Ubuntu on Mac Silicon for dummies: a guide to Multipass for 42 Linux campuses

00_multipass_for_dummies.txt

# Install Homebrew (https://brew.sh/)
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

# Install multipass via homebrew
brew install --cask multipass

# Create a Multipass VM instance
# 'jammy' is Ubuntu 22.04LTS. 
# Please note that the alias cannot start with a number so '42berlin' is not valid
# Default username is ubuntu: you can use your Linux skills to create a different one later on if you want
multipass launch jammy <alias> 

# Find and copy to clipboard instance's IPv4
multipass info <alias>

# In the ssh config file of the host add the instance
<<EOF cat >> ~/.ssh/config
Host <alias_name>
  HostName <IP> # from multipass list or multipass info <alias>
  User <username> # (default ‘ubuntu’)
EOF

# Append your Host public key to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
## On the host (Mac)
cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
# Select and copy the content
## On the VM (Ubuntu)
<<EOF cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
<paste_public_key>
EOF

# To get your new Ubuntu VM up to speed
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install build-essential
sudo apt install valgrind
sudo apt install python3-pip
pip install norminette==3.3.53

# To make a folder accessible in the VM
multipass mount /path/on/the/host/ <instance_name>:/mount/point 

# For example if I wanted to mount the folder ~/Desktop/projects in the campus42 instance and find it in my home under the folder vm-projects the command would be 
multipass mount ~/Desktop/projects campus42:~/vm-projects

## On VSCode on the host (Mac)
# Install SSH Remote extension
https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-ssh

# In the bottom left corner of your VSCode GUI there's a Open Remote Window button
Click the button
Connect to Host...
From the dropdown pick the name you previously added to your .ssh/config file
VSCode will download VSCode-server to the VM (about 45M)

# Seat back and enjoy!

01_multipass_cheat_sheet

# Super basic multipass cheat sheet
multipass launch <ubuntu_img> -n <instance_name> # where ver 22.04LTS is jammy. It creates a new default instance with given name
multipass list # shows a list of the created instances
multipass info <instance_name> # gives detailed information on the selected instance
multipass start <instance_name> # it starts the selected instance
multipass stop <instance_name> # it stops the selected instance
multipass shell <instance_name> # it starts a shell session on the selected instance
multipass delete <instance_name> # marks as deleted
multipass recover <instance_name> # marks a deleted instance as stopped
multipass purge # erases deleted instances

02_mfd_42_setup.txt

# 42 related useful stuff
sudo apt install python3-pip
pip install norminette==3.3.53
https://github.com/ttshivhula/minilibx/issues/2
sudo apt install llibxext-dev
sudo apt install libbsd-dev

## VSCode Extensions
https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=kube.42header
https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=MariusvanWijk-JoppeKoers.codam-norminette-3

# Oh-my-zsh
sudo apt install zsh
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
## Plugins
### To add a plugin:
  clone it in ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/ 
  in the file ~/.zshrc edit the plugin section adding your new plugin (space separated)
  I recommend at least zsh-autosuggestions and zsh-syntax-highlighting
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
vim ~/.zshrc
plugins=( 
    # other plugins...
    zsh-autosuggestions
    zsh-syntax-highlighting
)

03_multipass_backup_restore

# To backup and restore your VM
> multipass stop --all
> sudo launchctl unload /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.canonical.multipassd.plist

You have to install gnutar as the tar that comes with MacOS is the BSD tar and it seems to have some sort of issue with links.
I am using the multipass version in the backup name for my own purposes:

> sudo su
> gtar -cvpzf /yourbackuplocation/YOUR-HOST-NAME-Multipass-1.12.0+mac-backup.tar.gz /var/root/Library/Application\ Support/multipassd/qemu/vault

To Restore:

> multipass stop --all
> sudo launchctl unload /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.canonical.multipassd.plist
> sudo gtar -xvpzf /yourbackuplocation/YOUR-HOST-NAME-Multipass-1.12.0+mac-backup.tar.gz -C / --numeric-owner