Csound turns Orchestra code into sound one control block at a time. In ordinary rendering, much of the engine can move in a straight line: read an event, initialize an instrument, perform it, and eventually turn it off. Realtime use adds other workers. MIDI, API calls, dynamic compilation, asynchronous file access, and diskin2 can all be active while the audio thread is trying to meet its next deadline.
This guide explains how Csound coordinates that work. It starts with the relevant C concepts, then follows the locks through event insertion, instrument lifetime, disk streaming, and cleanup.
Note
Source used by this guide: snapshot 473e86135. These are engine internals, not a promise that every identifier will become public API.