Python: List all Network Interfaces On Computer

enumerate_interfaces.py

"""
Determine IPv4 addresses on a Linux machine via the socket interface.
Thanks @bubthegreat the changes to make it Py2/3 compatible and the helpful
code comments: https://gist.github.com/pklaus/289646#gistcomment-2396272
This version has all comments removed for brevity.
"""

import socket
import array
import struct
import fcntl

def get_local_interfaces():
    """ Returns a dictionary of name:ip key value pairs. """
    MAX_BYTES = 4096
    FILL_CHAR = b'\0'
    SIOCGIFCONF = 0x8912
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    names = array.array('B', MAX_BYTES * FILL_CHAR)
    names_address, names_length = names.buffer_info()
    mutable_byte_buffer = struct.pack('iL', MAX_BYTES, names_address)
    mutated_byte_buffer = fcntl.ioctl(sock.fileno(), SIOCGIFCONF, mutable_byte_buffer)
    max_bytes_out, names_address_out = struct.unpack('iL', mutated_byte_buffer)
    namestr = names.tobytes()
    namestr[:max_bytes_out]
    bytes_out = namestr[:max_bytes_out]
    ip_dict = {}
    for i in range(0, max_bytes_out, 40):
        name = namestr[ i: i+16 ].split(FILL_CHAR, 1)[0]
        name = name.decode('utf-8')
        ip_bytes   = namestr[i+20:i+24]
        full_addr = []
        for netaddr in ip_bytes:
            if isinstance(netaddr, int):
                full_addr.append(str(netaddr))
            elif isinstance(netaddr, str):
                full_addr.append(str(ord(netaddr)))
        ip_dict[name] = '.'.join(full_addr)

    return ip_dict

if __name__ == "__main__":
    for iface, ip in get_local_interfaces().items():
        print("{ip:15s} {iface}".format(ip=ip, iface=iface))

impossible to get fcntl module when I import it

Why?

Impossible to answer if you don't state the operating system you're on and the Python version you're using.

#!/usr/bin/python3

import ifaddr

adapters = ifaddr.get_adapters()

print("List of Network Interfaces:")
for adapter in adapters:
    print(f"  Adapter Name: {adapter.nice_name}")
    print(f"  Description: {adapter.name}")
    print(f"  MAC Address: {adapter.ips[0].mac if hasattr(adapter.ips[0], 'mac') else 'N/A'}")

    # You can further filter for specific interface types if needed
    # For example, to only show interfaces likely to be Ethernet:
    # if "Ethernet" in adapter.nice_name or "eth" in adapter.name:
    #     print(f"    (Likely Ethernet Interface)")

    for ip in adapter.ips:
        print(f"    IP Address: {ip.ip}/{ip.network_prefix}")
    print("-" * 20)