prompts-continuations-deepdive.ts

// Deep Dive: Prompts as Delimited Continuations in TypeScript

// =============================================================================
// 1. PROMPTS AS INITIAL CONTINUATIONS
// =============================================================================

/**
 * Prompts as Initial Continuations treats the prompt itself as the starting
 * continuation that establishes the computational context. The prompt becomes
 * a first-class continuation that can be captured, modified, and resumed.
 */

// Core types for prompt continuations
type PromptContinuation<T> = {
  id: string;
  content: string;
  parameters: Map<string, any>;
  resume: (value: T) => Promise<any>;
  abort: (reason: string) => void;
};

type PromptFrame = {
  prompt: string;
  bindings: Map<string, any>;
  parent?: PromptFrame;
};

class PromptAsInitialContinuation {
  private prompts: Map<string, PromptContinuation<any>> = new Map();
  private executionStack: PromptFrame[] = [];
  
  /**
   * Create a prompt as an initial continuation that sets up the computation context
   */
  async createPromptContinuation<T>(
    prompt: string,
    parameters: Record<string, any> = {}
  ): Promise<PromptContinuation<T>> {
    const promptId = `prompt-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
    
    // Parse prompt to extract continuation points
    const continuationPoints = this.extractContinuationPoints(prompt);
    
    // Create the initial continuation
    const continuation = await new Promise<PromptContinuation<T>>((resolve) => {
      const promptCont: PromptContinuation<T> = {
        id: promptId,
        content: prompt,
        parameters: new Map(Object.entries(parameters)),
        resume: async (value: T) => {
          // Push prompt frame onto execution stack
          this.executionStack.push({
            prompt: prompt,
            bindings: new Map([...promptCont.parameters, ['__result__', value]]),
            parent: this.executionStack[this.executionStack.length - 1]
          });
          
          // Execute prompt with continuation semantics
          return await this.executePromptContinuation(promptCont, value);
        },
        abort: (reason: string) => {
          console.log(`Prompt continuation ${promptId} aborted: ${reason}`);
          this.prompts.delete(promptId);
        }
      };
      
      this.prompts.set(promptId, promptCont);
      resolve(promptCont);
    });
    
    return continuation;
  }
  
  /**
   * Execute a prompt continuation with proper delimited continuation semantics
   */
  private async executePromptContinuation<T>(
    continuation: PromptContinuation<T>,
    input: T
  ): Promise<any> {
    // Create execution context
    const context = {
      input,
      parameters: continuation.parameters,
      stack: [...this.executionStack],
      
      // Shift operation - capture current continuation
      shift: async <R>(fn: (k: (value: R) => Promise<any>) => Promise<any>) => {
        const currentFrame = this.executionStack[this.executionStack.length - 1];
        const capturedContinuation = (value: R) => {
          // Restore stack frame and continue
          this.executionStack.push(currentFrame);
          return this.continueExecution(value);
        };
        
        return await fn(capturedContinuation);
      },
      
      // Reset operation - delimit continuation boundary
      reset: async <R>(computation: () => Promise<R>) => {
        const savedStack = [...this.executionStack];
        try {
          return await computation();
        } finally {
          this.executionStack = savedStack;
        }
      }
    };
    
    // Process prompt template with continuation semantics
    const processedPrompt = await this.processPromptTemplate(
      continuation.content,
      context
    );
    
    // Execute the processed prompt
    return await this.executeProcessedPrompt(processedPrompt, context);
  }
  
  /**
   * Extract continuation points from prompt template
   */
  private extractContinuationPoints(prompt: string): string[] {
    const continuationPattern = /\{\{#continuation\s+(\w+)\}\}(.*?)\{\{\/continuation\}\}/gs;
    const points: string[] = [];
    
    let match;
    while ((match = continuationPattern.exec(prompt)) !== null) {
      points.push(match[1]);
    }
    
    return points;
  }
  
  /**
   * Process prompt template with continuation context
   */
  private async processPromptTemplate(
    template: string,
    context: any
  ): Promise<string> {
    // Replace continuation points
    let processed = template;
    
    // Handle continuation blocks
    processed = processed.replace(
      /\{\{#continuation\s+(\w+)\}\}(.*?)\{\{\/continuation\}\}/gs,
      (match, name, content) => {
        // Save continuation point for potential capture
        context[`continuation_${name}`] = async () => {
          return await context.reset(async () => {
            return await this.processPromptTemplate(content, context);
          });
        };
        return `[Continuation point: ${name}]`;
      }
    );
    
    // Handle parameter substitution
    for (const [key, value] of context.parameters) {
      processed = processed.replace(
        new RegExp(`\\{\\{${key}\\}\\}`, 'g'),
        String(value)
      );
    }
    
    // Handle shift/reset operations
    processed = processed.replace(
      /\{\{#shift\}\}(.*?)\{\{\/shift\}\}/gs,
      async (match, content) => {
        return await context.shift(async (k: any) => {
          const result = await this.processPromptTemplate(content, context);
          return k(result);
        });
      }
    );
    
    return processed;
  }
  
  /**
   * Continue execution from a captured point
   */
  private async continueExecution<T>(value: T): Promise<any> {
    const currentFrame = this.executionStack[this.executionStack.length - 1];
    if (!currentFrame) {
      throw new Error("No execution frame to continue");
    }
    
    // Update bindings with continuation value
    currentFrame.bindings.set('__continuation_value__', value);
    
    // Re-process the prompt with updated context
    const context = {
      input: value,
      parameters: currentFrame.bindings,
      stack: this.executionStack
    };
    
    return await this.processPromptTemplate(currentFrame.prompt, context);
  }
  
  /**
   * Execute the final processed prompt
   */
  private async executeProcessedPrompt(prompt: string, context: any): Promise<any> {
    // Simulate LLM execution with continuation awareness
    console.log("Executing prompt:", prompt);
    console.log("With context:", {
      parameters: Array.from(context.parameters.entries()),
      stackDepth: context.stack.length
    });
    
    // Return simulated response
    return {
      response: `Processed: ${prompt}`,
      continuations: Object.keys(context)
        .filter(k => k.startsWith('continuation_'))
        .map(k => k.replace('continuation_', ''))
    };
  }
  
  /**
   * Compose multiple prompts as continuations
   */
  async composePrompts(
    prompts: Array<{template: string, parameters: Record<string, any>}>
  ): Promise<any> {
    let result: any = null;
    
    // Create continuation chain
    for (let i = prompts.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      const prompt = prompts[i];
      const continuation = await this.createPromptContinuation(
        prompt.template,
        prompt.parameters
      );
      
      if (i === prompts.length - 1) {
        // Last prompt - base case
        result = continuation;
      } else {
        // Compose with previous continuation
        const previousResult = result;
        result = {
          ...continuation,
          resume: async (value: any) => {
            const intermediateResult = await continuation.resume(value);
            return await previousResult.resume(intermediateResult);
          }
        };
      }
    }
    
    return result;
  }
}

// Example usage of Prompts as Initial Continuations
async function demonstratePromptsAsInitialContinuations() {
  const system = new PromptAsInitialContinuation();
  
  // Create a prompt with continuation points
  const analysisPrompt = await system.createPromptContinuation<string>(`
    Analyze the following text: {{input}}
    
    {{#continuation summary}}
    First, provide a brief summary of the main points.
    {{/continuation}}
    
    {{#continuation details}}
    Then, dive into detailed analysis considering:
    - Context: {{context}}
    - Perspective: {{perspective}}
    {{/continuation}}
    
    {{#shift}}
    If ambiguity is detected, pause and request clarification.
    {{/shift}}
  `, {
    context: "technical analysis",
    perspective: "engineering"
  });
  
  // Execute the prompt continuation
  const result = await analysisPrompt.resume(
    "Delimited continuations provide powerful control flow mechanisms..."
  );
  
  console.log("Analysis result:", result);
  
  // Compose multiple prompts
  const composedContinuation = await system.composePrompts([
    {
      template: "Extract key concepts from: {{input}}",
      parameters: {}
    },
    {
      template: "Organize concepts into categories: {{__result__}}",
      parameters: {}
    },
    {
      template: "Generate summary based on categories: {{__result__}}",
      parameters: {}
    }
  ]);
  
  const composedResult = await composedContinuation.resume(
    "Complex text about AI architectures..."
  );
  
  console.log("Composed result:", composedResult);
}

// =============================================================================
// 2. DYNAMIC PROMPT WEAVING
// =============================================================================

/**
 * Dynamic Prompt Weaving allows prompts to be dynamically composed and
 * modified during execution based on runtime conditions and captured
 * continuations.
 */

interface WeavingContext {
  threads: Map<string, PromptThread>;
  activeThread: string | null;
  suspendedThreads: Set<string>;
  sharedState: Map<string, any>;
}

interface PromptThread {
  id: string;
  prompt: string;
  priority: number;
  dependencies: Set<string>;
  continuation?: (value: any) => Promise<any>;
  state: 'ready' | 'running' | 'suspended' | 'completed';
}

class DynamicPromptWeaver {
  private context: WeavingContext = {
    threads: new Map(),
    activeThread: null,
    suspendedThreads: new Set(),
    sharedState: new Map()
  };
  
  /**
   * Create a new prompt thread that can be woven with others
   */
  createThread(
    prompt: string,
    options: {
      priority?: number;
      dependencies?: string[];
      parameters?: Record<string, any>;
    } = {}
  ): PromptThread {
    const threadId = `thread-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
    
    const thread: PromptThread = {
      id: threadId,
      prompt: prompt,
      priority: options.priority || 0,
      dependencies: new Set(options.dependencies || []),
      state: 'ready'
    };
    
    // Initialize thread parameters in shared state
    if (options.parameters) {
      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(options.parameters)) {
        this.context.sharedState.set(`${threadId}.${key}`, value);
      }
    }
    
    this.context.threads.set(threadId, thread);
    return thread;
  }
  
  /**
   * Weave multiple prompt threads together dynamically
   */
  async weaveThreads(
    threads: PromptThread[],
    weavingStrategy: 'parallel' | 'sequential' | 'priority' | 'adaptive' = 'adaptive'
  ): Promise<Map<string, any>> {
    const results = new Map<string, any>();
    
    switch (weavingStrategy) {
      case 'parallel':
        return await this.weaveParallel(threads);
      
      case 'sequential':
        return await this.weaveSequential(threads);
      
      case 'priority':
        return await this.weavePriority(threads);
      
      case 'adaptive':
        return await this.weaveAdaptive(threads);
      
      default:
        throw new Error(`Unknown weaving strategy: ${weavingStrategy}`);
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Adaptive weaving - dynamically adjusts based on runtime conditions
   */
  private async weaveAdaptive(threads: PromptThread[]): Promise<Map<string, any>> {
    const results = new Map<string, any>();
    const readyQueue: PromptThread[] = [...threads];
    const runningThreads = new Set<string>();
    
    while (readyQueue.length > 0 || runningThreads.size > 0) {
      // Check for threads ready to run
      const executableThreads = readyQueue.filter(thread => 
        this.canExecuteThread(thread, results)
      );
      
      if (executableThreads.length === 0 && runningThreads.size === 0) {
        throw new Error("Deadlock detected - circular dependencies");
      }
      
      // Execute threads with dynamic interleaving
      for (const thread of executableThreads) {
        // Remove from ready queue
        const index = readyQueue.indexOf(thread);
        readyQueue.splice(index, 1);
        
        // Start thread execution with continuation capture
        runningThreads.add(thread.id);
        thread.state = 'running';
        
        // Execute with continuation semantics
        this.executeThreadWithContinuation(thread).then(result => {
          results.set(thread.id, result);
          runningThreads.delete(thread.id);
          thread.state = 'completed';
          
          // Wake up dependent threads
          this.wakeupDependentThreads(thread.id);
        }).catch(error => {
          // Handle thread failure
          console.error(`Thread ${thread.id} failed:`, error);
          runningThreads.delete(thread.id);
          thread.state = 'suspended';
          this.context.suspendedThreads.add(thread.id);
        });
        
        // Check for dynamic conditions that might affect weaving
        if (await this.shouldAdjustWeaving(thread, executableThreads)) {
          await this.adjustWeavingStrategy(thread, readyQueue);
        }
      }
      
      // Allow some execution before next iteration
      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 10));
    }
    
    return results;
  }
  
  /**
   * Execute a thread with continuation capture for dynamic weaving
   */
  private async executeThreadWithContinuation(thread: PromptThread): Promise<any> {
    const self = this;
    
    // Create execution context with weaving operations
    const weavingContext = {
      threadId: thread.id,
      
      // Suspend current thread and switch to another
      suspend: async function<T>(reason?: string): Promise<T> {
        return new Promise((resolve) => {
          thread.continuation = resolve;
          thread.state = 'suspended';
          self.context.suspendedThreads.add(thread.id);
          console.log(`Thread ${thread.id} suspended: ${reason || 'unknown'}`);
        });
      },
      
      // Yield control to scheduler
      yield: async function(): Promise<void> {
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
      },
      
      // Fork a new thread dynamically
      fork: function(prompt: string, parameters?: Record<string, any>): PromptThread {
        const forkedThread = self.createThread(prompt, {
          priority: thread.priority - 1,
          parameters
        });
        
        // Add to execution queue
        self.scheduleThread(forkedThread);
        return forkedThread;
      },
      
      // Join with another thread
      join: async function(threadId: string): Promise<any> {
        const targetThread = self.context.threads.get(threadId);
        if (!targetThread) {
          throw new Error(`Thread ${threadId} not found`);
        }
        
        // Wait for thread completion
        while (targetThread.state !== 'completed') {
          await weavingContext.yield();
        }
        
        return self.getThreadResult(threadId);
      },
      
      // Access shared state
      get: function(key: string): any {
        return self.context.sharedState.get(key);
      },
      
      set: function(key: string, value: any): void {
        self.context.sharedState.set(key, value);
      },
      
      // Dynamically modify prompt based on context
      weave: function(modification: string): string {
        const currentPrompt = thread.prompt;
        const weavingPoint = currentPrompt.indexOf('{{weave}}');
        
        if (weavingPoint !== -1) {
          return currentPrompt.substring(0, weavingPoint) + 
                 modification + 
                 currentPrompt.substring(weavingPoint + 9);
        }
        
        return currentPrompt + '\n' + modification;
      }
    };
    
    // Process prompt with weaving context
    const processedPrompt = await this.processPromptWithWeaving(
      thread.prompt,
      weavingContext
    );
    
    // Execute the woven prompt
    return await this.executeWovenPrompt(processedPrompt, weavingContext);
  }
  
  /**
   * Process prompt with dynamic weaving operations
   */
  private async processPromptWithWeaving(
    prompt: string,
    context: any
  ): Promise<string> {
    let processed = prompt;
    
    // Handle dynamic weaving points
    processed = processed.replace(
      /\{\{weave:(\w+)\}\}/g,
      (match, weavingType) => {
        switch (weavingType) {
          case 'context':
            // Weave in current context
            return `[Current context: Thread ${context.threadId}]`;
          
          case 'dependencies':
            // Weave in dependency information
            const thread = this.context.threads.get(context.threadId)!;
            return `[Dependencies: ${Array.from(thread.dependencies).join(', ')}]`;
          
          case 'state':
            // Weave in shared state
            const relevantState = Array.from(this.context.sharedState.entries())
              .filter(([k, v]) => k.startsWith(context.threadId))
              .map(([k, v]) => `${k}=${v}`)
              .join(', ');
            return `[State: ${relevantState}]`;
          
          default:
            return match;
        }
      }
    );
    
    // Handle conditional weaving
    processed = await this.processConditionalWeaving(processed, context);
    
    return processed;
  }
  
  /**
   * Process conditional weaving based on runtime conditions
   */
  private async processConditionalWeaving(
    prompt: string,
    context: any
  ): Promise<string> {
    const conditionalPattern = /\{\{#if\s+(\w+)\}\}(.*?)\{\{else\}\}(.*?)\{\{\/if\}\}/gs;
    
    let processed = prompt;
    let match;
    
    while ((match = conditionalPattern.exec(prompt)) !== null) {
      const [fullMatch, condition, ifContent, elseContent] = match;
      
      // Evaluate condition based on context
      const conditionMet = await this.evaluateWeavingCondition(condition, context);
      
      processed = processed.replace(
        fullMatch,
        conditionMet ? ifContent : elseContent
      );
    }
    
    return processed;
  }
  
  /**
   * Helper methods for dynamic weaving
   */
  
  private canExecuteThread(thread: PromptThread, completedResults: Map<string, any>): boolean {
    // Check if all dependencies are satisfied
    for (const dep of thread.dependencies) {
      if (!completedResults.has(dep)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return thread.state === 'ready';
  }
  
  private wakeupDependentThreads(completedThreadId: string): void {
    for (const [id, thread] of this.context.threads) {
      if (thread.dependencies.has(completedThreadId) && 
          thread.state === 'suspended' &&
          thread.continuation) {
        // Resume suspended thread
        thread.state = 'running';
        this.context.suspendedThreads.delete(id);
        thread.continuation(this.getThreadResult(completedThreadId));
      }
    }
  }
  
  private async shouldAdjustWeaving(
    currentThread: PromptThread,
    remainingThreads: PromptThread[]
  ): Promise<boolean> {
    // Check for conditions that might require weaving adjustment
    const highPriorityWaiting = remainingThreads.some(t => t.priority > currentThread.priority);
    const resourceContention = this.context.sharedState.get('resource_contention') === true;
    
    return highPriorityWaiting || resourceContention;
  }
  
  private async adjustWeavingStrategy(
    currentThread: PromptThread,
    readyQueue: PromptThread[]
  ): Promise<void> {
    // Dynamically adjust thread priorities or ordering
    console.log(`Adjusting weaving strategy for thread ${currentThread.id}`);
    
    // Re-sort ready queue by priority
    readyQueue.sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority);
  }
  
  private scheduleThread(thread: PromptThread): void {
    // Add thread to execution context
    console.log(`Scheduling thread ${thread.id}`);
  }
  
  private getThreadResult(threadId: string): any {
    // Retrieve thread execution result
    return this.context.sharedState.get(`${threadId}.result`);
  }
  
  private async evaluateWeavingCondition(condition: string, context: any): Promise<boolean> {
    // Evaluate weaving conditions
    switch (condition) {
      case 'hasContext':
        return context.get('context') !== undefined;
      case 'needsClarification':
        return context.get('ambiguity_score') > 0.7;
      default:
        return false;
    }
  }
  
  private async executeWovenPrompt(prompt: string, context: any): Promise<any> {
    // Simulate execution of woven prompt
    console.log(`Executing woven prompt for thread ${context.threadId}:`, prompt);
    
    // Store result
    const result = {
      threadId: context.threadId,
      prompt: prompt,
      weavingOperations: ['suspend', 'fork', 'join'].filter(op => 
        prompt.includes(op)
      )
    };
    
    context.set(`${context.threadId}.result`, result);
    return result;
  }
  
  // Additional weaving strategies
  
  private async weaveParallel(threads: PromptThread[]): Promise<Map<string, any>> {
    const results = await Promise.all(
      threads.map(thread => this.executeThreadWithContinuation(thread))
    );
    
    const resultMap = new Map<string, any>();
    threads.forEach((thread, index) => {
      resultMap.set(thread.id, results[index]);
    });
    
    return resultMap;
  }
  
  private async weaveSequential(threads: PromptThread[]): Promise<Map<string, any>> {
    const results = new Map<string, any>();
    
    for (const thread of threads) {
      const result = await this.executeThreadWithContinuation(thread);
      results.set(thread.id, result);
    }
    
    return results;
  }
  
  private async weavePriority(threads: PromptThread[]): Promise<Map<string, any>> {
    // Sort by priority
    const sorted = [...threads].sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority);
    return await this.weaveSequential(sorted);
  }
}

// Example usage of Dynamic Prompt Weaving
async function demonstrateDynamicPromptWeaving() {
  const weaver = new DynamicPromptWeaver();
  
  // Create interdependent prompt threads
  const analysisThread = weaver.createThread(
    `Analyze the input data and identify key patterns.
    {{weave:context}}
    {{#if needsClarification}}
      Request clarification on ambiguous points.
    {{else}}
      Proceed with pattern extraction.
    {{/if}}`,
    {
      priority: 10,
      parameters: { focus: 'patterns' }
    }
  );
  
  const synthesisThread = weaver.createThread(
    `Synthesize findings from analysis.
    {{weave:dependencies}}
    {{weave:state}}
    
    Create comprehensive summary based on:
    {{weave}}`, // Dynamic weaving point
    {
      priority: 5,
      dependencies: [analysisThread.id],
      parameters: { format: 'structured' }
    }
  );
  
  const validationThread = weaver.createThread(
    `Validate the synthesized results.
    Check for consistency and completeness.
    {{weave:context}}`,
    {
      priority: 8,
      dependencies: [synthesisThread.id]
    }
  );
  
  // Weave threads together adaptively
  const results = await weaver.weaveThreads(
    [analysisThread, synthesisThread, validationThread],
    'adaptive'
  );
  
  console.log("Weaving results:", results);
}

// =============================================================================
// 3. PROMPT HANDLERS AS CONTINUATION MARKS
// =============================================================================

/**
 * Prompt Handlers as Continuation Marks uses the continuation mark mechanism
 * to attach handlers to prompts that can modify behavior throughout the
 * execution stack.
 */

// Types for prompt handlers and marks
interface PromptMark {
  key: symbol;
  value: any;
  handler?: PromptHandler;
  scope: 'local' | 'global' | 'inherited';
}

interface PromptHandler {
  name: string;
  priority: number;
  condition?: (context: any) => boolean;
  transform?: (prompt: string, context: any) => string;
  intercept?: (result: any, context: any) => any;
  propagate?: boolean;
}

interface HandlerContext {
  marks: PromptMark[];
  activeHandlers: Map<string, PromptHandler>;
  handlerStack: PromptHandler[][];
  interceptors: Array<(result: any) => any>;
}

class PromptHandlersAsContinuationMarks {
  private handlerContext: HandlerContext = {
    marks: [],
    activeHandlers: new Map(),
    handlerStack: [],
    interceptors: []
  };
  
  // Well-known mark keys
  private readonly MARKS = {
    SAFETY: Symbol('safety-handler'),
    CONTEXT: Symbol('context-handler'),
    STYLE: Symbol('style-handler'),
    VALIDATION: Symbol('validation-handler'),
    LOGGING: Symbol('logging-handler'),
    TRANSFORMATION: Symbol('transformation-handler')
  };
  
  /**
   * Register a prompt handler that acts as a continuation mark
   */
  registerHandler(
    key: symbol,
    handler: PromptHandler,
    scope: 'local' | 'global' | 'inherited' = 'inherited'
  ): void {
    const mark: PromptMark = {
      key,
      value: handler.name,
      handler,
      scope
    };
    
    this.handlerContext.marks.push(mark);
    this.handlerContext.activeHandlers.set(handler.name, handler);
  }
  
  /**
   * Execute prompt with handler marks
   */
  async executeWithHandlers<T>(
    prompt: string,
    computation: (markedPrompt: string) => Promise<T>,
    handlers?: Array<{key: symbol, handler: PromptHandler}>
  ): Promise<T> {
    // Push new handler frame
    const handlersFrame: PromptHandler[] = [];
    
    if (handlers) {
      for (const {key, handler} of handlers) {
        this.registerHandler(key, handler, 'local');
        handlersFrame.push(handler);
      }
    }
    
    this.handlerContext.handlerStack.push(handlersFrame);
    
    try {
      // Apply all active handlers to the prompt
      const markedPrompt = await this.applyHandlerMarks(prompt);
      
      // Execute computation with marked prompt
      const result = await computation(markedPrompt);
      
      // Apply interceptors in reverse order (LIFO)
      return this.applyInterceptors(result);
      
    } finally {
      // Pop handler frame
      this.handlerContext.handlerStack.pop();
      
      // Remove local handlers
      if (handlers) {
        for (const {handler} of handlers) {
          this.handlerContext.activeHandlers.delete(handler.name);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Apply all active handler marks to a prompt
   */
  private async applyHandlerMarks(prompt: string): Promise<string> {
    let markedPrompt = prompt;
    
    // Get all applicable handlers sorted by priority
    const applicableHandlers = this.getApplicableHandlers();
    
    // Apply each handler's transformation
    for (const handler of applicableHandlers) {
      if (handler.transform) {
        const context = this.createHandlerContext(handler);
        
        if (!handler.condition || handler.condition(context)) {
          markedPrompt = handler.transform(markedPrompt, context);
          
          // Add handler annotation
          markedPrompt = this.annotateWithHandler(markedPrompt, handler);
        }
      }
      
      // Register interceptor if provided
      if (handler.intercept) {
        this.handlerContext.interceptors.push(
          (result) => handler.intercept!(result, this.createHandlerContext(handler))
        );
      }
    }
    
    return markedPrompt;
  }
  
  /**
   * Get all applicable handlers considering scope and stack
   */
  private getApplicableHandlers(): PromptHandler[] {
    const handlers: PromptHandler[] = [];
    const seen = new Set<string>();
    
    // Add handlers from current frame (local scope)
    const currentFrame = this.handlerContext.handlerStack[
      this.handlerContext.handlerStack.length - 1
    ];
    
    if (currentFrame) {
      for (const handler of currentFrame) {
        if (!seen.has(handler.name)) {
          handlers.push(handler);
          seen.add(handler.name);
        }
      }
    }
    
    // Add inherited handlers from previous frames
    for (let i = this.handlerContext.handlerStack.length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
      const frame = this.handlerContext.handlerStack[i];
      for (const handler of frame) {
        if (!seen.has(handler.name) && handler.propagate !== false) {
          handlers.push(handler);
          seen.add(handler.name);
        }
      }
    }
    
    // Add global handlers
    for (const mark of this.handlerContext.marks) {
      if (mark.scope === 'global' && mark.handler && !seen.has(mark.handler.name)) {
        handlers.push(mark.handler);
        seen.add(mark.handler.name);
      }
    }
    
    // Sort by priority (higher first)
    return handlers.sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority);
  }
  
  /**
   * Create context for handler execution
   */
  private createHandlerContext(handler: PromptHandler): any {
    return {
      handlerName: handler.name,
      stackDepth: this.handlerContext.handlerStack.length,
      activeHandlers: Array.from(this.handlerContext.activeHandlers.keys()),
      
      // Access to marks
      getMark: (key: symbol) => {
        const mark = this.handlerContext.marks.find(m => m.key === key);
        return mark?.value;
      },
      
      setMark: (key: symbol, value: any) => {
        const existingIndex = this.handlerContext.marks.findIndex(m => m.key === key);
        if (existingIndex !== -1) {
          this.handlerContext.marks[existingIndex].value = value;
        } else {
          this.handlerContext.marks.push({ key, value, scope: 'local' });
        }
      },
      
      // Handler chaining
      chain: (nextHandler: PromptHandler) => {
        this.handlerContext.handlerStack[
          this.handlerContext.handlerStack.length - 1
        ].push(nextHandler);
      }
    };
  }
  
  /**
   * Annotate prompt with handler information
   */
  private annotateWithHandler(prompt: string, handler: PromptHandler): string {
    // Add invisible handler marks for tracing
    return `<!-- [Handler: ${handler.name}] -->\n${prompt}`;
  }
  
  /**
   * Apply interceptors to result
   */
  private applyInterceptors<T>(result: T): T {
    let interceptedResult = result;
    
    // Apply in reverse order (LIFO)
    for (let i = this.handlerContext.interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      interceptedResult = this.handlerContext.interceptors[i](interceptedResult);
    }
    
    // Clear interceptors after application
    this.handlerContext.interceptors = [];
    
    return interceptedResult;
  }
  
  /**
   * Create standard handlers for common use cases
   */
  createStandardHandlers() {
    // Safety handler
    const safetyHandler: PromptHandler = {
      name: 'safety-filter',
      priority: 100,
      transform: (prompt, context) => {
        // Add safety instructions
        return `[SAFETY] Ensure all responses are safe and appropriate.\n${prompt}`;
      },
      intercept: (result, context) => {
        // Filter unsafe content from results
        if (typeof result === 'string' && result.includes('unsafe')) {
          return '[Content filtered for safety]';
        }
        return result;
      }
    };
    
    // Context enhancement handler
    const contextHandler: PromptHandler = {
      name: 'context-enhancer',
      priority: 80,
      condition: (context) => context.getMark(this.MARKS.CONTEXT) !== null,
      transform: (prompt, context) => {
        const contextData = context.getMark(this.MARKS.CONTEXT);
        return `Given context: ${JSON.stringify(contextData)}\n\n${prompt}`;
      }
    };
    
    // Style handler
    const styleHandler: PromptHandler = {
      name: 'style-adjuster',
      priority: 60,
      transform: (prompt, context) => {
        const style = context.getMark(this.MARKS.STYLE) || 'neutral';
        const styleInstructions = {
          'formal': 'Use formal, professional language.',
          'casual': 'Use casual, friendly language.',
          'technical': 'Use precise technical terminology.',
          'simple': 'Use simple, easy-to-understand language.'
        };
        
        const instruction = styleInstructions[style as keyof typeof styleInstructions] || '';
        return instruction ? `${instruction}\n\n${prompt}` : prompt;
      }
    };
    
    // Validation handler
    const validationHandler: PromptHandler = {
      name: 'response-validator',
      priority: 40,
      intercept: (result, context) => {
        const validationRules = context.getMark(this.MARKS.VALIDATION);
        
        if (validationRules && typeof result === 'string') {
          // Apply validation rules
          if (validationRules.maxLength && result.length > validationRules.maxLength) {
            return result.substring(0, validationRules.maxLength) + '...';
          }
          
          if (validationRules.required && !result.trim()) {
            return '[Error: Empty response not allowed]';
          }
        }
        
        return result;
      }
    };
    
    // Logging handler
    const loggingHandler: PromptHandler = {
      name: 'execution-logger',
      priority: 20,
      transform: (prompt, context) => {
        console.log(`[LOG] Executing prompt with handlers: ${context.activeHandlers.join(', ')}`);
        return prompt;
      },
      intercept: (result, context) => {
        console.log(`[LOG] Result type: ${typeof result}, length: ${
          typeof result === 'string' ? result.length : 'N/A'
        }`);
        return result;
      }
    };
    
    return {
      safetyHandler,
      contextHandler,
      styleHandler,
      validationHandler,
      loggingHandler
    };
  }
  
  /**
   * Execute with handler composition
   */
  async executeWithComposedHandlers<T>(
    prompt: string,
    computation: (markedPrompt: string) => Promise<T>,
    handlerComposition: {
      base: Array<{key: symbol, handler: PromptHandler}>,
      conditional?: Array<{
        condition: () => boolean,
        handlers: Array<{key: symbol, handler: PromptHandler}>
      }>,
      dynamic?: (context: any) => Array<{key: symbol, handler: PromptHandler}>
    }
  ): Promise<T> {
    // Start with base handlers
    let handlers = [...handlerComposition.base];
    
    // Add conditional handlers
    if (handlerComposition.conditional) {
      for (const {condition, handlers: conditionalHandlers} of handlerComposition.conditional) {
        if (condition()) {
          handlers.push(...conditionalHandlers);
        }
      }
    }
    
    // Add dynamic handlers
    if (handlerComposition.dynamic) {
      const dynamicContext = this.createHandlerContext({
        name: 'dynamic-context',
        priority: 0
      });
      
      const dynamicHandlers = handlerComposition.dynamic(dynamicContext);
      handlers.push(...dynamicHandlers);
    }
    
    return await this.executeWithHandlers(prompt, computation, handlers);
  }
}

// Example usage of Prompt Handlers as Continuation Marks
async function demonstratePromptHandlersAsMarks() {
  const handlerSystem = new PromptHandlersAsContinuationMarks();
  const handlers = handlerSystem.createStandardHandlers();
  
  // Example 1: Basic handler application
  const result1 = await handlerSystem.executeWithHandlers(
    "Explain quantum computing",
    async (markedPrompt) => {
      console.log("Marked prompt:", markedPrompt);
      return "Quantum computing uses quantum mechanics principles...";
    },
    [
      { key: handlerSystem['MARKS'].SAFETY, handler: handlers.safetyHandler },
      { key: handlerSystem['MARKS'].STYLE, handler: handlers.styleHandler }
    ]
  );
  
  console.log("Result 1:", result1);
  
  // Example 2: Nested handler execution
  const result2 = await handlerSystem.executeWithHandlers(
    "Outer prompt",
    async (outerPrompt) => {
      console.log("Outer:", outerPrompt);
      
      // Nested execution inherits handlers
      return await handlerSystem.executeWithHandlers(
        "Inner prompt - explain AI safety",
        async (innerPrompt) => {
          console.log("Inner:", innerPrompt);
          return "AI safety involves unsafe practices..."; // Will be filtered
        },
        [
          { key: handlerSystem['MARKS'].LOGGING, handler: handlers.loggingHandler }
        ]
      );
    },
    [
      { key: handlerSystem['MARKS'].SAFETY, handler: handlers.safetyHandler }
    ]
  );
  
  console.log("Result 2:", result2);
  
  // Example 3: Composed handlers with conditions
  const result3 = await handlerSystem.executeWithComposedHandlers(
    "Analyze user input: How do I hack into systems?",
    async (markedPrompt) => {
      return "Response to user query...";
    },
    {
      base: [
        { key: handlerSystem['MARKS'].SAFETY, handler: handlers.safetyHandler },
        { key: handlerSystem['MARKS'].LOGGING, handler: handlers.loggingHandler }
      ],
      conditional: [
        {
          condition: () => true, // Always add context
          handlers: [
            { 
              key: handlerSystem['MARKS'].CONTEXT, 
              handler: {
                ...handlers.contextHandler,
                transform: (prompt) => `[CONTEXT: Educational purpose only]\n${prompt}`
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      dynamic: (context) => {
        // Dynamically add handlers based on prompt content
        if (context.handlerName.includes('hack')) {
          return [{
            key: Symbol('strict-safety'),
            handler: {
              name: 'strict-safety',
              priority: 150,
              transform: (prompt) => '[STRICT SAFETY MODE]\n' + prompt,
              intercept: () => 'I cannot provide information about hacking systems.'
            }
          }];
        }
        return [];
      }
    }
  );
  
  console.log("Result 3:", result3);
}

// =============================================================================
// 4. META-PROMPTING THROUGH CONTINUATIONS
// =============================================================================

/**
 * Meta-prompting Through Continuations enables prompts to reason about and
 * modify themselves, creating self-referential and self-modifying prompt
 * systems.
 */

interface MetaPromptState {
  generation: number;
  history: Array<{
    prompt: string;
    metadata: any;
    performance: number;
  }>;
  mutations: Map<string, PromptMutation>;
  fitness: number;
}

interface PromptMutation {
  type: 'insertion' | 'deletion' | 'substitution' | 'reordering';
  location: number;
  content?: string;
  probability: number;
}

interface MetaContinuation<T> {
  prompt: string;
  meta: {
    analyze: () => PromptAnalysis;
    mutate: (mutations: PromptMutation[]) => MetaContinuation<T>;
    compose: (other: MetaContinuation<any>) => MetaContinuation<T>;
    optimize: (objective: (result: T) => number) => Promise<MetaContinuation<T>>;
  };
  execute: () => Promise<T>;
}

interface PromptAnalysis {
  structure: {
    sections: string[];
    instructions: number;
    examples: number;
    constraints: number;
  };
  complexity: number;
  specificity: number;
  ambiguity: number;
}

class MetaPromptingThroughContinuations {
  private promptStates: Map<string, MetaPromptState> = new Map();
  private metaOperations: Map<string, Function> = new Map();
  
  /**
   * Create a meta-prompt continuation that can reason about itself
   */
  createMetaPrompt<T>(
    initialPrompt: string,
    metadata?: any
  ): MetaContinuation<T> {
    const promptId = `meta-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
    
    // Initialize prompt state
    const state: MetaPromptState = {
      generation: 0,
      history: [{
        prompt: initialPrompt,
        metadata: metadata || {},
        performance: 0.5
      }],
      mutations: new Map(),
      fitness: 0.5
    };
    
    this.promptStates.set(promptId, state);
    
    // Create meta-continuation
    const metaContinuation: MetaContinuation<T> = {
      prompt: initialPrompt,
      
      meta: {
        // Analyze prompt structure and properties
        analyze: () => this.analyzePrompt(initialPrompt),
        
        // Apply mutations to create new version
        mutate: (mutations: PromptMutation[]) => {
          const mutatedPrompt = this.applyMutations(initialPrompt, mutations);
          const newState = {
            ...state,
            generation: state.generation + 1,
            history: [...state.history, {
              prompt: mutatedPrompt,
              metadata: { mutations },
              performance: 0.5
            }]
          };
          
          this.promptStates.set(`${promptId}-gen${newState.generation}`, newState);
          
          return this.createMetaPrompt<T>(mutatedPrompt, { parent: promptId });
        },
        
        // Compose with another meta-prompt
        compose: (other: MetaContinuation<any>) => {
          const composedPrompt = this.composePrompts(
            metaContinuation.prompt,
            other.prompt
          );
          
          return this.createMetaPrompt<T>(composedPrompt, {
            parents: [promptId, 'other']
          });
        },
        
        // Optimize prompt based on objective function
        optimize: async (objective: (result: T) => number) => {
          return await this.optimizePrompt(metaContinuation, objective);
        }
      },
      
      // Execute the prompt
      execute: async () => {
        return await this.executeMetaPrompt<T>(metaContinuation);
      }
    };
    
    return metaContinuation;
  }
  
  /**
   * Analyze prompt structure and characteristics
   */
  private analyzePrompt(prompt: string): PromptAnalysis {
    const lines = prompt.split('\n').filter(l => l.trim());
    
    // Identify sections
    const sections: string[] = [];
    let currentSection = '';
    
    for (const line of lines) {
      if (line.match(/^#+\s+/)) {
        if (currentSection) sections.push(currentSection);
        currentSection = line;
      } else {
        currentSection += '\n' + line;
      }
    }
    if (currentSection) sections.push(currentSection);
    
    // Count different elements
    const instructions = (prompt.match(/(?:should|must|will|shall)\s+\w+/gi) || []).length;
    const examples = (prompt.match(/(?:for example|e\.g\.|such as)/gi) || []).length;
    const constraints = (prompt.match(/(?:don't|cannot|must not|avoid)/gi) || []).length;
    
    // Calculate metrics
    const complexity = this.calculateComplexity(prompt);
    const specificity = this.calculateSpecificity(prompt);
    const ambiguity = this.calculateAmbiguity(prompt);
    
    return {
      structure: {
        sections,
        instructions,
        examples,
        constraints
      },
      complexity,
      specificity,
      ambiguity
    };
  }
  
  /**
   * Apply mutations to a prompt
   */
  private applyMutations(prompt: string, mutations: PromptMutation[]): string {
    let mutatedPrompt = prompt;
    
    // Sort mutations by location (reverse order to maintain positions)
    const sortedMutations = [...mutations].sort((a, b) => b.location - a.location);
    
    for (const mutation of sortedMutations) {
      switch (mutation.type) {
        case 'insertion':
          if (mutation.content) {
            mutatedPrompt = 
              mutatedPrompt.slice(0, mutation.location) +
              mutation.content +
              mutatedPrompt.slice(mutation.location);
          }
          break;
          
        case 'deletion':
          const deleteLength = mutation.content?.length || 10;
          mutatedPrompt = 
            mutatedPrompt.slice(0, mutation.location) +
            mutatedPrompt.slice(mutation.location + deleteLength);
          break;
          
        case 'substitution':
          if (mutation.content) {
            const words = mutatedPrompt.split(/\s+/);
            const wordIndex = this.positionToWordIndex(mutatedPrompt, mutation.location);
            if (wordIndex < words.length) {
              words[wordIndex] = mutation.content;
              mutatedPrompt = words.join(' ');
            }
          }
          break;
          
        case 'reordering':
          const sentences = mutatedPrompt.split(/\.\s+/);
          if (sentences.length > 1) {
            // Swap adjacent sentences
            const idx = Math.min(mutation.location % sentences.length, sentences.length - 2);
            [sentences[idx], sentences[idx + 1]] = [sentences[idx + 1], sentences[idx]];
            mutatedPrompt = sentences.join('. ');
          }
          break;
      }
    }
    
    return mutatedPrompt;
  }
  
  /**
   * Compose two prompts into a unified prompt
   */
  private composePrompts(prompt1: string, prompt2: string): string {
    const analysis1 = this.analyzePrompt(prompt1);
    const analysis2 = this.analyzePrompt(prompt2);
    
    // Extract key components from both prompts
    const instructions1 = this.extractInstructions(prompt1);
    const instructions2 = this.extractInstructions(prompt2);
    
    const examples1 = this.extractExamples(prompt1);
    const examples2 = this.extractExamples(prompt2);
    
    const constraints1 = this.extractConstraints(prompt1);
    const constraints2 = this.extractConstraints(prompt2);
    
    // Compose intelligently
    let composed = "# Composed Prompt\n\n";
    
    // Merge instructions, avoiding duplicates
    composed += "## Instructions\n";
    const allInstructions = [...new Set([...instructions1, ...instructions2])];
    allInstructions.forEach(inst => composed += `- ${inst}\n`);
    
    // Merge examples
    if (examples1.length > 0 || examples2.length > 0) {
      composed += "\n## Examples\n";
      [...examples1, ...examples2].forEach(ex => composed += `${ex}\n`);
    }
    
    // Merge constraints
    if (constraints1.length > 0 || constraints2.length > 0) {
      composed += "\n## Constraints\n";
      const allConstraints = [...new Set([...constraints1, ...constraints2])];
      allConstraints.forEach(con => composed += `- ${con}\n`);
    }
    
    return composed;
  }
  
  /**
   * Optimize a prompt using evolutionary strategies
   */
  private async optimizePrompt<T>(
    metaContinuation: MetaContinuation<T>,
    objective: (result: T) => number,
    generations: number = 10,
    populationSize: number = 20
  ): Promise<MetaContinuation<T>> {
    let population: MetaContinuation<T>[] = [metaContinuation];
    
    // Generate initial population through mutations
    for (let i = 1; i < populationSize; i++) {
      const mutations = this.generateRandomMutations(metaContinuation.prompt);
      population.push(metaContinuation.meta.mutate(mutations));
    }
    
    // Evolutionary loop
    for (let gen = 0; gen < generations; gen++) {
      // Evaluate fitness of each prompt
      const fitnessScores = await Promise.all(
        population.map(async (prompt) => {
          const result = await prompt.execute();
          return {
            prompt,
            fitness: objective(result)
          };
        })
      );
      
      // Sort by fitness
      fitnessScores.sort((a, b) => b.fitness - a.fitness);
      
      // Select top performers
      const elite = fitnessScores.slice(0, Math.floor(populationSize / 2));
      
      // Generate new population
      const newPopulation: MetaContinuation<T>[] = elite.map(e => e.prompt);
      
      // Crossover and mutation
      while (newPopulation.length < populationSize) {
        const parent1 = elite[Math.floor(Math.random() * elite.length)].prompt;
        const parent2 = elite[Math.floor(Math.random() * elite.length)].prompt;
        
        // Crossover
        const childPrompt = this.crossoverPrompts(parent1.prompt, parent2.prompt);
        const child = this.createMetaPrompt<T>(childPrompt, {
          generation: gen + 1,
          parents: ['parent1', 'parent2']
        });
        
        // Mutation
        if (Math.random() < 0.3) {
          const mutations = this.generateRandomMutations(child.prompt);
          newPopulation.push(child.meta.mutate(mutations));
        } else {
          newPopulation.push(child);
        }
      }
      
      population = newPopulation;
      
      // Log progress
      console.log(`Generation ${gen + 1}: Best fitness = ${fitnessScores[0].fitness}`);
    }
    
    // Return best prompt
    const finalScores = await Promise.all(
      population.map(async (prompt) => {
        const result = await prompt.execute();
        return {
          prompt,
          fitness: objective(result)
        };
      })
    );
    
    finalScores.sort((a, b) => b.fitness - a.fitness);
    return finalScores[0].prompt;
  }
  
  /**
   * Execute a meta-prompt with self-referential capabilities
   */
  private async executeMetaPrompt<T>(metaContinuation: MetaContinuation<T>): Promise<T> {
    const self = this;
    
    // Create execution context with meta-operations
    const metaContext = {
      // Self-reference
      self: metaContinuation,
      
      // Reflection operations
      reflect: {
        getPrompt: () => metaContinuation.prompt,
        getAnalysis: () => metaContinuation.meta.analyze(),
        getHistory: () => {
          const promptId = this.findPromptId(metaContinuation);
          return this.promptStates.get(promptId)?.history || [];
        }
      },
      
      // Self-modification operations
      modify: {
        insertInstruction: (instruction: string, position?: number) => {
          const mutations: PromptMutation[] = [{
            type: 'insertion',
            location: position || metaContinuation.prompt.length,
            content: `\n${instruction}`,
            probability: 1.0
          }];
          return metaContinuation.meta.mutate(mutations);
        },
        
        removeSection: (sectionName: string) => {
          const sectionStart = metaContinuation.prompt.indexOf(sectionName);
          if (sectionStart === -1) return metaContinuation;
          
          const sectionEnd = metaContinuation.prompt.indexOf('\n#', sectionStart + 1);
          const mutations: PromptMutation[] = [{
            type: 'deletion',
            location: sectionStart,
            content: metaContinuation.prompt.slice(
              sectionStart,
              sectionEnd === -1 ? undefined : sectionEnd
            ),
            probability: 1.0
          }];
          
          return metaContinuation.meta.mutate(mutations);
        },
        
        enhanceWithExamples: (examples: string[]) => {
          const exampleSection = examples.map(ex => `Example: ${ex}`).join('\n');
          const mutations: PromptMutation[] = [{
            type: 'insertion',
            location: metaContinuation.prompt.length,
            content: `\n\n## Examples\n${exampleSection}`,
            probability: 1.0
          }];
          
          return metaContinuation.meta.mutate(mutations);
        }
      },
      
      // Meta-level operations
      meta: {
        // Generate a prompt that generates prompts
        generateMetaPrompt: () => {
          const metaMetaPrompt = `
Generate a prompt that can:
1. Analyze its own structure
2. Identify areas for improvement
3. Create variations of itself
4. Evaluate its own effectiveness

Base structure:
${metaContinuation.prompt}

Meta-requirements:
- Self-referential capabilities
- Adaptation mechanisms
- Performance tracking
          `;
          
          return self.createMetaPrompt(metaMetaPrompt);
        },
        
        // Create prompt variant for different context
        adaptToContext: (context: string) => {
          const adaptedPrompt = `
Context: ${context}

${metaContinuation.prompt}

Additional context-specific instructions:
- Adapt language and examples to ${context}
- Maintain core functionality while adjusting presentation
          `;
          
          return self.createMetaPrompt<T>(adaptedPrompt, {
            parent: self.findPromptId(metaContinuation),
            context
          });
        }
      }
    };
    
    // Process prompt with meta-awareness
    const processedPrompt = await this.processMetaPrompt(
      metaContinuation.prompt,
      metaContext
    );
    
    // Execute with meta-capabilities
    console.log("Executing meta-prompt:", processedPrompt);
    
    // Simulate execution result
    return {
      prompt: processedPrompt,
      metaAnalysis: metaContinuation.meta.analyze(),
      metaCapabilities: Object.keys(metaContext.meta)
    } as any as T;
  }
  
  /**
   * Process prompt with meta-awareness
   */
  private async processMetaPrompt(
    prompt: string,
    metaContext: any
  ): Promise<string> {
    let processed = prompt;
    
    // Handle meta-references
    processed = processed.replace(
      /\{\{meta:(\w+)\}\}/g,
      (match, operation) => {
        switch (operation) {
          case 'self':
            return '[This prompt is self-aware]';
          case 'analysis':
            const analysis = metaContext.reflect.getAnalysis();
            return `[Complexity: ${analysis.complexity.toFixed(2)}]`;
          case 'history':
            const history = metaContext.reflect.getHistory();
            return `[Generation: ${history.length}]`;
          default:
            return match;
        }
      }
    );
    
    // Handle meta-operations
    processed = processed.replace(
      /\{\{#meta-op\s+(\w+)\}\}(.*?)\{\{\/meta-op\}\}/gs,
      (match, op, content) => {
        if (metaContext.meta[op]) {
          return `[Meta-operation ${op} available]`;
        }
        return content;
      }
    );
    
    return processed;
  }
  
  // Helper methods
  
  private calculateComplexity(prompt: string): number {
    const words = prompt.split(/\s+/).length;
    const sentences = prompt.split(/[.!?]+/).length;
    const avgWordsPerSentence = words / sentences;
    
    return Math.min(1, (avgWordsPerSentence / 30) + (words / 500));
  }
  
  private calculateSpecificity(prompt: string): number {
    const specificTerms = prompt.match(/\b[A-Z][a-z]+\b/g) || [];
    const totalWords = prompt.split(/\s+/).length;
    
    return Math.min(1, specificTerms.length / totalWords * 10);
  }
  
  private calculateAmbiguity(prompt: string): number {
    const ambiguousTerms = ['might', 'maybe', 'could', 'possibly', 'sometimes'];
    const count = ambiguousTerms.reduce((acc, term) => 
      acc + (prompt.match(new RegExp(`\\b${term}\\b`, 'gi'))?.length || 0), 0
    );
    
    const totalWords = prompt.split(/\s+/).length;
    return Math.min(1, count / totalWords * 20);
  }
  
  private positionToWordIndex(text: string, position: number): number {
    const beforePosition = text.substring(0, position);
    return beforePosition.split(/\s+/).length - 1;
  }
  
  private extractInstructions(prompt: string): string[] {
    const matches = prompt.match(/(?:should|must|will|shall)\s+[^.!?]+[.!?]/gi) || [];
    return matches.map(m => m.trim());
  }
  
  private extractExamples(prompt: string): string[] {
    const matches = prompt.match(/(?:for example|e\.g\.|such as)[^.!?]+[.!?]/gi) || [];
    return matches.map(m => m.trim());
  }
  
  private extractConstraints(prompt: string): string[] {
    const matches = prompt.match(/(?:don't|cannot|must not|avoid)[^.!?]+[.!?]/gi) || [];
    return matches.map(m => m.trim());
  }
  
  private generateRandomMutations(prompt: string): PromptMutation[] {
    const mutations: PromptMutation[] = [];
    const numMutations = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) + 1;
    
    for (let i = 0; i < numMutations; i++) {
      const types: PromptMutation['type'][] = ['insertion', 'deletion', 'substitution', 'reordering'];
      const type = types[Math.floor(Math.random() * types.length)];
      
      mutations.push({
        type,
        location: Math.floor(Math.random() * prompt.length),
        content: type === 'insertion' ? this.generateRandomInstruction() : undefined,
        probability: Math.random()
      });
    }
    
    return mutations;
  }
  
  private generateRandomInstruction(): string {
    const templates = [
      "Be more specific about {topic}.",
      "Include examples when discussing {concept}.",
      "Provide step-by-step explanations.",
      "Consider edge cases and exceptions.",
      "Maintain consistency in terminology."
    ];
    
    return templates[Math.floor(Math.random() * templates.length)]
      .replace('{topic}', 'the subject')
      .replace('{concept}', 'complex ideas');
  }
  
  private crossoverPrompts(prompt1: string, prompt2: string): string {
    const sections1 = prompt1.split(/\n\n+/);
    const sections2 = prompt2.split(/\n\n+/);
    
    const childSections: string[] = [];
    const maxSections = Math.max(sections1.length, sections2.length);
    
    for (let i = 0; i < maxSections; i++) {
      if (i < sections1.length && i < sections2.length) {
        // Randomly choose section from either parent
        childSections.push(Math.random() < 0.5 ? sections1[i] : sections2[i]);
      } else if (i < sections1.length) {
        childSections.push(sections1[i]);
      } else if (i < sections2.length) {
        childSections.push(sections2[i]);
      }
    }
    
    return childSections.join('\n\n');
  }
  
  private findPromptId(metaContinuation: MetaContinuation<any>): string {
    // Simple implementation - in practice would maintain proper mapping
    return `meta-${Date.now()}`;
  }
}

// Example usage of Meta-prompting Through Continuations
async function demonstrateMetaPrompting() {
  const metaSystem = new MetaPromptingThroughContinuations();
  
  // Create initial meta-prompt
  const analysisPrompt = metaSystem.createMetaPrompt<any>(`
Analyze the provided text and extract key insights.

Instructions:
- Identify main themes
- Highlight important points
- Provide actionable conclusions

{{meta:self}}
{{meta:analysis}}
  `);
  
  // Analyze the prompt itself
  console.log("Initial analysis:", analysisPrompt.meta.analyze());
  
  // Create mutations
  const mutatedPrompt = analysisPrompt.meta.mutate([
    {
      type: 'insertion',
      location: 50,
      content: '\n- Consider multiple perspectives',
      probability: 1.0
    }
  ]);
  
  console.log("Mutated prompt:", mutatedPrompt.prompt);
  
  // Compose with another prompt
  const summaryPrompt = metaSystem.createMetaPrompt(`
Summarize content concisely.

Requirements:
- Maximum 3 paragraphs
- Clear and direct language
  `);
  
  const composedPrompt = analysisPrompt.meta.compose(summaryPrompt);
  console.log("Composed prompt:", composedPrompt.prompt);
  
  // Optimize prompt for specific objective
  const optimizedPrompt = await analysisPrompt.meta.optimize(
    (result) => {
      // Fitness function: prefer balanced analysis
      const analysis = result.metaAnalysis;
      const balance = 1 - Math.abs(0.5 - analysis.complexity);
      const clarity = 1 - analysis.ambiguity;
      return (balance + clarity) / 2;
    }
  );
  
  console.log("Optimized prompt:", optimizedPrompt.prompt);
  
  // Execute meta-prompt with self-modification
  const result = await optimizedPrompt.execute();
  console.log("Execution result:", result);
  
  // Demonstrate meta-meta prompting
  const metaMetaPrompt = metaSystem.createMetaPrompt(`
Create a prompt that can:
{{#meta-op generateMetaPrompt}}
- Generate other prompts
- Evaluate prompt effectiveness
- Evolve based on performance
{{/meta-op}}

This is a {{meta:history}} generation prompt with {{meta:self}} capabilities.
  `);
  
  const metaMetaResult = await metaMetaPrompt.execute();
  console.log("Meta-meta result:", metaMetaResult);
}

// =============================================================================
// MAIN DEMONSTRATION
// =============================================================================

async function runAllDemonstrations() {
  console.log("=== DEEP DIVE: PROMPTS AS DELIMITED CONTINUATIONS ===\n");
  
  console.log("\n--- 1. Prompts as Initial Continuations ---");
  await demonstratePromptsAsInitialContinuations();
  
  console.log("\n--- 2. Dynamic Prompt Weaving ---");
  await demonstrateDynamicPromptWeaving();
  
  console.log("\n--- 3. Prompt Handlers as Continuation Marks ---");
  await demonstratePromptHandlersAsMarks();
  
  console.log("\n--- 4. Meta-prompting Through Continuations ---");
  await demonstrateMetaPrompting();
}

// Uncomment to run all demonstrations
// runAllDemonstrations();