🟢 = running ❌ = not established | not running
| strategy | RPO | RTO | tiers | availability target | note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| backup + restore | 3h ≤ RPO | 3h ≤ RTO ≤ 2d | DB ❌ app ❌ DNS ❌ | 99% | cheapest + max. ops |
| pilot light | 5min ≤ RPO ≤ 3h | 10min ≤ RTO ≤ 3h | DB 🟢 app ❌ DNS ❌ | 99.5% | app must be booted + scaled |
| warm standby | 5sec ≤ RPO ≤ 15min | 1min ≤ RTO ≤ 15min | DB 🟢 app 🟢 DNS ❌ | 99.9% | app tier scaled down |
| hot standby | 5sec ≤ RPO ≤ 15min | 10s ≤ RTO ≤ 10 min | DB 🟢 app 🟢 DNS ❌ | 99.95% | app tier ready to take traffic |
| active/active | ~ 0s | ~ 0s | DB 🟢 app 🟢 DNS 🟢 | 99.99% | most expensive + minimal ops |