of 10
    # units means a factor of 10 increase in power; an increase of 20 means a factor
    # of 100 increase in power; etc. Watching this reading, I was able to position
    # the router and antenna for maximum signal strength at various places in the
    # shed.



    # calendar -f /usr/share/calendar/
    # /usr/share/misc/



    # create iso disk image from file/directory
    # hdiutil makehybrid -verbose -iso -joliet -o <target.iso> <directory>



    # Hides a file from showing up in the finder.
    # /Developer/Tools/SetFile -a V /Volumes/Untitled/
    # /Developer/Tools/SetFile -a v /Volumes/Untitled/



    # telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl


    # for user installed binaries, put them in /usr/local/bin (and add to PATH)
    # man curl_unescape
    # man getopt
    # man iswalnum, iswalpha, iswascii, iswblank, iswcntrl, iswdigit, iswgraph, iswhexnumber, iswideogram, iswlower, iswnumber, iswphonogram, iswprint, iswpunct, iswrune, iswspace, iswspecial, iswupper, iswxdigit


    ####### Fricken really useful (and probably not well known) #######

    # tidy - validate, correct, and pretty-print HTML files
    # expand/unexpand - expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa (
    # fmt - simple text formatter
    # aspell - NOT INCLUDED WITH OS
    # htpasswd - Create and update user authentication files

    # textutil - manipulate text files ( textutil -convert html /Users/Paulo/Desktop/ProjectOutline.rtf )
    # ( textutil -convert txt /Users/Paulo/Desktop/ProjectOutline.rtf )
    # pstopdf - convert PostScript input into a PDF document
    # enscript - convert text files to PostScript ( enscript -E --color -Whtml --toc -p OUTPUT.html *.h *.c )
    # ( enscript -G2rE -U2 -p OUTPUT.ps INPUT.c )
    # ( enscript -B -E --color -p - INPUT.FILE | pstopdf -i -o OUTPUT.pdf )
    # ( textutil -stdout -convert txt INPUT.rtf | enscript -B -E --color -p - | pstopdf -i -o OUTPUT.pdf )



    # lsbom - list contents of a bom file
    # pax - read and write file archives and copy directory hierarchies


    # zipgrep - search files in a ZIP archive for lines matching a pattern
    # sips - scriptable image processing system

    # nmap - network port scanner (NOT INCLUDED WITH OS)
    # vmstat - display virtual memory statistics (NOT INCLUDED WITH OS)
    # readefl - show information and statistics about a designated elf binary (NOT INCLUDED WITH OS)
    # watch - run a command repeatedly, at specified time intervals (NOT INCLUDED WITH OS)

    # size - print the size of the sections in an object file

    # curl - transfer a URL
    # lynx - NOT INCLUDED WITH OS
    # links - NOT INCLUDED WITH OS

    # split - split a file into pieces
    # cat - concatenate and print files
    # cmp - compare two files byte by byte
    # uniq - report or filter out repeated lines in a file

    # bc - arbitrary precision calculator language
    # dc - an arbitrary precision calculator (reverse-polish)
    # units - conversion program
    # expr - evaluate expression
    # look - display lines beginning with a given string
    # dd - convert and copy a file

    # find - walk a file hierarchy ( find / -name '\.DS_Store' -exec rm -f {} \; )
    # ( find ~ -name \.DS_Store )
    # ( find ~ -name *\.app -type d )
    # tee - pipe fitting
    # strings - find the printable strings in a object, or other binary, file
    # nm - display name list (symbol table)
    # otool - object file displaying tool

    # stat - display file status
    # srm - securely remove files or directories
    # rs - reshape a data array
    # rev - reverse lines of a file


    ### Pretty interesting, and maybe even cool, but probably not common for day-to-day use
    # lock - reserve a terminal
    # leave - remind you when you have to leave
    # banner - print large banner on printer
    # figlet - convert text into a signature (NOT INCLUDED WITH OS)
    # wait4path - wait for given path to show up in the namespace

    # tiffutil - manipulates tiff files
    # tiff2icns - converts TIFF to icns format
    # ar - create and maintain library archives
    # cscope - interactively examine a C program
    # column - columnate lists
    # apropos - search the whatis database for strings
    # lam - laminate files

    # cut - select portions of each line of a file
    # csplit - split files based on context
    # comm - select or reject lines common to two files
    # colrm - remove columns from a file
    # xmllint - command line XML tool

    # screencapture - capture and manipulate clipboard contents
    # say - convert text to audible speech

    # uptime - show how long system has been running
    # last - indicate last logins of users and ttys
    # dmesg - display the system message buffer
    # ac - display connect time accounting

    # id - return user identity
    # w - display who is logged in and what they are doing
    # who - display who is on the system
    # whoami - display effect user id
    # logname - display user's login name (maybe different from whoami if su is used)
    # finger - user information lookup program

    # hostname - print the name of current host system
    # hostinfo - host information
    # uname - print Operating System name
    # sw_vers - print Mac OS X operating system version information
    # machine - print machine type
    # arch - print architecture type

    # manpath - format and display the on-line manual pages

    # netstat - show network status
    # top - display and update sorted information about processes
    # ps - process status
    # df -h/H - display free disk space
    # du -hd 0 - display disk usage statistics
    # lsof - list open files
    # cksum - display file checksums and block counts

    # pbcopy/pbpaste - provide copying and pasting to the pasteboard (the Clipboard) from command line
    # - pbpaste | wc
    # - pbpaste | xmllint -- noout - // see if clipboard contents are well XML formed
    # - ls ~/Pictures pbcopy



    # Shell tcsh bash
    # Display all shell variables set set
    # Create a shell variable set name value name=value
    # Remove a shell variable unset name unset name
    # List all environment variables env env
    # Create an environment variable setenv name value export name=value
    # Remove an environment variable unsetenv name unset name







    ####### System Tools #######

    # mdfind - finds files matching a given query
    # mdls - lists the metadata attributes for the specified file
    # mdutil - manage the metadata stores used by Spotlight
    # mdimport - import file hierarchies into the metadata datastore

    # at - queue, examine, or delete jobs for later execution
    # cron - daemon to execute scheduled commands (Vixie Cron)
    # crontab - maintain crontab files for individual users
    # nice - execute a utility with an altered scheduling priority

    # asr - Apple Software Restore; copy volumes (e.g. from disk images)
    # softwareupdate - system software update tool
    # defaults - access the Mac OS X user defaults system

    # SetFile - get attributes of files and directories (MAC OS X)
    # GetFileInfo - set attributes of files and directories (MAC OS X)





    ### Dangerously Administrative
    # su - substitute user identity
    # sudo - execute a command as another user
    # passwd - modify a user's password
    # mount - mount file systems
    # logger - make entries in the system log
    # hdiutil - manipulate disk images (attach, detach, verify, create, convert, burn)
    # deafults - access the Mac OS X user defaults system
    # bless - set volume bootability and startup disk options
    # diskutil - modify, verify and repair local disks
    # fdisk - DOS partition maintenance program
    # pmset - modify power management settings
    # shutdown - close down the system at a given time
    # iostat - report I/O statistics
    # quotaon/quotaoff - turn filesystem quotas on and off
    # quota - display disk usage and limits
    # edquota - edit user quotas
    # quot - display total block usage per user for a file system
    # repquota - summarize quotas for a file system
    # pwpolicy - gets and sets password policies
    # leaks - search a process's memory for unreferenced malloc buffers






    ####### You really should know these (if not, learn them cause they're good) #######

    # grep - print lines matching a pattern
    # awk - pattern-directed scanning and processing language
    # sed - stream editor
    # head - display first lines of a file
    # tail - display the last part of a file
    # diff - compare files line by line
    # diff3 - compare three files line by line

    # sftp - secure file transfer program
    # scp - secure copy (remote file copy program)
    # ssh - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
    # rsync - faster, flexible replacement for rcp
    # dig - DNS lookup utility
    # host - DNS lookup utility
    # whois - Internet domain name and network number directory service

    # xxd - make a hexdump or do the reverse
    # time - time command execution
    # file - determine file type
    # jot - print sequential or random data
    # yes - be repetitively affirmative
    # zip/unzip
    # gzip/gunzip
    # tar
    # compress/uncompress

    # traceroute - print the route packets take to network host
    # ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
    # spray - send many packets to host

    # wc - word, line, character, and byte count
    # date - display or set date and time
    # cal - displays a calendar
    # ditto - copy files and directories to a destination directory
    # pwd - return working directory name

    # jobs/fg/bg - control process execution
    # alias/unalias - create or remove a pseudonym or shorthand for a command or series of commands
    # source -

    # talk - talk to another user
    # write - send a message to another user
    # wall - write a message to users
    # mesg - display (do not display) messages from other users

    # touch - change file access and modification times
    # sort - sort lines of text files




    # !m
    # !-5
    # !?-L?!
    # ^-l^-la^
    # mail [email protected] < message.txt