100 Greatest Theorems

Theorems.csv

Position;Theorem;Author;Collective;Comment;Date Lower;Date Upper;Uncertain Date
1;The Irrationality of the Square Root of 2;Pythagoras and his school;;;-500;;
2;Fundamental Theorem of Algebra;Karl Frederich Gauss;;;1799;;
3;The Denumerability of the Rational Numbers;Georg Cantor;;;1867;;
4;Pythagorean Theorem;Pythagoras and his school;;;-500;;
5;Prime Number Theorem;Jacques Hadamard;;;1896;;
5;Prime Number Theorem;Charles-Jean de la Vallee Poussin;;;1896;;
6;Godel’s Incompleteness Theorem;Kurt Godel;;;1931;;
7;Law of Quadratic Reciprocity;Karl Frederich Gauss;;;1801;;
8;The Impossibility of Trisecting the Angle and Doubling the Cube;Pierre Wantzel;;;1837;;
9;The Area of a Circle;Archimedes;;;-225;;
10;"Euler’s Generalization of Fermat’s Little Theorem
";"Leonhard Euler
";;;1760;;
10;Fermat’s Little Theorem;Pierre de Fermat;;;1640;;
11;The Infinitude of Primes;Euclid;;;-300;;
12;The Independence of the Parallel Postulate;Karl Frederich Gauss;1;;1870;1880;
12;The Independence of the Parallel Postulate;Janos Bolyai;1;;1870;1880;
12;The Independence of the Parallel Postulate;Nikolai Lobachevsky;1;;1870;1880;
12;The Independence of the Parallel Postulate;G.F. Bernhard Riemann;1;;1870;1880;
13;Polyhedron Formula;Leonhard Euler;;;1751;;
14;Euler’s Summation of 1 + (1/2)^2 + (1/3)^2 + ‘ (the Basel Problem).;Leonhard Euler;;;1734;;
15;Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus;Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz;;;1686;;
16;Insolvability of General Higher Degree Equations;Niels Henrik Abel;;;1824;;
17;DeMoivre’s Theorem;Abraham DeMoivre;;;1730;;
18;Liouville’s Theorem and the Construction of Trancendental Numbers;Joseph Liouville;;;1844;;
19;Four Squares Theorem;Joseph-Louis Lagrange;;;1770;;
20;Primes that are Equal to the Sum of Two Squares (Genus theorem);?;;;?;;
21;Green’s Theorem;George Green;;;1828;;
22;The Non-Denumerability of the Continuum;Georg Cantor;;;1874;;
23;Formula for Pythagorean Triples;Euclid;;;-300;;
24;The Undecidability of the Continuum Hypothesis;Paul Cohen;;;1963;;
25;Schroeder-Bernstein Theorem;?;;;?;;
26;Leibnitz’s Series for Pi;Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz;;;1674;;
27;Sum of the Angles of a Triangle;Euclid;;;-300;;
28;Pascal’s Hexagon Theorem;Blaise Pascal;;;1640;;
29;Feuerbach’s Theorem;Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach;;;1822;;
30;The Ballot Problem;J.L.F. Bertrand;;;1887;;
31;Ramsey’s Theorem;F.P. Ramsey;;;1930;;
32;The Four Color Problem;Kenneth Appel;1;;1976;;
32;The Four Color Problem;Wolfgang Haken;1;;1976;;
33;Fermat’s Last Theorem;Andrew Wiles;;;1993;;
34;Divergence of the Harmonic Series;Nicole Oresme;;;1350;;
35;Taylor’s Theorem;Brook Taylor;;;1715;;
36;Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem;L.E.J. Brouwer;;;1910;;
37;The Solution of a Cubic;Scipione Del Ferro;;;1500;;
38;Arithmetic Mean/Geometric Mean: Proof by Backward Induction;Augustin-Louis Cauchy;;;-1;;1
38;Arithmetic Mean/Geometric Mean: Polya Proof;George Polya;;;-1;;1
39;Solutions to Pell’s Equation;Leonhard Euler;;;1759;;
40;Minkowski’s Fundamental Theorem;Hermann Minkowski;;;1896;;
41;Puiseux’s Theorem;Victor Puiseux;;based on a discovery of Isaac Newton of 1671;1850;;
42;Sum of the Reciprocals of the Triangular Numbers;Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz;;;1672;;
43;The Isoperimetric Theorem;Jacob Steiner;;;1838;;
44;The Binomial Theorem;Isaac Newton;;;1665;;
45;The Partition Theorem;Leonhard Euler;;;1740;;
46;The Solution of the General Quartic Equation;Lodovico Ferrari;;;1545;;
47;The Central Limit Theorem;?;;;-1;;1
48;Dirichlet’s Theorem;Peter Lejune Dirichlet;;;1837;;
49;The Cayley-Hamilton Thoerem;Arthur Cayley;;;1858;;
50;The Number of Platonic Solids;Theaetetus;;;-400;;
51;Wilson’s Theorem;Joseph-Louis Lagrange;;;1773;;
52;The Number of Subsets of a Set;?;;;-1;;1
53;Pi is Trancendental;Ferdinand Lindemann;;;1882;;
54;Konigsberg Bridges Problem;Leonhard Euler;;;1736;;
55;Product of Segments of Chords;Euclid;;;-300;;
56;The Hermite-Lindemann Transcendence Theorem;Ferdinand Lindemann;;;1882;;
57;Heron’s Formula;Heron of Alexandria;;;75;;
58;Formula for the Number of Combinations;?;;;-1;;1
59;The Laws of Large Numbers;<many>;;;<many>;;
60;Bezout�s Theorem;Etienne Bezout;;;-1;;1
61;Theorem of Ceva;Giovanni Ceva;;;1678;;
62;Fair Games Theorem;?;;;-1;;1
63;Cantor’s Theorem;Georg Cantor;;;1891;;
64;L’Hopital’s Rule;John Bernoulli;;;1696;;1
65;Isosceles Triangle Theorem;Euclid;;;-300;;
66;Sum of a Geometric Series;Archimedes;;;-260;;1
67;e is Transcendental;Charles Hermite;;;1873;;
68;Sum of an arithmetic series;Babylonians;;;-1700;;
69;Greatest Common Divisor Algorithm;Euclid;;;-300;;
70;The Perfect Number Theorem;Euclid;;;-300;;
71;Order of a Subgroup;Joseph-Louis Lagrange;;;1802;;
72;Sylow’s Theorem;Ludwig Sylow;;;1870;;
73;Ascending or Descending Sequences;Paul Erdos and G. Szekeres;;;1935;;
74;The Principle of Mathematical Induction;Levi ben Gerson;;;1321;;
75;The Mean Value Theorem;Augustine-Louis Cauchy;;;1823;;
76;Fourier Series;Joseph Fourier;;;1811;;
77;Sum of kth powers;Jakob Bernouilli;;;1713;;
78;The Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality;Augustine-Louis Cauchy;;;1814;;1
79;The Intermediate Value Theorem;Augustine-Louis Cauchy;;;1821;;
80;The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic;Euclid;;;-300;;
81;Divergence of the Prime Reciprocal Series;Leonhard Euler;;;1734;;1
82;Dissection of Cubes (J.E. Littlewood’s ‘elegant’ proof);R.L. Brooks;;;1940;;
83;The Friendship Theorem;Paul Erdos, Alfred Renyi, Vera Sos;;;1966;;
84;Morley’s Theorem;Frank Morley;;;1899;;
85;Divisibility by 3 Rule;?;;;-1;;1
86;Lebesgue Measure and Integration;Henri Lebesgue;;;1902;;
87;Desargues’s Theorem;Gerard Desargues;;;1650;;
88;Derangements Formula;?;;;-1;;1
89;The Factor and Remainder Theorems;?;;;-1;;1
90;Stirling’s Formula;James Stirling;;;1730;;
91;The Triangle Inequality;?;;;-1;;1
92;Pick’s Theorem;George Pick;;;1899;;
93;The Birthday Problem;?;;;-1;;1
94;The Law of Cosines;Francois Viete;;;1579;;
95;Ptolemy’s Theorem;Ptolemy;;;120;;1
96;Principle of Inclusion/Exclusion;?;;;-1;;1
97;Cramer’s Rule;Gabriel Cramer;;;1750;;
98;Bertrand’s Postulate;J.L.F. Bertrand;;;1860;;1
99;Buffon Needle Problem;Comte de Buffon;;;1733;;
100;Descartes Rule of Signs;Rene Descartes;;;1637;;