Regex for chunking by using all semantic cues

testRegex.js

// Updated: Aug. 20, 2024
// Run: node testRegex.js whatever.txt
// Live demo: https://jina.ai/tokenizer
// LICENSE: Apache-2.0 (https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
// COPYRIGHT: Jina AI
const fs = require('fs');
const util = require('util');

// Define variables for magic numbers
const MAX_HEADING_LENGTH = 7;
const MAX_HEADING_CONTENT_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_HEADING_UNDERLINE_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_HTML_HEADING_ATTRIBUTES_LENGTH = 100;
const MAX_LIST_ITEM_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_NESTED_LIST_ITEMS = 6;
const MAX_LIST_INDENT_SPACES = 7;
const MAX_BLOCKQUOTE_LINE_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_BLOCKQUOTE_LINES = 15;
const MAX_CODE_BLOCK_LENGTH = 1500;
const MAX_CODE_LANGUAGE_LENGTH = 20;
const MAX_INDENTED_CODE_LINES = 20;
const MAX_TABLE_CELL_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_TABLE_ROWS = 20;
const MAX_HTML_TABLE_LENGTH = 2000;
const MIN_HORIZONTAL_RULE_LENGTH = 3;
const MAX_SENTENCE_LENGTH = 400;
const MAX_QUOTED_TEXT_LENGTH = 300;
const MAX_PARENTHETICAL_CONTENT_LENGTH = 200;
const MAX_NESTED_PARENTHESES = 5;
const MAX_MATH_INLINE_LENGTH = 100;
const MAX_MATH_BLOCK_LENGTH = 500;
const MAX_PARAGRAPH_LENGTH = 1000;
const MAX_STANDALONE_LINE_LENGTH = 800;
const MAX_HTML_TAG_ATTRIBUTES_LENGTH = 100;
const MAX_HTML_TAG_CONTENT_LENGTH = 1000;
const LOOKAHEAD_RANGE = 100;  // Number of characters to look ahead for a sentence boundary

const AVOID_AT_START = `[\\s\\]})>,']`;
const PUNCTUATION = `[.!?…]|\\.{3}|[\\u2026\\u2047-\\u2049]|[\\p{Emoji_Presentation}\\p{Extended_Pictographic}]`;
const QUOTE_END = `(?:'(?=\`)|''(?=\`\`))`;
const SENTENCE_END = `(?:${PUNCTUATION}(?<!${AVOID_AT_START}(?=${PUNCTUATION}))|${QUOTE_END})(?=\\S|$)`;
const SENTENCE_BOUNDARY = `(?:${SENTENCE_END}|(?=[\\r\\n]|$))`;
const LOOKAHEAD_PATTERN = `(?:(?!${SENTENCE_END}).){1,${LOOKAHEAD_RANGE}}${SENTENCE_END}`;
const NOT_PUNCTUATION_SPACE = `(?!${PUNCTUATION}\\s)`;
const SENTENCE_PATTERN = `${NOT_PUNCTUATION_SPACE}(?:[^\\r\\n]{1,{MAX_LENGTH}}${SENTENCE_BOUNDARY}|[^\\r\\n]{1,{MAX_LENGTH}}(?=${PUNCTUATION}|${QUOTE_END})(?:${LOOKAHEAD_PATTERN})?)${AVOID_AT_START}*`;


const regex = new RegExp(
    "(" +
    // 1. Headings (Setext-style, Markdown, and HTML-style, with length constraints)
    `(?:^(?:[#*=-]{1,${MAX_HEADING_LENGTH}}|\\w[^\\r\\n]{0,${MAX_HEADING_CONTENT_LENGTH}}\\r?\\n[-=]{2,${MAX_HEADING_UNDERLINE_LENGTH}}|<h[1-6][^>]{0,${MAX_HTML_HEADING_ATTRIBUTES_LENGTH}}>)[^\\r\\n]{1,${MAX_HEADING_CONTENT_LENGTH}}(?:</h[1-6]>)?(?:\\r?\\n|$))` +
    "|" +
    // New pattern for citations
    `(?:\\[[0-9]+\\][^\\r\\n]{1,${MAX_STANDALONE_LINE_LENGTH}})` +
    "|" +
    // 2. List items (bulleted, numbered, lettered, or task lists, including nested, up to three levels, with length constraints)
    `(?:(?:^|\\r?\\n)[ \\t]{0,3}(?:[-*+•]|\\d{1,3}\\.\\w\\.|\\[[ xX]\\])[ \\t]+${SENTENCE_PATTERN.replace(/{MAX_LENGTH}/g, String(MAX_LIST_ITEM_LENGTH))}` +
    `(?:(?:\\r?\\n[ \\t]{2,5}(?:[-*+•]|\\d{1,3}\\.\\w\\.|\\[[ xX]\\])[ \\t]+${SENTENCE_PATTERN.replace(/{MAX_LENGTH}/g, String(MAX_LIST_ITEM_LENGTH))}){0,${MAX_NESTED_LIST_ITEMS}}` +
    `(?:\\r?\\n[ \\t]{4,${MAX_LIST_INDENT_SPACES}}(?:[-*+•]|\\d{1,3}\\.\\w\\.|\\[[ xX]\\])[ \\t]+${SENTENCE_PATTERN.replace(/{MAX_LENGTH}/g, String(MAX_LIST_ITEM_LENGTH))}){0,${MAX_NESTED_LIST_ITEMS}})?)` +
    "|" +
    // 3. Block quotes (including nested quotes and citations, up to three levels, with length constraints)
    `(?:(?:^>(?:>|\\s{2,}){0,2}${SENTENCE_PATTERN.replace(/{MAX_LENGTH}/g, String(MAX_BLOCKQUOTE_LINE_LENGTH))}\\r?\\n?){1,${MAX_BLOCKQUOTE_LINES}})` +
    "|" +
    // 4. Code blocks (fenced, indented, or HTML pre/code tags, with length constraints)
    `(?:(?:^|\\r?\\n)(?:\`\`\`|~~~)(?:\\w{0,${MAX_CODE_LANGUAGE_LENGTH}})?\\r?\\n[\\s\\S]{0,${MAX_CODE_BLOCK_LENGTH}}?(?:\`\`\`|~~~)\\r?\\n?` +
    `|(?:(?:^|\\r?\\n)(?: {4}|\\t)[^\\r\\n]{0,${MAX_LIST_ITEM_LENGTH}}(?:\\r?\\n(?: {4}|\\t)[^\\r\\n]{0,${MAX_LIST_ITEM_LENGTH}}){0,${MAX_INDENTED_CODE_LINES}}\\r?\\n?)` +
    `|(?:<pre>(?:<code>)?[\\s\\S]{0,${MAX_CODE_BLOCK_LENGTH}}?(?:</code>)?</pre>))` +
    "|" +
    // 5. Tables (Markdown, grid tables, and HTML tables, with length constraints)
    `(?:(?:^|\\r?\\n)(?:\\|[^\\r\\n]{0,${MAX_TABLE_CELL_LENGTH}}\\|(?:\\r?\\n\\|[-:]{1,${MAX_TABLE_CELL_LENGTH}}\\|){0,1}(?:\\r?\\n\\|[^\\r\\n]{0,${MAX_TABLE_CELL_LENGTH}}\\|){0,${MAX_TABLE_ROWS}}` +
    `|<table>[\\s\\S]{0,${MAX_HTML_TABLE_LENGTH}}?</table>))` +
    "|" +
    // 6. Horizontal rules (Markdown and HTML hr tag)
    `(?:^(?:[-*_]){${MIN_HORIZONTAL_RULE_LENGTH},}\\s*$|<hr\\s*/?>)` +
    "|" +
    // 10. Standalone lines or phrases (including single-line blocks and HTML elements, with length constraints)
    `(?!${AVOID_AT_START})(?:^(?:<[a-zA-Z][^>]{0,${MAX_HTML_TAG_ATTRIBUTES_LENGTH}}>)?${SENTENCE_PATTERN.replace(/{MAX_LENGTH}/g, String(MAX_STANDALONE_LINE_LENGTH))}(?:</[a-zA-Z]+>)?(?:\\r?\\n|$))` +
    "|" +
    // 7. Sentences or phrases ending with punctuation (including ellipsis and Unicode punctuation)
    `(?!${AVOID_AT_START})${SENTENCE_PATTERN.replace(/{MAX_LENGTH}/g, String(MAX_SENTENCE_LENGTH))}` +
    "|" +
    // 8. Quoted text, parenthetical phrases, or bracketed content (with length constraints)
    "(?:" +
    `(?<!\\w)\"\"\"[^\"]{0,${MAX_QUOTED_TEXT_LENGTH}}\"\"\"(?!\\w)` +
    `|(?<!\\w)(?:['\"\`'"])[^\\r\\n]{0,${MAX_QUOTED_TEXT_LENGTH}}\\1(?!\\w)` +
    `|(?<!\\w)\`[^\\r\\n]{0,${MAX_QUOTED_TEXT_LENGTH}}'(?!\\w)` +
    `|(?<!\\w)\`\`[^\\r\\n]{0,${MAX_QUOTED_TEXT_LENGTH}}''(?!\\w)` +
    `|\\([^\\r\\n()]{0,${MAX_PARENTHETICAL_CONTENT_LENGTH}}(?:\\([^\\r\\n()]{0,${MAX_PARENTHETICAL_CONTENT_LENGTH}}\\)[^\\r\\n()]{0,${MAX_PARENTHETICAL_CONTENT_LENGTH}}){0,${MAX_NESTED_PARENTHESES}}\\)` +
    `|\\[[^\\r\\n\\[\\]]{0,${MAX_PARENTHETICAL_CONTENT_LENGTH}}(?:\\[[^\\r\\n\\[\\]]{0,${MAX_PARENTHETICAL_CONTENT_LENGTH}}\\][^\\r\\n\\[\\]]{0,${MAX_PARENTHETICAL_CONTENT_LENGTH}}){0,${MAX_NESTED_PARENTHESES}}\\]` +
    `|\\$[^\\r\\n$]{0,${MAX_MATH_INLINE_LENGTH}}\\$` +
    `|\`[^\`\\r\\n]{0,${MAX_MATH_INLINE_LENGTH}}\`` +
    ")" +
    "|" +
    // 9. Paragraphs (with length constraints)
    `(?!${AVOID_AT_START})(?:(?:^|\\r?\\n\\r?\\n)(?:<p>)?${SENTENCE_PATTERN.replace(/{MAX_LENGTH}/g, String(MAX_PARAGRAPH_LENGTH))}(?:</p>)?(?=\\r?\\n\\r?\\n|$))` +
    "|" +
    // 11. HTML-like tags and their content (including self-closing tags and attributes, with length constraints)
    `(?:<[a-zA-Z][^>]{0,${MAX_HTML_TAG_ATTRIBUTES_LENGTH}}(?:>[\\s\\S]{0,${MAX_HTML_TAG_CONTENT_LENGTH}}?</[a-zA-Z]+>|\\s*/>))` +
    "|" +
    // 12. LaTeX-style math expressions (inline and block, with length constraints)
    `(?:(?:\\$\\$[\\s\\S]{0,${MAX_MATH_BLOCK_LENGTH}}?\\$\\$)|(?:\\$[^\\$\\r\\n]{0,${MAX_MATH_INLINE_LENGTH}}\\$))` +
    "|" +
    // 14. Fallback for any remaining content (with length constraints)
    `(?!${AVOID_AT_START})${SENTENCE_PATTERN.replace(/{MAX_LENGTH}/g, String(MAX_STANDALONE_LINE_LENGTH))}` +
    ")",
    "gmu"
);


// read from the arg[1] file
const testText = fs.readFileSync(process.argv[2], 'utf8');

// Function to format bytes to a human-readable string
function formatBytes(bytes) {
    if (bytes < 1024) return bytes + " bytes";
    else if (bytes < 1048576) return (bytes / 1024).toFixed(2) + " KB";
    else if (bytes < 1073741824) return (bytes / 1048576).toFixed(2) + " MB";
    else return (bytes / 1073741824).toFixed(2) + " GB";
}

// Start measuring time and memory
const startTime = process.hrtime();
const startMemory = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;

// Apply the regex
const matches = testText.match(regex);

// End measuring time and memory
const endTime = process.hrtime(startTime);
const endMemory = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;

// Calculate execution time and memory usage
const executionTime = endTime[0] + endTime[1] / 1e9;
const memoryUsed = endMemory - startMemory;

// Output results
console.log(`Number of chunks: ${matches ? matches.length : 0}`);
console.log(`Execution time: ${executionTime.toFixed(3)} seconds`);
console.log(`Memory used: ${formatBytes(memoryUsed)}`);

// Output the first 5 matches (or fewer if there are less than 5)
console.log('\nFirst 10 chunks:');
if (matches) {
    matches.slice(0, 100).forEach((match, index) => {
        console.log(util.inspect(match, {maxStringLength: 50}));
    });
} else {
    console.log('No chunks found.');
}

// Output regex flags
console.log(`\nRegex flags: ${regex.flags}`);

// Check for potential issues
if (executionTime > 5) {
    console.warn('\nWarning: Execution time exceeded 5 seconds. The regex might be too complex or the input too large.');
}
if (memoryUsed > 100 * 1024 * 1024) {
    console.warn('\nWarning: Memory usage exceeded 100 MB. Consider processing the input in smaller chunks.');
}

WoOoOOoooW ，宇宙第一，大善人！

We could use this into https://automatio.ai. Thanks for sharing it, Jina crew!

@hanxiao Trying to port this to Python, I'm encountering an oddity. In line 85 the back reference seems to not exist, which JavaScript seems to be fine with but Python doesn't compile the RegEx. Which capture group are you trying to reference here?

@pachacamac Did you end up managing to port it to Python?

@hanxiao Trying to port this to Python, I'm encountering an oddity. In line 85 the back reference seems to not exist, which JavaScript seems to be fine with but Python doesn't compile the RegEx. Which capture group are you trying to reference here?

it works like a charm, thanks

Managed to make it work in Python in a slightly simplified manner. The behaviour seems identical to the API, but I haven't tested it thoroughly.
https://gist.github.com/MeMartijn/8d66a181f32304de9c07c2529649c35b

express server demo

const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const port = 3000

app.use(express.json())
app.post('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send(req.body.content.match(regex))
})

app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`listening on port ${port}`)
})

curl example

curl http://localhost:3000 -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"content": "\n  Jina AI: Your Search Foundation, Supercharged! 🚀\n  Ihrer Suchgrundlage, aufgeladen! 🚀\n  您的搜索底座，从此不同！🚀\n  検索ベース,もう二度と同じことはありません！🚀\n"}'

output

[
    "Jina AI: Your Search Foundation, Supercharged! 🚀\n  ",
    "Ihrer Suchgrundlage, aufgeladen! 🚀\n  ",
    "您的搜索底座，从此不同！🚀\n  ",
    "検索ベース,もう二度と同じことはありません！🚀\n"
]

https://stimulation-clicker.fun/
Jujutsu Infinite Complete Guide jujutsu-infinite.net
capybarago.app
whopperclicker.net

@MeMartijn cool!!