workerthreads_in_pyqt5_with_progressdialog.py

# Using QThreads in PyQt5 using worker model

# There is so many conflicting posts on how QThreads should be used in pyqt. I had
# been subclassing QThread, overriding the run function, and calling start to run
# the thread. I did it this way, because I couldn't get the worker method (where 
# an object is moved to a thread using moveToThread) to do what I wanted. It turns
# out that I just didn't understand why. But, once I worked it out I have stuck with
# the moveToThread method, as this is recommended by the official docs. 
# 
# The key part for me to understand was that when I am running a heavy calculation in
# my thread, the event loop is not being called. This means that I am still able to
# send signals back to the gui thread, but the worker could no receive signals. This
# was important to me, because I wanted to be able to use a QProgressDialog to show
# the progress of the worker, but also stop the worker if the user closes the progress
# dialog. My solution was to call processEvents(), to force events to be processed to 
# detect if the progress dialog had been canceled. There are a number of posts that
# recommend not using processEvents at all, but instead use the event loop of the 
# thread or a QTimer to break up your slow loop into bits controlled by the event loop.
# However, the pyqt documentation says that calling processEvents() is ok, and what 
# the function is intended for. However, calling it excessively may of course slow
# down your worker.

# This code creates a worker that has a slow calculation to do, defined in do_stuff. 
# It moves this worker to a thread, and starts the thread running to do the calculation.
# It connects a QProgressDialog to the worker, which provides the user updates on the 
# progress of the worker. If the QProgressDialog is canceled (by pressing the cancel
# button or the X), then a signal is send to the worker to also cancel.

# Michael Hogg, 2020

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication, QPushButton, QProgressDialog
from PyQt5.QtCore import QCoreApplication, QObject, QThread, pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot
import time


class Worker(QObject):

    started  = pyqtSignal()
    finished = pyqtSignal()
    message  = pyqtSignal(str)
    readyResult = pyqtSignal(str)
    updateProgress = pyqtSignal(int)
    updateProgressLabel = pyqtSignal(str)
    updateProgressRange = pyqtSignal(int,int)

    def __init__(self,parent=None):
        super().__init__(None)
        self.canceled = False

    @pyqtSlot(str, str)
    def do_stuff(self, label1, label2):
        self.label1 = label1
        self.label2 = label2
        self.started.emit()
        self.loop()
        self.finished.emit()

    def loop(self):
        
        self.message.emit('Worker started')
        
        if self.checkCanceled(): return
        self.updateProgressLabel.emit(self.label1)
        for i in range(5):
            if self.checkCanceled(): return
            time.sleep(2) # Blocking
            self.updateProgress.emit(i+1)
            self.message.emit(f'Cycle-{i+1}')
        
        if self.checkCanceled(): return
        self.updateProgressLabel.emit(self.label2)
        self.updateProgress.emit(0)
        self.updateProgressRange.emit(0,20)
        for i in range(20):
            if self.checkCanceled(): return
            time.sleep(0.2) # Blocking
            self.updateProgress.emit(i+1)
            self.message.emit(f'Cycle-{i+1}')            

        if self.checkCanceled(): return
        self.readyResult.emit('Worker result')

        self.message.emit('Worker finished')

    def checkCanceled(self):
        """
        Process events and return bool if the cancel signal has been received 
        """
        # Need to call processEvents, as the thread is being controlled by the 
        # slow do_stuff loop, not the event loop. Therefore, although signals 
        # can be send from the thread back to the gui thread, the thread will not
        # process any events sent to it unless processEvents is called. This
        # means that the canceled signal from the progress bar (which should stop
        # the thread) will not be received. If this happens, canceling the progress
        # dialog with have no effect, and the worker will continue to run until the
        # loop is complete
        QCoreApplication.processEvents()
        return self.canceled

    @pyqtSlot()
    def cancel(self):
        self.canceled = True


class MainWin(QMainWindow):

    stopWorker = pyqtSignal()
    callWorkerFunction = pyqtSignal(str, str)
    
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        btn1 = QPushButton("Button 1", self)
        btn1.move(25, 25)

        btn2 = QPushButton("Clear", self)
        btn2.move(150, 25)

        btn1.clicked.connect(self.buttonClicked)
        btn2.clicked.connect(self.clearStatusBar)

        self.statusBar()

        self.setGeometry(700, 500, 275, 100)
        self.setWindowTitle('Testing threaded worker with progress dialog')

    def buttonClicked(self):
        self.showMessageInStatusBar('Button pressed')
        # Setup progress dialog
        self.pb = QProgressDialog(self)
        self.pb.setAutoClose(False)
        self.pb.setAutoReset(False)
        self.pb.setMinimumWidth(400)
        self.pb.setLabelText('Doing stuff')
        self.pb.setRange(0,5)
        self.pb.setValue(0)
        # Setup worker and thread, then move worker to thread
        self.worker = Worker()   # No parent! Otherwise can't move to another thread
        self.thread = QThread()  # No parent!
        self.worker.moveToThread(self.thread)
        # Connect signals
        # Rather than connecting thread.started to the worker function we want to run (i.e. 
        # do_stuff), connect a signal that can also be used to pass input data.
        #self.thread.started.connect(self.worker.do_stuff)
        self.callWorkerFunction.connect(self.worker.do_stuff)
        self.worker.readyResult.connect(self.processResult)
        # Progress bar related messages
        self.worker.started.connect(self.pb.show)
        self.worker.finished.connect(self.pb.close)        
        self.worker.updateProgress.connect(self.pb.setValue)
        self.worker.updateProgressLabel.connect(self.pb.setLabelText)
        self.worker.updateProgressRange.connect(self.pb.setRange)
        # Status bar messages
        self.worker.message.connect(self.showMessageInStatusBar)
        # If Progress Bar is canceled, also cancel worker
        self.pb.canceled.connect(self.worker.cancel)
        # Clean-up worker and thread afterwards
        self.worker.finished.connect(self.thread.quit)
        self.worker.finished.connect(self.worker.deleteLater)
        self.thread.finished.connect(self.thread.deleteLater)
        # Start thread
        self.thread.start()
        self.callWorkerFunction.emit('Doing stuff No. 1', 'Doing stuff No. 2')

    @pyqtSlot(str)
    def processResult(self, result):
        print(f'process result = {result}')

    @pyqtSlot(str)
    def showMessageInStatusBar(self, msg):
        self.statusBar().showMessage(msg)

    def clearStatusBar(self):
        self.statusBar().showMessage('')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = MainWin()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())