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@kralo
kralo / ftth-vdsl-docsis-state2026.md
Created September 5, 2026 15:34
Home Internet Options September 2026 - Latency

state of home internet

( all measurements taken from same building with wired ethernet ).

Summary

Fiber has a little better latency (and more consistent) than VDSL (14 vs 12 ms, but jitter is more consistent). A good VDSL line is still better (latency and -consistency-wise) than DOCSIS Cable Internet (latency is very high during upload).

Bandwith is not comparable due to different tariffs, but each maxes out the promised Down/Upstreams.

@kralo
kralo / openssh-privkey-paper.md
Last active September 3, 2026 19:15
writing openssh private keys on paper

Efficiently saving an openssh private key on paper

The key is generated from a live ISO, is never stored on disk, and I don't use a printer, so the private key never needs to pass through another system. The downside is that, whenever I need to use it, I have to type the key manually and avoid making any transcription errors. I know this is inconvenient, but I only use the key occasionally for SSH certificate signing, so I consider the trade-off worthwhile.

I came up with two tricks to make the manual transcription less error-prone:

  1. Use a checksum after every line. This makes it possible to detect and correct a typo immediately, rather than discovering it only after the entire key has been entered.
  2. Use two colors when writing the key on paper. By visually distinguishing certain characters, it becomes easier to tell apart characters that are otherwise easy to confuse. ( This syntax distinguished y and g and q which are easily confused when written by hand)

For example, I use the following .na

@kralo
kralo / oracle-xe-18c-stabilisation-quirks.sql
Created June 12, 2026 18:54
optimize stability and avoid common annoyances on ORACLE 18c XE with these parameters (i.e. ORA-04036)
-- Recommendations to stabilise your Oracle Database XE Edition (tested on 18 XE)
-- limit background processes so that CJQ0 Job does not eat too much RAM (Default: 4000?) (avoid ORA-04036)
ALTER SYSTEM SET job_queue_processes=123;
-- the Number of Space Background Workers (W00n manamged by SMCO) scales with the number of CPU Cores? On 12 core, when each uses 200 MB, PGA is quickly exhausted (avoid ORA-04036)
ALTER SYSTEM SET "_max_spacebg_slaves"=4 SCOPE=BOTH;
@kralo
kralo / ora-04036-pga-consumer-test-script-bomb.sql
Created May 31, 2026 17:53
script to consume lots of PGA memory in Oracle Database to test for ORA-04036 ("pga bomb")
set serveroutput on
DECLARE
-- $VER = 1cbc41ebb40e5ef52b7f5958adb718a1f3600fb73d717476c8b747e138b47866
-- script to consume lots of PGA Memory for testing / PGA bombing for session tests - will eventually trigger ORA-04036
bytesused CONSTANT INTEGER := 1024 * 1024 * /*MB=*/100*7;
TYPE array_t IS
VARRAY(bytesused) OF CHAR(32767); -- 32K per row ~ 32 rows/MB
array array_t := array_t();
line VARCHAR(32767);
BEGIN
@kralo
kralo / speed_of_throttled_4G_germany.md
Created March 30, 2026 11:32
Speed of (throttled) 4G Connection in Germany

How fast is a throttled 4G connection with Telekom.de ?

--> nearly exactly as advertised, 64 kbit/s bidirectional. (Note: looks like you have a certain burst allowance for the first 10 seconds).

You should set smaller blocks for iperf, because otherwise you won't see anything in between:

~$ iperf3 -c speedtest.wtnet.de -p 5204 -t 86 --bidir -V -l 8K -b 64K -t 13 -O 2
iperf 3.20
Linux ubuntu 7.0.0-10-generic #10-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
Control connection MSS 1428
@kralo
kralo / ubiquiti-unifi-offline-but-configure-gateway-arp-spamming.md
Created February 9, 2026 10:16
ubiquiti unifi : why you should always configure a (reachable) gateway + dns (even if it doesn't route traffic)!

Reducing WiFi ARP Requests

Ubiquiti unifi : why you should always configure a (reachable) gateway + dns (even if it doesn't route traffic)!

So you already know that multicast traffic is slowing down your wifi?!

And you're using your unify APs "offline", that is, they have no planned internet connection?

You must configure Gateway and DNS IPs in your APs that are reachable in the local lan.

@kralo
kralo / ora-inst12.2_diag.md
Created January 12, 2026 08:26
Oracle Instantclient 12.2 enable diagnosis

If you have the instantclient "installed" and want to enable some diagnostic debug output, in the same folder as your tnsnames.ora create a file sqlnet.ora

echo %TNS_ADMIN%
c:\oracle\network\admin\

file contents (remove comment to make active):

@kralo
kralo / state_of_qrcodes_debian_trixie.md
Created August 10, 2025 18:22
The (sad?) state of QRCodes in Debian 13/Trixie

Generate QRCode

The debian 13.0 default/gnome live dvd,

  • can generate simple QRCodes in Libreoffice ("From the menu bar: Choose Insert - OLE Object - QR and Barcode.")

qrencode

Although libqrencode4 is installed, it is missing qrencode by default.

qrencode works nicely and supports creating linked/sequenced QRCodes, i.e. "structured Append".

@kralo
kralo / archiv-der-klarna-festgeld-zinsen.md
Created June 18, 2025 16:18
archiv-der-klarna-festgeld-zinsen.md

Klarna Festgeld zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten

2025-06-18:

Screenshot 2025-06-18 at 18-16-24 Klarna Festgeld Ein sicherer Ort um dein Geld wachsen zu lassen

@kralo
kralo / latency_speed_comparison_linux.md
Created March 18, 2025 20:17
Latency and Speed Comparisons; Local Loop Networking in Linux

In 2025, can you max out a 10 Gbps Link on the local Network? What do you need?
-> fast PCIe Ports with >= x4 Lanes.

I set out to test this.

TL;DR: the 1000Base-T is astonishingly very well optimized, has very small latency, 10G is not going to change much.

The 100M and 1G Tests were performed on the same machine, via loopback cable/fiber and all tests without a router.

It is not so common to be able to assign the same IP Subnet to different Interfaces on the same machine, but go see this excellent guide.