Run ts-node in VSCode Debugger

launch.json

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Example",
      "type": "node",
      "request": "launch",
      "runtimeExecutable": "node",
      "runtimeArgs": ["--nolazy", "-r", "ts-node/register/transpile-only"],

      "args": ["src/script.ts", "--example", "hello"],
      
      "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
      "internalConsoleOptions": "openOnSessionStart",
      "skipFiles": ["<node_internals>/**", "node_modules/**"]
    }
  ]
}

For running ESModules using ts-node you might want to use a task-configuration looking like this:

{
    "type": "node",
    "request": "launch",
    "name": "Launch ESModule TypeScript File",
    "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
    "runtimeArgs": [
        "--loader",
        "ts-node/esm",
        "--no-warnings"
    ],
    "program": "{ Path to Your `.ts` File}"
}