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Event Latency Scaled | |
1 CPU cycle 0.3 ns 1 s | |
Level 1 cache access 0.9 ns 3 s | |
Level 2 cache access 2.8 ns 9 s | |
Level 3 cache access 12.9 ns 43 s | |
Main memory access (DRAM, from CPU) 120 ns 6 min | |
Solid-state disk I/O (flash memory) 50-150 us 2-6 days | |
Rotational disk I/O 1-10 ms 1-12 months | |
Internet: San Francisco to New York 40 ms 4 years | |
Internet: San Francisco to United Kingdom 81 ms 8 years | |
Internet: San Francisco to Australia 183 ms 19 years | |
TCP packet retransmit 1-3 s 105-317 years | |
OS virtualization system reboot 4 s 423 years | |
SCSI command time-out 30 s 3 millennia | |
Hardware (HW) virtualization system reboot 40 s 4 millennia | |
Physical system reboot 5 m 32 millennia | |
Reference: System Performance Enterprise and Clouds by Brendan Gregg. |
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