build.sh

#!/bin/bash
packer plugins install github.com/hashicorp/virtualbox

# Detect the active network interface
if ip link show eth0 | grep -q "state UP"; then
  BRIDGE_INTERFACE="eth0"
elif ip link show en0 | grep -q "state UP"; then
  BRIDGE_INTERFACE="en0"
else
  echo "No active network interface found!"
  exit 1
fi

# Run Packer with the detected interface
packer build -var "network_bridge_interface=$BRIDGE_INTERFACE" .

main.pkr.hcl

# main.pkr.hcl

# Define the VirtualBox ISO builder
source "virtualbox-iso" "ubuntu-2204" {
  guest_os_type = "Ubuntu_64"
  iso_urls       = [
    "https://releases.ubuntu.com/22.04/ubuntu-22.04.5-live-server-amd64.iso"
  ]
  iso_checksum  = var.iso_checksum
  cd_label = "cidata"
  cd_content = {
    "meta-data" = file("./meta-data")
    "user-data" = file("./user-data")
  }

  vm_name                 = "ubuntu-vm"
  communicator            = "ssh"
  ssh_username            = "user"
  ssh_password            = "user"
  ssh_timeout             = "10m"
  ssh_handshake_attempts  = 420
  ssh_port                = "22"
  ssh_skip_nat_mapping    = true
  pause_before_connecting = "30s"

  http_directory 		= ""
  shutdown_command 	= "sudo -S shutdown -P now"

  boot_wait       = "10s"
  boot_command = [
    "<wait>c<wait>",
    "linux /casper/vmlinuz --- autoinstall ds=\"nocloud\"",
    "<enter><wait>",
    "initrd /casper/initrd",
    "<enter><wait>",
    "boot",
    "<enter>",
  ]

  # VirtualBox VM settings
  vboxmanage = [
    ["modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--memory", "2048"],
    ["modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--cpus", "2"],
    ["modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--cpus", "2"],
    ["modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--nat-localhostreachable1", "on"],
    ["modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--natpf1", "ssh,tcp,,2222,,22"],
    ["modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--nic2", "bridged", "--bridgeadapter2", var.network_bridge_interface]
  ]
}

# Define the build block
build {
  sources = ["source.virtualbox-iso.ubuntu-2204"]

  # Provisioner to configure UFW
  provisioner "shell" {
    inline = [
      "sudo apt update",
      "sudo apt install -y ufw",
      "sudo ufw enable",
      "sudo ufw allow ssh",

      "ip addr show",  # Display network interfaces and their IPs
    ]
  }
}

# variables.pkr.hcl

variable "iso_checksum" {
  description = "The SHA256 checksum of the Ubuntu 22.04 ISO"
  type        = string
  default     = "sha256:9bc6028870aef3f74f4e16b900008179e78b130e6b0b9a140635434a46aa98b0"
}

variable "network_bridge_interface" {
  description = "The host network interface for bridged networking"
  type        = string
  default     = "en0: Wi-Fi (Wireless)"
}

variable "static_ip" {
  default = "${env("STATIC_IP")}"
}

preseed.cfg

# Installation
# ============

# Installation of Ubuntu Server 13.04 “Raring Ringtail” is automated by
# 'preseeding' configuration options with the values expected for vagrant. The
# `ubuntu-server/raring64/preseed.cfg` file defines these options.

# Clock and Timezone
# ------------------

# ### Hardware Clock

# Setting the hardware clock to UTC is considered best practice and may be
# assumed by some pacakges

d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true

# ### Timezone

# Generally the server timezone should be set to a value which is logically tied
# to the purpose of the server. The generic nature of this vagrant box lends
# itself to 'GMT' as it is the global time standard.

d-i time/zone string GMT

# Account Setup
# -------------

# ### User Credentials

# It is conventional to create a user named 'vagrant' with a password of
# 'vagrant' which vagrant will login as. Please note that these credentials are
# public knowledge and you should never have this account on a public server.

d-i passwd/user-fullname string vagrant
d-i passwd/username string vagrant
d-i passwd/user-password password vagrant
d-i passwd/user-password-again password vagrant
d-i user-setup/allow-password-weak boolean true

# ### Home Directory Encryption

# The home directory is not encrypted to aviod any issues that this may cause.

d-i user-setup/encrypt-home boolean false

# Partitioning
# ------------

# ### LVM Partitioning

# The entire disk is partitioned using LVM and any prompts that LVM partitioning
# raises are confirmed automatically.

d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic

# Old LVM partitions are overwritten, pre-existing raid partitions are removed.

d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true

# The ubuntu installer will prompt for confirmation of the partitioning
# strategies.

d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true

# Packages & Updates
# ------------------

# ### No proxy

# By default there is no proxy set for the mirror.

d-i mirror/http/proxy string

# ### No automatic updates

# Automatic updates are not applied, everything is updated manually.

d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none

# ### Ubuntu server

# The standard ubuntu server

tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard

# Static IP details
d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string {{ user `static_ip` }}  # Static IP for the bridge interface
d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0   # Subnet mask
d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1     # Gateway
d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 8.8.8.8     # DNS server
d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true        # Confirm static configuration

# ### OpenSSH Server

# Vagrant requires the OpenSSH server to be installed in order to be able to
# manage the VM.

d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server

# Boot loader installation
# ------------------------

# The default boot loader (grub) is installed as the boot loader on the server
# and all prompts which it throws up are automatically confirmed.

d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true

# Complete installation
# ---------------------

# Ubuntu show a final message once the installation is complete. This message is
# affirmed so it doesn't block the installation process.

d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note

user-data

#cloud-config
autoinstall:
  version: 1
  refresh-installer:
    update: yes
  early-commands:
    - sudo systemctl stop ssh
  identity:
    hostname: ubuntu-vm
    password: "$6$FhcddHFVZ7ABA4Gi$9l4yURWASWe8xEa1jzI0bacVLvhe3Yn4/G3AnU11K3X0yu/mICVRxfo6tZTB2noKljlIRzjkVZPocdf63MtzC0"
    username: ubuntu
  locale: nb_NO.UTF8
  keyboard:
    layout: 'no'
  ssh:
    install-server: true
    allow-pw: true
  packages:
    - linux-virtual
    - linux-tools-virtual
    - linux-cloud-tools-virtual
	  - build-essential
    - openssh-server
    - cloud-init
    - whois
    - zsh
    - wget
	  - curl
    - tasksel
  late-commands:
    - echo 'ubuntu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL' > /target/etc/sudoers.d/ubuntu
    - curtin in-target --target=/target -- chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d/ubuntu