thimslugga · March 19, 2025 15:42
diff --git a/pv-hvm-latest.sh b/pv-hvm-latest.sh
 #!/bin/bash
 VER="0.94.2";
 SCRIPTTITLE="PV - HVM - version $VER";
 RED=$(tput setaf 1)
 GREEN=$(tput setaf 2)
 NORMAL=$(tput sgr0)

 # Configure logging
 tmp="/tmp"
 logfile="$tmp/$(basename $0).$$.log"

 # Gather required information from meta-data
 export metadata_document="$(curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/dynamic/instance-identity/document -s -m 5)"
 export workinginstanceid="$(curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id -m 5 -s)"
 export localami="$(curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/ami-id -s -m 5)"
 export iamrole="$(curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/info/ -s -m 5)"

 # Exit if all data could not be gathered from meta-data
 if [[ -z $metadata_document ]] || [[ -z $workinginstanceid ]] || [[ -z $localami ]] || [[ -z $iamrole ]]; then
  echo -e "Cannot access metadata - http://169.254.169.254. Exiting..."
  exit 255
 fi

 # Define required variables (without jq, as jq might not be installed yet)
 accountid="$(echo $metadata_document | tr , '\n' | \grep -i "accountId" | awk -F "\"" '{ print $4 }')"
 region="$(echo $metadata_document | tr , '\n' | \grep -i "region" | awk -F "\"" '{ print $4 }')"
 az="$(echo $metadata_document | tr , '\n' | \grep -i "availabilityZone" |  awk -F    "\"" '{ print $4 }')"
 AWS_DEFAULT_REGION="$region"
 sysroot="/mnt"

 # Progress bar functions
 # -------------vvv-------------
 MINIPROGRESS(){
  for f in $(seq 2); do
    echo -ne ".";
    sleep .5;
  done
 }

 PROGRESS(){
  for f in $(seq 10); do
    echo -ne ".";
    sleep .5;
  done
 }

 MAXPROGRESS(){
  for f in $(seq 15); do
    echo -ne ".";
    sleep 3;
  done
 }
 # -------------^^^-------------

 # Ensure the script execute as root - required for certain script actions - installing package, mounting partitions, etc.
 CHECK_ROOT(){
  if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
    echo -e "\n${RED}ERROR${NORMAL}: This script must be run as root.";
    echo -e "       1. Re-run this script as root.";
    echo -e "       2. Ensure aws-cli is configured for the root user.\n";
    exit 1
  fi
 }

 # Ensure the script is executed on on a RHEL or Ubuntu based instance
 CHECK_OS(){
  LOGGING "\nChecking working instance OS";
  LOGGING "----------------------------\n";
  if [[ $(file /etc/*_version) = *ERROR* ]] ||\
     [[ $(grep -i "Ubuntu" /etc/*_version 2>/dev/null) != *Ubuntu* ]] &&\
     [[ $(file /etc/*-release) != *ERROR* ]]; then
    LOGGING "Working instance - RHEL Based";
    os="rhel";
  elif [[ $(file /etc/*-release) = *ERROR* ]] ||\
    [[ $(grep -i "Ubuntu" /etc/*-release 2>/dev/null) = *Ubuntu* ]] &&\
       [[ $(file /etc/*_version) != *ERROR* ]]; then
    LOGGING "Working instance - Ubuntu";
    os="ubuntu";
  else
    LOGGING "Unsupported distributions";
    os="unsupported";
    echo -e "Only Debian & RHEL based Distributions currently supported";
    exit 1
  fi
 }

 # Install the awscli tools
 CHECK_AWSCLI(){
  if [[ -z $os ]]; then
    CHECK_OS
  fi
  LOGGING "\nChecking awscli tools installation";
  LOGGING "----------------------------------\n";
  if hash aws 2>/dev/null; then
    LOGGING "AWSCLI installed"
    if [[ $os = "rhel" ]]; then
      sudo yum update aws-cli -y > /dev/null 2>&1
    fi
    aws=true
  else
    LOGGING "AWSCLI not installed - installing";
    aws=false
    echo -e "Installing aws-cli";
    if [[ $os = "ubuntu" ]]; then
      sudo dpkg --configure -a && sudo apt-get update > /dev/null 2>&1 && sudo apt-get install -y python-pip > /dev/null 2>&1 && sudo pip install --upgrade awscli > /dev/null 2>&1
    elif [[ $os = "rhel" ]]; then
      sudo yum install python-pip -y > /dev/null 2>&1 && sudo pip install --upgrade awscli > /dev/null 2>&1
    fi
    if hash aws 2>/dev/null; then
      aws=true
    else
      LOGGING "Failed to install AWSCLI";
      echo -e "Cannot install awscli";
      exit
    fi
  fi
 }

 # Install jq - used to extract resource information from awscli calls
 CHECK_JQ(){
  if [[ -z $os ]]; then
    CHECK_OS
  fi

  LOGGING "\nChecking jq installation";
  LOGGING "------------------------\n";

  if hash jq 2>/dev/null; then
    LOGGING "JQ installed"
    jq=true
  else
    LOGGING "JQ not installed - installing";
    echo -e "Installing jq\n";
        curl -s http://stedolan.github.io/jq/download/linux64/jq -o /usr/local/bin/jq && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/jq;
    if hash jq 2>/dev/null; then
      jq=true
    else
      LOGGING "Failed to install JQ";
      echo -e "Cannot install jq";
      exit
    fi
  fi
 }

 # Install pv for dd progress
 CHECK_PV(){
  if [[ -z $os ]]; then
    CHECK_OS
  fi
  LOGGING "\nChecking pv installation";
  LOGGING "----------------------------------\n";
  if hash pv 2>/dev/null; then
    LOGGING "PV installed"
    pv=true
  else
    LOGGING "PV not installed - installing";
    pv=false
    if [[ $os = "ubuntu" ]]; then
      sudo dpkg --configure -a && sudo apt-get update > /dev/null 2>&1 && sudo apt-get install -y pv > /dev/null 2>&1
    elif [[ $os = "rhel" ]]; then
      sudo yum install pv -y > /dev/null 2>&1
    fi
    if hash pv 2>/dev/null; then
      pv=true
    else
      pv=false
      LOGGING "PV installation failed";
    fi
  fi
 }

 # Exponential backoff on API call rate limit (Currently just random backoff - to be changed to exponential)
 #API_CALL(){
 #  api_call_check="RateLimit"
 #  while [[ $api_call_check =~ "RateLimit" ]]; do
 #    export api_call_check="$(aws  --output json --region $region $* 2>&1)"
 #    echo $api_call_check >> $logfile
 #    if [[ $api_call_check =~ "RateLimit" ]]; then
 #      local waittime="$(( ( RANDOM % 10 )  + 5 ))"
 #      echo -e "Current API call (${RED}$2${NORMAL}) has been rate limited. Waiting $waittime seconds to try again.";
 #      sleep $waittime
 #    fi
 #  done
 #}

 API_CALL(){
  api_call_check="RateLimit"
  while [[ $api_call_check =~ "RateLimit" ]]; do
    echo -e "API CALL:\n---------------------\naws  --output json --region $region $*" >> $logfile;
    export api_call_check="$(aws --output json --region $region $* 2>&1)"
    echo -e "$api_call_check\n---------------------\n" >> $logfile
    if [[ $api_call_check =~ "RateLimit" ]]; then
      local waittime="$(( ( RANDOM % 10 )  + 5 ))"
      echo -e "Current API call ($2) has been rate limited. Waiting $waittime seconds to try again.";
      sleep $waittime
    fi
  done
 }

 # Logging functions
 LOGGING(){
  echo -e "$1" >> $logfile
 }

 LOGGINGVAR(){
  sed -i "s/$1"/"$2"/g $logfile
 }

 # Checking for IAM Role / User, testing IAM permissions for all API calls and exit with meaningful message if any problems are found
 # -------------vvv-------------

 # Check for IAM role or .aws/credentials and configure if missing
 AWSCLI_CREDS(){
  LOGGING "\nChecking required AWS credentials";
  LOGGING "---------------------------------\n";
  #export iamrole="$(curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/info/ -s -m 5)"
  if [[ -f $HOME/.aws/config ]]; then
    export AWS_CONFIG_FILE=$HOME/.aws/config
    LOGGING "Found $HOME/.aws/config";
    echo -e "AWSCLI configuration file found - ${GREEN}$AWS_CONFIG_FILE${NORMAL}\n"
    echo -ne "Checking basic API call permissions";
    API_CALL ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids $workinginstanceid
    if [[ $api_call_check =~ "UnauthorizedOperation" ]] || [[ $api_call_check =~ "AuthFailure" ]]; then
      MINIPROGRESS
      LOGGING "Failed to do basic aws ec2 describe-instances call using credentials configured in awscli configuration file."
      echo -e "${RED}[FAIL]${NORMAL}\n"
      PERMFAIL
    else
      MINIPROGRESS;
      LOGGING "Basic aws ec2 describe-instances call using IAM role succeeded.";
      echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n"
    fi
  elif [[ $iamrole =~ "Success" ]]; then
    LOGGING "IAM Role found - $(echo $iamrole | jq -r '.InstanceProfileArn')";
    echo -e "IAM Role found - ${GREEN}$(echo $iamrole | jq -r '.InstanceProfileArn')${NORMAL}\n";
    sleep 1
    echo -ne "Checking basic API call permissions";
    API_CALL ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids $workinginstanceid
    if [[ $api_call_check =~ "UnauthorizedOperation" ]] || [[ $api_call_check =~ "AuthFailure" ]]; then
      MINIPROGRESS;
      LOGGING "Failed to do basic aws ec2 describe-instances call using IAM role. Configuring awscli config file";
      echo -e "${RED}[FAIL]${NORMAL}\n"
      echo -e "Configuring aws-cli";
      aws configure
      if [[ -f $HOME/.aws/config ]]; then
        LOGGING "IAM Credentials configured. AWS_CONFIG_FILE has been set.";
        export AWS_CONFIG_FILE=$HOME/.aws/config
        echo -ne "Rechecking basic API call permissions";
        API_CALL ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids $workinginstanceid
        if [[ $api_call_check =~ "UnauthorizedOperation" ]] || [[ $api_call_check =~ "AuthFailure" ]]; then
          MINIPROGRESS
          LOGGING "Failed to do basic aws ec2 describe-instances call using credentials configured in awscli configuration file."
          echo -e "${RED}[FAIL]${NORMAL}\n"
          PERMFAIL
        else
          MINIPROGRESS;
          LOGGING "Basic aws ec2 describe-instances call using IAM permissions succeeded.";
          echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n"
        fi
      else
        echo -e "IAM Role or IAM permissions required to continue. Neither found.\nExiting..."
        exit
      fi
    else
      MINIPROGRESS;
      LOGGING "Basic aws ec2 describe-instances call using IAM role succeeded.";
      echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n"
    fi
  else
    LOGGING "$HOME/.aws/config not found. IAM role not found. Configuring awscli config file";
    echo -e "No IAM role found, configuring aws-cli";
    aws configure
    if [[ -f $HOME/.aws/config ]]; then
      export AWS_CONFIG_FILE=$HOME/.aws/config
      LOGGING "IAM Credentials configured. AWS_CONFIG_FILE has been set.";
      echo -ne "\nChecking basic API call permissions";
      API_CALL ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids $workinginstanceid
      if [[ $api_call_check =~ "UnauthorizedOperation" ]] || [[ $api_call_check =~ "AuthFailure" ]]; then
        MINIPROGRESS
        LOGGING "Failed to do basic aws ec2 describe-instances call using credentials configured in awscli configuration file."
        echo -e "${RED}[FAIL]${NORMAL}\n"
        PERMFAIL
      else
        MINIPROGRESS;
        LOGGING "Basic aws ec2 describe-instances call using IAM permissions succeeded.";
        echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n"
      fi
    echo -e "IAM Role or IAM permissions required to continue. Neither found.\nExiting..."
    else
      exit
    fi
  fi
  export workinginstancejson=$api_call_check
  if [[ $workinginstancejson == "" ]]; then
    echo "Failed to get working instance data. Cannot continue. Exiting script.";
    LOGGING "Failed to get working instance data - initial describe-instances call failed - cannot continue to check permissions"
    exit $?
  fi
 }

 # Permission check for all required calls
 PERMISSIONS(){
  LOGGING "\nChecking required IAM permissions";
  LOGGING "---------------------------------\n";

  local localvol="$(echo $workinginstancejson | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[0].BlockDeviceMappings[].Ebs.VolumeId' | head -n 1)"
  local localami="$(echo $workinginstancejson | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[0].ImageId')"

  # IAM permission checks - format: CHKPERMISSIONS "display message" "aws command with --dry-run"
  CHKPERMISSIONS "describe-instances" "API_CALL ec2 describe-instances --instance-id $workinginstanceid --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "start-instances" "API_CALL ec2 start-instances --instance-id $workinginstanceid --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "stop-instances" "API_CALL ec2 stop-instances --instance-id $workinginstanceid --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "run-instances" "API_CALL ec2 run-instances --image-id $localami --instance-type m3.medium --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "describe-volumes" "API_CALL ec2 describe-volumes --volume-ids $localvol --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "create-volumes" "API_CALL ec2 create-volume --size 1 --availability-zone $az --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "attach-volumes" "API_CALL ec2 attach-volume --volume-id $localvol --instance-id $workinginstanceid --device /dev/sdf --dry-run" "echo $api_call_check";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "detach-volumes" "API_CALL ec2 detach-volume --volume-id $localvol --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "delete-volumes" "API_CALL ec2 delete-volume --volume-id $localvol --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "describe-snapshots" "API_CALL ec2 describe-snapshots --snapshot-id snap-testing --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "create-snapshot" "API_CALL ec2 create-snapshot --volume-id $localvol --description createsnapshot.$$ --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "copy-snapshot" "API_CALL ec2 copy-snapshot --source-region $region --destination-region $region --source-snapshot-id snap-abc123ab  --description "CHKPERMISSIONS-copy-snapshot" --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "register-image" "API_CALL ec2 register-image --name registername.$$ --description registerimage.$$ --architecture x86_64 --root-device-name /dev/sda1 --virtualization-type hvm --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "create-image" "API_CALL ec2 create-image --instance $workinginstanceid --name createimage.$$ --dry-run";
  CHKPERMISSIONS "describe-images" "API_CALL ec2 describe-images --image-id $localami --dry-run";
  if [[ $failed_check = "1" ]]; then
    PERMFAIL
  fi
  LOGGING "\nPermission check completed\n--------------------------\n";
 }

 CHKPERMISSIONS(){
  LOGGING "Checking $1";
  #permcheck="$($2 2>&1)"
  $2 2>&1
  permcheck="$api_call_check"
  if [[ $permcheck =~ "UnauthorizedOperation" ]] || [[ $permcheck =~ "Unable to locate credentials" ]]; then
    printf "%-25s%-25s\n" "$1" "${RED}[FAIL]${NORMAL}"
    LOGGING "^^^^^ FAILED ^^^^^\n$permcheck\n";
    export failed_check="1"
  else
    printf "%-25s%-25s\n" "$1" "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}"
  fi
 }

 PERMFAIL(){
  echo -e "";
  echo -e "";
  if [[ -f $HOME/.aws/credentials ]]; then
    PERMFAIL_LOG "access key" credentials
  elif [[ -f $HOME/.aws/config ]]; then
    PERMFAIL_LOG "access key" config
  elif [[ $(curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/info/ -s -m 5) =~ "Success" ]]; then
    PERMFAIL_LOG role
  else
    echo -e "Ensure that the IAM user or role has the correct permissions.";
    LOGGING "Ensure that the IAM user or role has the correct permissions.";
  fi
  FAILMESSAGE
  exit $?
 }

 PERMFAIL_LOG(){
  if [[ $1 == "access key" ]]; then
    local key="$(grep -A 1 "default" $HOME/.aws/$2 | grep -i "aws_access_key_id" | awk '{ print$3 }')"
  elif [[ $1 == "role" ]]; then
    local key="$(echo $iamrole | jq -r '.InstanceProfileArn')"
  fi
  echo -e "Ensure $1: ${RED}$key${NORMAL} has the correct permissions.";
  LOGGING "\nEnsure $1: $key has the correct permissions.";
 }

 FAILMESSAGE(){
  echo -e "";
  echo -e "\e[1mSample IAM Policy:\e[0m";
  echo -e "{";
  echo -e "  \"Statement\": [";
  echo -e "    {";
  echo -e "      \"Sid\": \"Stmt1394176741257\",";
  echo -e "      \"Action\": [";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:DescribeInstances\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:RunInstances\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:StartInstances\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:StopInstances\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:DescribeVolumes\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:AttachVolume\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:CreateVolume\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:DetachVolume\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:DeleteVolume\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:DescribeImages\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:RegisterImage\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:DescribeSnapshots\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:CreateSnapshot\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:CopySnapshot\",";
  echo -e "        \"ec2:CreateImage\"";
  echo -e "      ],";
  echo -e "      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",";
  echo -e "      \"Resource\": \"*\"";
  echo -e "    }";
  echo -e "  ]";
  echo -e "}";
  echo -e "";
  echo -e "See http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/iam-policies-for-amazon-ec2.html";
  echo -e "";
  LOGGING "";
  LOGGING '{';
  LOGGING '  "Statement": [';
  LOGGING '    {';
  LOGGING '      "Sid": "Stmt1394176741257",';
  LOGGING '      "Action": [';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:DescribeInstances",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:RunInstances",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:StartInstances",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:StopInstances",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:DescribeVolumes",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:AttachVolume",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:CreateVolume",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:DetachVolume",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:DeleteVolume",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:DescribeImages",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:RegisterImage",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:DescribeSnapshots",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:CreateSnapshot",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:CopySnapshot",';
  LOGGING '        "ec2:CreateImage"';
  LOGGING '      ],';
  LOGGING '      "Effect": "Allow",';
  LOGGING '      "Resource": "*"';
  LOGGING '    }';
  LOGGING '  ]';
  LOGGING '}';
  LOGGING "See http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/iam-policies-for-amazon-ec2.html";
 }
 # -------------^^^-------------

 # Start actual script
 # -------------vvv-------------

 # Display help section
 if [[ $@ =~ "--help" ]]; then
  echo -e "\nUsage:   $0 <instance id> <options>\nExample: $0 i-xxxxxxxx --skip-checks \n\nSwitches:"
  echo -e " --help             Displays this help section";
  echo -e " --skip-checks      Skip all prerequisite checks, including tools &\n                    permisions.";
  echo -e " --force-reboot     Reboot the source instance, without confirmation, when\n                    creating the temporary AMI";
  echo -e " --cleanup          Cleanup temporary resource without prompting\n";
  exit 0
 elif [[ $@ =~ "--version" ]]; then
  echo -e "\n$SCRIPTTITLE\n"
  exit 0
 fi

 # Print script banner
 BANNER(){
 clear
 echo -e "${RED}\n#####################################################################${NORMAL}";
 #echo -e "";
 echo -ne "\n${GREEN}";
 printf "%*s\n" $(((${#SCRIPTTITLE}+70)/2)) "$SCRIPTTITLE"
 echo -e "${RED}";
 #echo -e "";
 echo -e "#####################################################################${NORMAL}\n";
 }

 # Start logging
 rm -rf $logfile;
 touch $logfile;

 LOGGING "\n$(/bin/basename $0) script log:\n-------------------------------\n\nResources used:\nvara\nvarb\nvarc\nvard\nvare\nvarf\nvarg\n\nWork log:\n--------\n"


 # Checking prerequisites
 if [[ ! $@ =~ "--skip-checks" ]]; then
  LOGGING "----------------------";
  LOGGING "Checking prerequisites";
  LOGGING "---------vvv----------";

  BANNER;

  echo -e "Checking script prerequisite\n";

  # Checking if script is executed as root
  CHECK_ROOT

  # Checking if this is a supported OS
  CHECK_OS

  # Checking is required packages are installed
  CHECK_AWSCLI
  CHECK_JQ
  CHECK_PV

  # Checking awscli credentials (config file or IAM role)
  AWSCLI_CREDS

  # Checking required IAM permissions
  PERMISSIONS

  LOGGING "------------^^^------------";
  LOGGING "Required prerequisites met";
  LOGGING "---------------------------\n";
 else
  BANNER;
  # Checking awscli credentials (config file or IAM role)
  AWSCLI_CREDS
  LOGGING "\nScript executed with --skip-checks.\nNo prerequisites checked.\n\n---------------------------------\n";
 fi


 LOGGINGVAR "vara" "Temporary instance: $workinginstanceid";
 LOGGINGVAR "varb" "Availability Zone: $az";
 LOGGINGVAR "varg" "Region: $region";

 ### Start ###

 BANNER;

 # Define / check source instance for valid instance id, if instance exist in same region & account
 # -------------vvv-------------

 srcinstancejson="$tmp/srcdescribe-instances"
 sourcevolumes="$tmp/srcvol-list"
 sourcesnapshots="$tmp/srcsnap-list"
 srcvolumejson="$tmp/srcdescribe-volumes"
 srcimagejson="$tmp/srcimage"
 check_response="false"

 ERROR(){
 echo -e "${RED}ERROR${NORMAL}: Script executed on source PV instance.";
 echo -e "       Script cannot be executed from source PV instance.";
 echo -e "       Launch a temoprary Amazon Linux instance to run the script.";
 echo -e "       Exiting script\n";
 LOGGING "ERROR: Script executed on source PV instance.\n";
 exit 1;
 }

 if [[ ! $1 =~ ^(--.*) ]]; then
  sourceinstance=$1
 fi
 if [[ -n $sourceinstance ]]; then
  if [[ $sourceinstance =~ ^(i-[a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9])$ ]] || [[ $sourceinstance =~ ^(i-[a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9])$ ]]; then
 #  if [[ $sourceinstance =~ ^(i-[a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9])$ ]]; then
    if [[ $sourceinstance == $workinginstanceid ]]; then
      ERROR
    fi
  else
    echo -e "${RED}$1${NORMAL} is not a valid instance id. Please provide a valid instance id:\e[0m";
    while [[ ${check_response} == "false" ]]; do
      read -p "> ";
      if [[ $sourceinstance =~ ^(i-[a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9])$ ]] || [[ $sourceinstance =~ ^(i-[a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9])$ ]]; then
 #      if [[ $sourceinstance =~ ^(i-[a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9])$ ]]; then
        if [[ $sourceinstance == $workinginstanceid ]]; then
          ERROR
        fi
        check_response="true"
      else
        echo -e "${RED}***Incorrect format${NORMAL} (Format: i-xxxxxxxx)";
        echo;
        echo -e "${RED}Source PV instance:${NORMAL}";
      fi
    done;
  fi
 else
  echo -e "\e[1mSource PV instance:\e[0m";
  while [[ ${check_response} == "false" ]]; do
    read -p "> ";
    if [[ $REPLY =~ ^(i-[a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9])$ ]] || [[ $REPLY =~ ^(i-[a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9])$ ]]; then
 #    if [[ $REPLY =~ ^(i-[a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9])$ ]]; then
      if [[ $REPLY == $workinginstanceid ]]; then
        ERROR
      fi
      check_response="true"
      sourceinstance=$REPLY
    else
      echo -e "\${RED}***Incorrect format***${NORMAL} (Format: i-xxxxxxxx)";
      echo;
      echo -e "${RED}Source PV instance:${NORMAL}";
    fi
  done;
 fi
 unset -f ERROR

 # Check if instance exists in region / account
 API_CALL ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids $sourceinstance
 if [[ $api_call_check =~ "InvalidInstanceID" ]] ; then
  echo -e "${RED}$sourceinstance${NORMAL} does not exist in ${GREEN}$region${NORMAL}, or in account ${GREEN}$accountid${NORMAL}\n";
  echo -e "Confirm instance id and try again.\n";
  LOGGING "$sourceinstance does not exist in $region, or in account $accountid\n";
  exit 1;
 fi

 # Save source instance data - to be reused later
 API_CALL ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids $sourceinstance
 echo $api_call_check > $srcinstancejson
 LOGGING "Source instance - $sourceinstance - json saved to $srcinstancejson:";
 LOGGING "-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n$(cat $srcinstancejson)${NORMAL}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n"
 LOGGINGVAR "varc" "Source Instance: $sourceinstance"

 ### Various sanity checks on source instance
 # Check device names for trailing numbers
 if [[ $(cat $srcinstancejson | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[].BlockDeviceMappings[] | select(.DeviceName != "/dev/sda1") | .DeviceName') =~ [1-9] ]]; then
  echo -e "${RED}ERROR:${NORMAL} Instance ${RED}$sourceinstance${NORMAL} contains volumes attached as devices with\n       trailing numbers:\n${GREEN}$(cat $srcinstancejson | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[].BlockDeviceMappings[] | select(.DeviceName != "/dev/sda1") | .DeviceName')${NORMAL}\n\nHVM instances / AMIs do not support the use of trailing numbers on\ndevice names:\n${GREEN}http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/device_naming.html${NORMAL}\n\nPlease re-attach these volumes device names without trailing numbers\nand try again. Exiting...\n";
  LOGGING "$sourceinstance contains volumes attached as devices with trailing numbers.\n$(cat $srcinstancejson | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[].BlockDeviceMappings')";
  exit 255
 fi

 # Check if source instance is HVM
 if [[ $(cat $srcinstancejson | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[].VirtualizationType') == "hvm" ]]; then
  echo -e "${RED}ERROR:${NORMAL} Instance ${RED}$sourceinstance${NORMAL} is already HVM. No need to convert it.\n\nExiting...\n";
  LOGGING "$sourceinstance is an HVM instances:\n$(cat $srcinstancejson | jq '.Reservations[].Instances[]' | grep Virtualization)";
  exit 255
 fi

 # Check if source instance is a Marketplace instance
 if [[ $(cat $srcinstancejson | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[].ProductCodes[].ProductCodeType') == "marketplace" ]]; then
  echo -e "${RED}ERROR:${NORMAL} Instance ${RED}$sourceinstance${NORMAL} has been launched from a Marketplacei AMI.\n       Instances launched from a Marketplace AMI cannot be converted.\n\nYou should backup your data and migrate your workload to a new\nHVM instance manually. Exiting...\n";
  LOGGING "$sourceinstance is a Marketplace instance and is not supported.\n$(cat $srcinstancejson | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[].ProductCodes')";
  exit 255
 fi
 # -------------^^^-------------

 API_CALL ec2 describe-volumes --volume-ids $(cat $srcinstancejson | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[].BlockDeviceMappings[] | select(.Ebs) | .Ebs.VolumeId')

 echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Volumes[] | .Attachments[].Device, "-", .VolumeId, "-", .VolumeType, "-", .Iops' |\
  tr '\n' ' ' |\
  sed -e 's*\/d*\n\/d*g' |\
  grep vol > $sourcevolumes

 LOGGING "Source volumes / devices:"
 LOGGING "------------------------\n$(cat $sourcevolumes)\n------------------------\n\n"

 # Create temporary AMI from source instance.
 # -------------vvv-------------
 AMI_CHECK(){
  if [[ $tempami =~ "Server.InternalError" ]]; then
    sleep 30
    check_ami_response="false"
    while [[ $check_ami_response != "true" ]]; do
      API_CALL ec2 create-image --instance-id $sourceinstance --name Temp-Image-PV-HVM-Conversion.$$ --description Temporary_AMI_created_from_source_instance_$sourceinstance --reboot
      tempami="(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.ImageId')"
      API ec2 describe-images --image-ids $tempami
        if [[ ! $api_call_check =~ "Server.InternalError" ]]; then
          check_ami_response="true"
        else
          sleep 10
        fi
     done
  fi
 }

 LOGGING "Temporary AMI:\n-------------\n";
 if [[ ! $@ =~ "--force-reboot" ]]; then
  API_CALL ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids $sourceinstance
  if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[].State.Name') != "stopped" ]]; then
    echo -e "Source instance is running."
    check_response="false"
    echo -e "\nReboot instance to create temporary AMI? (y/n)";
    while [[ $check_response == "false" ]]; do
      read -p "> ";
      if [[ $REPLY =~ ^([yY][eE][sS]|[yY])$ ]]; then
        echo -e "Creating temporary AMI from instance: ${RED}$sourceinstance${NORMAL}";
        API_CALL ec2 create-image --instance-id $sourceinstance --name Temp-Image-PV-HVM-Conversion.$$ --description Temporary_AMI_created_from_source_instance_$sourceinstance --reboot
        tempami=$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.ImageId')
        LOGGING "Temporary AMI creation started - with reboot option selected:\n$api_call_check"
       # AMI_CHECK
        check_response="true"
      elif [[ $REPLY =~ ^([nN][oO]|[nN])$ ]]; then
        echo -e "\nFilesystem integrity cannot be guaranteed. Creating temporary AMI\nfrom ${RED}$sourceinstance${NORMAL}, without reboot...";
        API_CALL ec2 create-image --instance-id $sourceinstance --name Temp-Image-PV-HVM-Conversion.$$ --description Temporary_AMI_created_from_source_instance_$sourceinstance --no-reboot
        tempami=$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.ImageId')
        create_ami_response="true"
        LOGGING "Temporary AMI creation started - with no-reboot option selected:\n$api_call_check"
        check_response="true"
      else
        echo -e "Yes or No";
      fi
    done
  else
    echo -e "\nCreating temporary AMI from instance: ${RED}$sourceinstance${NORMAL}";
    API_CALL ec2 create-image --instance-id $sourceinstance --name Temp-Image-PV-HVM-Conversion.$$ --description Temporary_AMI_created_from_source_instance_$sourceinstance --no-reboot
    tempami=$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.ImageId')
    create_ami_response="true"
    LOGGING "Temporary AMI creation started - source instance in stopped state:\n$api_call_check"
  fi
 else
  echo -e "\nCreating temporary AMI from instance: ${RED}$sourceinstance${NORMAL}\n--force-reboot option was used:\nRebooting ${RED}$sourceinstance${NORMAL} (if running)";
  API_CALL ec2 create-image --instance-id $sourceinstance --name Temp-Image-PV-HVM-Conversion.$$ --description Temporary_AMI_created_from_source_instance_$sourceinstance --reboot
  tempami=$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.ImageId')
  LOGGING "Temporary AMI creation started - source instance was rebooted (--force-reboot option):\n$api_call_check"
 fi

 echo -e "\nThis process may take a very long time if the instance has large\nvolumes attached.\nPlease be patient and allow this process to finish.\n";
 echo -ne "Creating AMI";
 MINIPROGRESS
 checkprogress="incomplete"
 while [[ $checkprogress != "completed" ]]; do
  API_CALL ec2 describe-images --image-ids $tempami
  if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Images[].State') != "available" ]]; then
    if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Images[].State') == "pending" ]]; then
      MAXPROGRESS
    elif [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Images[].State') == "failed" ]]; then
      echo -e "${RED}[FAIL]${NORMAL}\n"
      echo -e "\nAMI Creation failed - Reason:\n${RED}$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Images[].StateReason.Message')${NORMAL}"
      LOGGING "AMI Creation failed. Reason:\n$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Images[].StateReason.Message')\n"
      exit 255
    fi
  else
    checkprogress="completed"
  fi
 done

 API_CALL ec2 describe-images --image-ids $tempami
 echo $api_call_check > $srcimagejson
 # Get block device mapping from source image created previously, removing any "VirtualName": "ephemeral0" from the results.
 cat $srcimagejson | jq -r '.Images[].BlockDeviceMappings[] | select(.Ebs) | .DeviceName, "*", .Ebs.SnapshotId, "*", .Ebs.VolumeSize, "*", .Ebs.VolumeType, "*", .Ebs.Iops, ","' | tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's*\ ,*\n*g' -e 's* \/*\/*g' -e 's*\ **g' > $sourcesnapshots
 for completed in $(cat $srcimagejson | jq -r '.Images[].BlockDeviceMappings[]  | select(.Ebs) | .Ebs.SnapshotId'); do
  MINIPROGRESS
  checkprogess="incomplete"
  while [[ $checkprogress != "completed" ]]; do
    API_CALL ec2 describe-snapshots --snapshot-ids $completed
    if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Snapshots[].State') != "completed" ]]; then
      PROGRESS
    else
      checkprogress="completed"
      LOGGING "Snapshot - $completed completed successfully";
    fi
  done;
 done;
 echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}";

 LOGGING "\nAMI:\n$(cat $srcimagejson)\n"
 LOGGING "Source snapshots / devices:"
 LOGGING "$(cat $sourcesnapshots)\n-------------\n"
 LOGGINGVAR "vard" "Temporary AMI: $tempami"
 # -------------^^^-------------

 # Creating source volume, attaching, fsck and resizing
 # -------------vvv-------------

 # Creating source root volume

 echo -ne "\nCreating temporary source volume";
 srcrootsnap="$(cat $sourcesnapshots | grep -i 'sda\|xvde' | awk -F "*" '{ print $2 }')"
 srcvolsize="$(cat $sourcesnapshots | grep -i 'sda\|xvde' | awk -F "*" '{ print $3 }')"
 srcvoltype="$(cat $sourcesnapshots | grep -i 'sda\|xvde' | awk -F "*" '{ print $4 }')"
 if [[ $srcvoltype == "io1" ]]; then
  srcvoliops="$(cat $sourcesnapshots | grep -i 'sda\|xvde' | awk -F "*" '{ print $5 }')"
  API_CALL ec2 create-volume --snapshot-id $srcrootsnap --availability-zone $az --size $srcvolsize --volume-type $srcvoltype --iops $srcvoliops
  LOGGING "Source volume create:\n--------------------\nVolume: $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.VolumeId')\nSnapshot: $srcrootsnap\nSize: $srcvolsize\nType: $srcvoltype\nIOPS: $srcvoliops"
  LOGGING "$api_call_check\n"
 else
  API_CALL ec2 create-volume --snapshot-id $srcrootsnap --availability-zone $az --size $srcvolsize --volume-type $srcvoltype
  LOGGING "Source volume create:\n--------------------\nVolume: $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.VolumeId')\nSnapshot: $srcrootsnap\nSize: $srcvolsize\nType: $srcvoltype"
  LOGGING "$api_call_check"
 fi
 srcvolume="$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.VolumeId')"
 PROGRESS
 check_progress="incomplete"
 while [[ $check_progress != "completed" ]]; do
  API_CALL ec2 describe-volumes --volume-ids $srcvolume
  if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Volumes[].State') != "available" ]]; then
    PROGRESS
  else
    check_progress="completed"
  fi
 done
 echo -e "${GREEN}$srcvolume${NORMAL}";
 LOGGINGVAR "vare" "Source volume: $srcvolume"

 # Attaching source root volume to temporary instance
 sourcedev="/dev/sdj"
 sourcedevicemapping=$(echo $workinginstancejson | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[].BlockDeviceMappings[].DeviceName')
 if [[ -z $(echo $sourcedevicemapping | \grep "$sourcedev") ]]; then
  echo -ne "\nAttaching ${GREEN}$srcvolume${NORMAL} as ${RED}$sourcedev${NORMAL}";
  MINIPROGRESS
  API_CALL ec2 attach-volume --volume-id $srcvolume --instance-id $workinginstanceid --device $sourcedev
  check_state="false"
  while [[ $check_state != "true" ]]; do
    MAXPROGRESS
    API_CALL ec2 describe-volumes --volume-ids $srcvolume
    if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Volumes[].State') != "in-use" ]]; then
      MINIPROGRESS
    else
      echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";
      check_state="true"
      LOGGING "Attached $srcvolume:";
      LOGGING "$api_call_check"
    fi
  done
 else
  localdevice=('' {b..z})
  echo -e "\nDefault device name, ${RED}$sourcedev${NORMAL} in use. Select another device:\n";
  for (( I = 1; I <= 25; ++I )); do
    echo -e "/dev/sd${localdevice[I]}" | grep -v "$(lsblk -l | awk '{ print $1 }' | grep -i "^x" | sed -e 's/^xv/s/g')"
  done
  check_response="false"
  while [[ $check_response != "true" ]]; do
    read -p  "> ";
    if [[ $REPLY =~ ^([\/]dev[\/]sd[b-z])$ ]]; then
      if [[ -z $(echo $sourcedevicemapping | \grep "$REPLY") ]]; then
        check_response="true"
        sourcedev="$REPLY"
      else
        check_response="false"
        BANNER;
        echo -e "Device name, ${RED}$REPLY${NORMAL} in use. Select another device:\n";
        for (( I = 1; I <= 25; ++I )); do
          echo -e "/dev/sd${localdevice[I]}" | grep -v "$(lsblk -l | awk '{ print $1 }' | grep -i "^x" | sed -e 's/^xv/s/g')"
        done
      fi
    else
      check_response="false"
      BANNER
      echo -e "${RED}$REPLY${NORMAL} is not a valid selection. Select from the list of devices below:\n";
      for (( I = 1; I <= 25; ++I )); do
        echo -e "/dev/sd${localdevice[I]}" | grep -v "$(lsblk -l | awk '{ print $1 }' | grep -i "^x" | sed -e 's/^xv/s/g')"
      done
    fi
  done
  BANNER
  echo -ne "Attaching ${GREEN}$srcvolume${NORMAL} as ${RED}$sourcedev${NORMAL}"
  API_CALL ec2 attach-volume --volume-id $srcvolume --instance-id $workinginstanceid --device $sourcedev
  check_state="false"
  while [[ $check_state != "true" ]]; do
    MAXPROGRESS
    API_CALL ec2 describe-volumes --volume-ids $srcvolume
    if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Volumes[].State') != "in-use" ]]; then
      MINIPROGRESS
    else
      echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";
      check_state="true"
      LOGGING "Attached $srcvolume:";
      LOGGING "$api_call_check\n"
    fi
  done
 fi

 # Get xen device names
 echo -e "\nPreparing source device:\n";
 sourcedev1="$(echo "$sourcedev" | awk -F 'd' '{print $NF}')"
 while [[ -z $source ]]; do
  for f in $(lsblk -l | grep -i "xvd$sourcedev1" | awk '{ print $1 }'); do
    mount /dev/$f $sysroot > /dev/null 2>&1;
    if [[ -d $sysroot/etc ]]; then
      export source="/dev/$f";
    fi;
    umount $sysroot > /dev/null 2>&1;
  done;
  LOGGING "Attached as: $sourcedev\nInternal device: $source\n--------------------\n"
 done

 echo -e "This process will take a very long time (${RED}Up to a couple of hours${NORMAL}) if\nchecking a large source volume. Please be patient and allow this\nprocess to finish.\n";
 LOGGING "Checking source volume:\n----------------------\n";
 echo -e "Checking ${RED}$source${NORMAL}:";

 # Check if grub had been installed
 mount $source $sysroot
 which $sysroot/sbin/grub > /dev/null 2>&1
 status_0=$?
 which $sysroot/usr/sbin/grub > /dev/null 2>&1
 status_1=$?
 if [[ "$status_0" -ne 0 ]] && [[ "$status_1" -ne 0 ]] ; then
  echo -e "Grub has not been installed on $sourceinstance. Please install grub and run the script again. Exiting...\n";
  LOGGING "Grub is not installed on $sourceinstance";
  umount $sysroot
  sleep 5
  echo -ne "Removing temporary resources:\n----------------------------\n";
  LOGGING "Removing temporary resources:";
  MINIPROGRESS
  API_CALL ec2 deregister-image --image-id $tempami
  LOGGING "Deregistering $tempami:\n$api_call_check\n";
  MINIPROGRESS
  for cleanup in $(cat $sourcesnapshots | awk -F "*" '{ print $2 }'); do
    API_CALL ec2 delete-snapshot --snapshot-id $cleanup
    LOGGING "Deleted $cleanup";
  done;
  API_CALL ec2 detach-volume --volume-id $srcvolume
  check_response="false"
  while [[ $check_response != "true" ]]; do
    API_CALL ec2 describe-volumes --volume-ids $srcvolume
    if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r  '.Volumes[].State') != "available" ]]; then
      PROGRESS
    else
      check_response="true"
      LOGGING "\n$srcvolume detached:\n$api_call_check\n";
    fi
  done
  API_CALL ec2 delete-volume --volume-id $srcvolume
  LOGGING "$srcvolume deleted";
  for delete in $srcinstancejson $sourcevolumes $sourcesnapshots $srcvolumejson $srcimagejson $finalsnap $mapping; do
    (rm -vf $delete) | tee -a $logfile > /dev/null 2>&1
  done;
  LOGGING "Temporary files deleted\n\n----------------------------\n"
  echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";
  exit 1
 else
  echo -e "\nConfirmed grub installation on ${GREEN}$srcvolume${NORMAL}\n";
  LOGGING "Confirmed grub installation on $srcvolume\n";
  umount $sysroot
  sleep 2
 fi

 # Execute fsck before resizing source partition
 echo -e "Checking $source for any errors:";
 LOGGING "e2fsck $source:";
 (e2fsck -vfp "$source") 2>&1 | tee -a $logfile

 # Check to see if fsck was successful and resize source partition
 status=$?
 if [[ "$status" = 0 ]] ; then
  echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";
  LOGGING "fsck check completed successfully";
  echo -e "Reducing ${RED}$source${NORMAL} size:";
  LOGGING "\nReducing $source size:";
  # Create a variable with the output of resize2fs, to be used to decided the size of the destination volume later and then log the output.
  resize_check="$(resize2fs -d 16 -M "$source" 2>&1)" && echo $resize_check >> $logfile
  echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";
 else
  echo -e "${RED}[FAIL]${NORMAL}\n $source will not be resized.";
  export fsck_failed="true"
  LOGGING "fsck check on $source failed - skip resizing.";
 fi
 echo -e "Dumping ${RED}$source${NORMAL} info:";
 dump=$(dumpe2fs -h "$source")
 block_size=$(awk -F':[ \t]+' '/^Block size:/ {print $2}' <<<"$dump")
 block_count=$(awk -F':[ \t]+' '/^Block count:/ {print $2}' <<<"$dump")
 LOGGING "$source dump2fs output:\n$dump\n\n$source block size: $block_size\n$source block count: ${RED}$block_count${NORMAL}\n----------------------\n";
 echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}";

 # -------------^^^-------------

 # Creating destination volume and partitioning
 # -------------vvv-------------

 # Create destination root volume

 # Set destination volume size, based on fsck result of source partition
 BANNER;
 echo -ne "\nCreating temporary destination volume";
 # If the volume could not be resized, create the temporary destination volume size as source volume + 1GB, otherwise dd will fail with the destination volume running out of space (as a partition will be created on the destination volume.
 if [[ $fsck_failed == "true" ]] || [[ $resize_check =~ "Nothing to do" ]]; then
  dstvolsize=$(expr $srcvolsize + 1)
  LOGGING "Temporary destination volume size increased to ${dstvolsize}GB, as resize2fs could not resize the volume. Reason:"
  if [[ $fsck_failed == "true" ]]; then
    LOGGING "fsck check failed, resulting in resizing the volume not being executed"
  elif [[ $resize_check =~ "Nothing to do" ]]; then
    LOGGING "resize2fs could not shrik the filesystem on the source volume - already at minimum size"
  fi
 else
  dstvolsize="$srcvolsize"
  LOGGING "Temporary destination volume size = $dstvolume"
 fi
 dstvoltype="$srcvoltype"
 if [[ $dstvoltype == "io1" ]]; then
  dstvoliops="$(cat $sourcesnapshots | grep -i 'sda\|xvde' | awk -F "*" '{ print $5 }')"
  API_CALL ec2 create-volume --availability-zone $az --size $dstvolsize --volume-type $dstvoltype --iops $dstvoliops
  LOGGING "Destination volume create:\n--------------------\nVolume: $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.VolumeId')\nSize: $dstvolsize\nType: $dstvoltype\nIOPS: $dstvoliops";
  LOGGING "$api_call_check\n";
 else
  API_CALL ec2 create-volume --availability-zone $az --size $dstvolsize --volume-type $dstvoltype
  LOGGING "Destination volume create:\n--------------------\nVolume: $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.VolumeId')\nSize: $dstvolsize\nType: $dstvoltype";
  LOGGING "$api_call_check\n";
 fi
 dstvolume="$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.VolumeId')"

 check_progress="incomplete"
 MINIPROGRESS
 while [[ $check_progress != "completed" ]]; do
  API_CALL ec2 describe-volumes --volume-ids $dstvolume
  if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Volumes[].State') != "available" ]]; then
    PROGRESS
  else
    check_progress="completed"
  fi
 done
 echo -e "${GREEN}$dstvolume${NORMAL}";
 LOGGINGVAR "varf" "Desitnation volume - $dstvolume"

 # Refresh workinginstancejson, to include attached source devices
 API_CALL ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids $workinginstanceid
 workinginstancejson="$api_call_check"

 # Attaching destination volume to temporary instance
 destdev="/dev/sdk"
 destdevicemapping=$(echo $workinginstancejson | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[].BlockDeviceMappings[].DeviceName')
 if [[ -z $(echo $destdevicemapping | \grep "$destdev") ]]; then
  echo -ne "\nAttaching ${GREEN}$dstvolume${NORMAL} as ${RED}$destdev${NORMAL}";
  MINIPROGRESS
  API_CALL ec2 attach-volume --volume-id $dstvolume --instance-id $workinginstanceid --device $destdev
  check_state="false"
  while [[ $check_state != "true" ]]; do
    MAXPROGRESS
    API_CALL ec2 describe-volumes --volume-ids $dstvolume
    if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Volumes[].State') != "in-use" ]]; then
      MINIPROGRESS
    else
      echo "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}";
      check_state="true"
      LOGGING "Attached $dstvolume:";
      LOGGING "$api_call_check"
    fi
  done
 else
    localdevice=('' {b..z})
  echo -e "\nDefault device name, ${RED}$destdev${NORMAL} in use. Select another device:\n";
  for (( I = 1; I <= 25; ++I )); do
    echo -e "/dev/sd${localdevice[I]}" | grep -v "$(lsblk -l | awk '{ print $1 }' | grep -i "^x" | sed -e 's/^xv/s/g')"
  done
  check_response="false"
  while [[ $check_response != "true" ]]; do
    read -p  "> ";
    if [[ $REPLY =~ ^([\/]dev[\/]sd[b-z])$ ]]; then
      if [[ -z $(echo $destdevicemapping | \grep "$REPLY") ]]; then
        check_response="true"
        destdev="$REPLY"
      else
        check_response="false"
        BANNER;
        echo -e "Device name, ${RED}$REPLY${NORMAL} in use. Select another device:\n";
        for (( I = 1; I <= 25; ++I )); do
          echo -e "/dev/sd${localdevice[I]}" | grep -v "$(lsblk -l | awk '{ print $1 }' | grep -i "^x" | sed -e 's/^xv/s/g')"
        done
      fi
    else
      check_response="false"
      BANNER
      echo -e "${RED}$REPLY${NORMAL} is not a valid selection. Select from the list of devices below:\n";
      for (( I = 1; I <= 25; ++I )); do
        echo -e "/dev/sd${localdevice[I]}" | grep -v "$(lsblk -l | awk '{ print $1 }' | grep -i "^x" | sed -e 's/^xv/s/g')"
      done
    fi
  done
  BANNER
  echo -ne "Attaching ${GREEN}$dstvolume${NORMAL} as ${RED}$destdev${NORMAL}"
  API_CALL ec2 attach-volume --volume-id $dstvolume --instance-id $workinginstanceid --device $destdev
  check_state="false"
  while [[ $check_state != "true" ]]; do
    MAXPROGRESS
    API_CALL ec2 describe-volumes --volume-ids $dstvolume
    if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Volumes[].State') != "in-use" ]]; then
      MINIPROGRESS
    else
      echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";
      check_state="true"
      LOGGING "Attached $dstvolume:";
      LOGGING "$api_call_check\n"
    fi
  done
 fi

 # Get xen device names
 destdev1="$(echo "$destdev" | awk -F 'd' '{print $NF}')"

 while [[ -z $destination ]]; do
  if [[ $(file "/dev/xvd$destdev1" | \grep -o block) == "block" ]]; then
    destination="/dev/xvd$destdev1"
    sleep 5;
  fi
 done

 LOGGING "Attached as: $destdev\nInternal device: $destination\n--------------------\n"

 # Partition destination volume
 echo -e "Partitioning ${RED}$destination${NORMAL}:";
 LOGGING "Partitioning $destination:";
 (parted $destination --script 'mklabel msdos mkpart primary 1M -1s print quit') 2>&1 | tee -a $logfile
 (partprobe $destination) | tee -a $logfile
 (udevadm settle) | tee -a $logfile
 echo -e "\n${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";

 # -------------^^^-------------

 # Duplicating source partition to destination partition, resizing and mounting and preparing destination partition
 # -------------vvv-------------

 # Duplicate source to destination
 echo -e "Duplicating ${RED}$source${NORMAL} to ${RED}$destination${NORMAL}:";
 LOGGING "Duplicated $source to $destination device\n";

 if [[ $pv = true ]]; then
  total_size="$(( $block_count * $block_size))"
  (dd if=$source bs=$block_size count=$block_count | pv -tpaeb --no-splice -s $total_size | dd of=${destination}1 bs=$block_size count=$block_count) | tee -a $logfile
 else
  (dd if=$source bs=$block_size count=$block_count of=${destination}1) | tee -a $logfile
 fi
 echo -e "\n${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";

 # Resizing destination
 echo -e "Resizing ${RED}$destination${NORMAL} to fill volume:\n";
 LOGGING "Resizing ${destinatio}1:";
 (resize2fs -d 16 ${destination}1)  2>&1 | tee -a $logfile
 echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";

 # Mount destination filesystem to mount point
 echo -e "Mount ${RED}$destination${NORMAL} to ${GREEN}$sysroot${NORMAL}";
 LOGGING "Mount $destination to $sysroot:";
 (mount -v ${destination}1 $sysroot) 2>&1 | tee -a $logfile
 echo -e "\n${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";

 # Prepare devices on destination for grub installation
 echo -e "Preparing ${RED}$destination${NORMAL} for chroot environment:";
 LOGGING "Copy $destination and ${destination}1 to $sysroot/dev/";
 (cp -va $destination ${destination}1 $sysroot/dev/) | tee -a $logfile > /dev/null 2>&1
 LOGGING "---------------------\n";
 echo -e "\n${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";
 # -------------^^^-------------

 # Making changes to destination volume
 # -------------vvv-------------
 BANNER
 echo -e "\nConverting ${RED}$dstvolume${NORMAL} to HVM:\n";
 LOGGING "Convert $dstvolume to HVM:\n------------------------";

 # Installing grub
 LOGGING "Installing grub:";
 (rm -vf $sysroot/boot/grub/*stage*) | tee -a $logfile > /dev/null 2>&1
 #(cp -v $sysroot/usr/*/grub/*/*stage* $sysroot/boot/grub/) | tee -a $logfile > /dev/null 2>&1
 (find $sysroot/usr -type f -path "*grub*stage*" -exec cp -fv {} $sysroot/boot/grub/ \;) | tee -a $logfile > /dev/null 2>&1
 (rm -vf $sysroot/boot/grub/device.map) | tee -a $logfile > /dev/null 2>&1
 echo -e "${NORMAL}Installing grub\n";
 (cat <<EOF | chroot $sysroot grub --batch
 device (hd0) $destination
 root (hd0,0)
 setup (hd0)
 EOF
 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $logfile
 LOGGING "Removing temp device files:";
 (rm -vf ${sysroot}${destination} ${sysroot}${destination}1) | tee -a $logfile > /dev/null 2>&1
 echo -e "\n${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";

 # Fixing grub.conf / menu.lst
 echo -e "Fixing grub config";
 LOGGING "\nModified grub config:";
 (e2label ${destination}1 root) | tee -a $logfile > /dev/null 2>&1 &
 sleep 10; # Give everything time to setting before hacking grub.conf
 for grub in grub.conf menu.lst; do
  if [[ -L $sysroot/boot/grub/$grub ]]; then
    LOGGING "$sysroot/boot/grub/$grub is a symlink"
  else
    sed -i 's/(hd0)/(hd0,0)/' $sysroot/boot/grub/$grub > /dev/null 2>&1
    sed -i 's/root=\([^ ]*\)/root=LABEL=root/' $sysroot/boot/grub/$grub > /dev/null 2>&1
    sed -i 's/console*\([^ ]*\)//' $sysroot/boot/grub/$grub > /dev/null 2>&1
    if [[ -f $sysroot/boot/grub/$grub ]]; then
      if [[ ! $(cat $sysroot/boot/grub/$grub | grep -i "^kernel") =~ "console" ]]; then
        sed -i '/^kernel/{s/$/ console\=ttyS0/}' $sysroot/boot/grub/$grub;
      fi
    fi
  fi
 done
 if [[ -f $sysroot/boot/grub/menu.lst ]]; then
  LOGGING "$(cat $sysroot/boot/grub/menu.lst)\n";
 else
  LOGGING "$(cat $sysroot/boot/grub/grub.conf)\n";
 fi
 echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";

 # Fix fstab
 echo -e "Fixing fstab config";
 LOGGING "Modified fstab config:";
 sed -i 's/LABEL=[^\s]/LABEL=root/i' $sysroot/etc/fstab
 echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";
 LOGGING "$(cat $sysroot/etc/fstab)\n";

 # Unmount $sysroot
 LOGGING "Unmount $dstvolume:";
 (umount $sysroot) | tee -a $logfile > /dev/null 2>&1
 sleep 5;
 LOGGING "\n$dstvolume successfully converted to HVM";
 LOGGING "--------------------------------------\n";

 # -------------^^^-------------

 # Finalize process and create AMI
 # -------------vvv-------------

 # Creating snapshot and registering AMI
 LOGGING "Registering snapshot(s) and creating image (AMI):\n------------------------------------------------\n";
 BANNER;
 # Figure out root snap / volume size with final AMI creation...
 finalsnap="$tmp/final-snapshots"
 rm -f $finalsnap
 echo -ne "Creating a snapshot of ${RED}$dstvolume${NORMAL}";
 check_response="false"
 API_CALL ec2 create-snapshot --volume-id $dstvolume --description converted_HVMAMI_root
 rootsnap="$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.SnapshotId')"
 rootsnap_size="$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.VolumeSize')"
 LOGGING "Creating $rootsnap:";
 while [[ $check_response != "true" ]]; do
  MAXPROGRESS
  API_CALL ec2 describe-snapshots --snapshot-ids $rootsnap
  if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Snapshots[].State') != "completed" ]]; then
    PROGRESS
  else
    echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";
    check_response="true"
    echo -ne "$rootsnap*/dev/sda1*" >> $finalsnap;
    (echo -ne $rootsnap_size; cat $sourcesnapshots | grep -i '/dev/sda\|/dev/xvde' | awk -F "*" '{print "*"$4"*"$5 }') >> $finalsnap
    LOGGING "$api_call_check\n";
  fi
 done

 # Copy additional snapshots
 echo -ne "Finalizing snapshot(s) for final AMI";
 for snap in $(cat $sourcesnapshots | grep -v '/dev/sda\|/dev/xvde'); do
  region=$region
  srcdev="$(echo $snap | awk -F "*" '{ print $1 }')";
  srcsnap="$(echo $snap | awk -F "*" '{ print $2 }')";
  srcsize="$(echo $snap | awk -F "*" '{ print $3 }')";
  srctype="$(echo $snap | awk -F "*" '{ print $4 }')";
  srciops="$(echo $snap | awk -F "*" '{ print $5 }')";
  check_response="false"
  API_CALL ec2 copy-snapshot --source-region $region --destination-region $region --source-snapshot-id  $srcsnap --description converted_HVMAMI_additionalvolume
  tempsnap="$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.SnapshotId')"
  LOGGING "Creating $tempsnap from $srcsnap:";
  while [[ $check_response != "true" ]]; do
    API_CALL ec2 describe-snapshots --snapshot-ids $tempsnap
    if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Snapshots[].State') != "completed" ]]; then
      MAXPROGRESS
    else
      check_response="true"
      echo -ne "$tempsnap*$srcdev*" >> $finalsnap;
      echo -e "$(cat $sourcesnapshots | grep -i $srcsnap | awk -F "*" '{ print $3"*"$4"*"$5 }')" >> $finalsnap;
      LOGGING "$api_call_check\n";
    fi
  done
 done
 echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";

 # Create block device mapping file
 mapping="$tmp/mapping"
 echo -e "[\n" > $mapping;
 for snap in $(cat $finalsnap); do
  snapshot="$(echo $snap | awk -F "*" '{ print $1 }')";
  device="$(echo $snap | awk -F "*" '{ print $2 }')";
  size="$(echo $snap | awk -F "*" '{ print $3 }')";
  voltype="$(echo $snap | awk -F "*" '{ print $4 }')";
  iops="$(echo $snap | awk -F "*" '{ print $5 }')";
  if [[ $voltype == "io1" ]]; then
    echo -e "  {\n    \"VirtualName\": \"ebs\",\n    \"DeviceName\": \"$device\",\n    \"Ebs\": {\n           \"SnapshotId\": \"$snapshot\",\n           \"VolumeSize\": $size,\n           \"VolumeType\": \"$voltype\",\n           \"Iops\": $iops\n    }\n  }," >> $mapping;
  else
    echo -e "  {\n    \"VirtualName\": \"ebs\",\n    \"DeviceName\": \"$device\",\n    \"Ebs\": {\n           \"SnapshotId\": \"$snapshot\",\n           \"VolumeSize\": $size,\n           \"VolumeType\": \"$voltype\"\n    }\n  }," >> $mapping;
  fi
 done

 # Add ephemeral volumes from initila src image (if any) and add to mapping file
 cat $srcimagejson | jq -r '.Images[].BlockDeviceMappings[] | select(.VirtualName)' | sed -e 's/\}/\},/g' >> $mapping

 # Remove trailing "," from jq output and end off the mapping file with "]"
 head -n -1 $mapping > $tmp/tmpmap;
 \mv $tmp/tmpmap $mapping;
 echo -e "  }\n]" >> $mapping;

 LOGGING "BlockDeviceMapping for final AMI:\n$(cat $mapping)";

 # Register AMI

 echo -ne "Registering final HVM AMI";
 API_CALL ec2 register-image --name Converted_HVM_${sourceinstance}.$$ --description HVM_AMI_created_from_source_instance_${sourceinstance} --architecture x86_64 --root-device-name /dev/sda1 --virtualization-type hvm --block-device-mappings file://$mapping
 ami="$(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.ImageId')"
 PROGRESS
 check_response="false"
 while [[ $check_response != "true" ]]; do
  API_CALL ec2 describe-images --image-id $ami
  if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Images[].State') != "available"   ]]; then
    PROGRESS
  else
    check_response="true"
    echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";
    LOGGING "Final AMI - $ami:\n$api_call_check\n";
  fi
 done
 echo -e "\nHVM AMI creation complete. AMI = ${GREEN}$ami${NORMAL}\n";
 echo -e "$ami" > $tmp/ami-d
 sleep 2

 ### Cleanup
 BANNER
 CLEANUP(){
  echo -ne "\nRemoving temporary resources";
  MINIPROGRESS
  API_CALL ec2 deregister-image --image-id $tempami
  LOGGING "Deregistered temporaory ami - $tempami:\n$api_call_check";
  MINIPROGRESS
  for cleanup in $(cat $sourcesnapshots | awk -F "*" '{ print $2 }'); do
    API_CALL ec2 delete-snapshot --snapshot-id $cleanup
    LOGGING "Deleted $cleanup";
    MINIPROGRESS
  done
  API_CALL ec2 detach-volume --volume-id $srcvolume
  check_subresponse="false"
  while [[ $check_subresponse != "true" ]]; do
    API_CALL ec2 describe-volumes --volume-ids $srcvolume
    if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Volumes[].State') != "available" ]]; then
      PROGRESS
    else
      check_subresponse="true"
      LOGGING "Detached $srcvolume:\n$api_call_check";
    fi
  done
  API_CALL ec2 detach-volume --volume-id $dstvolume
  check_subresponse="false"
  while [[ $check_subresponse != "true" ]]; do
    API_CALL ec2 describe-volumes --volume-ids $dstvolume
    if [[ $(echo $api_call_check | jq -r '.Volumes[].State') != "available" ]]; then
      PROGRESS
    else
      check_subresponse="true"
      LOGGING "Detached $dstvolume:\n$api_call_check";
    fi
  done
  API_CALL ec2 delete-volume --volume-id $srcvolume
  API_CALL ec2 delete-volume --volume-id $dstvolume
  LOGGING "Detached $srcvolume & $dstvolume\n";
  LOGGING "Deleting temporary files:";
  for delete in $srcinstancejson $sourcevolumes $sourcesnapshots $srcvolumejson $srcimagejson $finalsnap $mapping; do
    (rm -vf $delete) | tee -a $logfile > /dev/null 2>&1
  done;
  echo -e "${GREEN}[OK]${NORMAL}\n";
 }

 echo -e "Cleaning up all temporary resources:\n";
 if [[ $@ =~ "--cleanup" ]]; then
  CLEANUP
 else
  echo -e "Continue with clean up of temprary resources? It's suggested to test ${GREEN}$ami${NORMAL} first,\nbefore removing temporary resource. (y/n)";
  check_response="false"
  while [[ $check_response == "false" ]]; do
    read -p "> ";
    if [[ $REPLY =~ ^([yY][eE][sS]|[yY])$ ]]; then
      check_response="true";
      CLEANUP
    elif [[ $REPLY =~ ^([nN][oO]|[nN])$ ]]; then
      check_response="true";
      echo -e "\nManually remove the following resource once you have successfully tested ${GREEN}$ami${NORMAL}:";
      echo -e "  1. Deregister temporary AMI of source instance: ${RED}$tempami${NORMAL}";
      echo -e "  2. Delete the following snapshots used by ${RED}$tempami${NORMAL}:";
      for cleanup in $(cat $sourcesnapshots | awk -F "*" '{ print $2 }'); do
        echo -e "     ${RED}$cleanup${NORMAL}";
      done
      echo -e "  3. Unmount ${RED}$dstvolume${NORMAL} from mount point /mnt";
      echo -e "  4. Detach and delete temporary volumes used during the conversion process:";
      echo -e "     ${RED}$srcvolume${NORMAL}";
      echo -e "     ${RED}$dstvolume${NORMAL}";
      echo -e "  5. Delete the following temporary files:";
      for delete in $srcinstancejson $sourcevolumes $sourcesnapshots $srcvolumejson $srcimagejson $finalsnap $mapping; do
        echo -e "     ${RED}$delete${NORMAL}";
      done;
      LOGGING "Manual cleanup selected. Ensure the removal of the following resource:";
      LOGGING "Temporary AMI: $tempami";
      LOGGING "Snapshots: $(cat $sourcesnapshots | awk -F "*" '{ print $2 }')";
      LOGGING "Volumes: $srcvolume, $dstvolume";
      LOGGING "Delete the following files manually:\n$srcinstancejson\n$sourcevolumes\n$sourcesnapshots\n$srcvolumejson\n$srcimagejson\n$finalsnap\n$mapping\nDone";
    else
      echo -e "yes or no?"
    fi
  done;
 fi

 BANNER
 echo -e "PV to HVM conversion script completed successfully.\nNew HVM AMI created from instance $sourceinstance:\n  ${RED}$ami${NORMAL}\n\nLog file located at:${RED}$logfile${NORMAL}.\n";