api_authenticable.rb

shared_examples_for "API Authenticable" do
  context "unauthorized" do
    it 'returns 401 status if request has not access token' do
      do_request(method, api_path)
      expect(response.status).to eq 401
    end

    it 'returns 401 status if access token is invalid' do
      do_request(method, api_path, access_token: '1234')
      expect(response.status).to eq 401
    end
  end
end

api_helpers.rb

module ApiHelpers
  def do_request(method, path, options = {})
    send method, path, { format: :json }.merge(options)
  end
end

question_spec.rb

RSpec.describe "Questions API" do
  describe "GET /index" do
    it_behaves_like "API Authenticable" do
      let(:method) { :get }
      let(:api_path) { '/api/v1/questions' }
    end
  end
end

rails_helper.rb

RSpec.configure do |config|
  # ..
  config.include ApiHelpers
  # ..
end