Consider this an informal guide to reading the Solana snapshot format. This guide is written for Solana Labs versions v1.14 through v1.17.
You are probably reading this because you want to read the accounts in a snapshot without going through the pain of interfacing with the Solana Labs codebase.
We assume general familiarity with the Solana ledger.
By default Linux distros are unoptimized in terms of I/O latency. So, here are some tips to improve that.
Most apps still don't do multi-threaded I/O access, so it's a thread-per-app which makes per-app speed always bottlenecked by single-core CPU performance (that's not even accounting for stuttering on contention between multiple processes), so even with NVMe capable of 3-6 GB/s of linear read you may get only 1-2 GB/s with ideal settings and 50-150/100-400 MB/s of un/buffered random read (what apps actually use in real life) is the best you can hope for.
All writes are heavily buffered on 3 layers (OS' RAM cache, device's RAM cache, device's SLC-like on-NAND cache), so it's difficult to get real or stable numbers but writes are largelly irrelevant for system's responsiveness, so they may be sacrificed for better random reads.
The performance can be checked by:
Syncing an Ethereum node is largely reliant on latency and IOPS, I/O Per Second, of the storage. Budget SSDs will struggle to an extent, and some won't be able to sync at all. IOPS can roughly be used as proxy of / predictor for latency. Measuring latency directly is arguably better.
This document aims to snapshot some known good and known bad models.
The drive lists are ordered by interface and then by capacity and alphabetically by vendor name, not by preference. The lists are not exhaustive at all. @mwpastore linked a filterable spreadsheet in comments that has a far greater variety of drives and their characteristics. Filter it by DRAM yes, NAND Type TLC, Form Factor M.2, and desired capacity.
For size, 4TB is a very conservative choice. The smaller 2TB drive should last an Ethereum full node until at least sometime 2026, with [pre-merge history expiry](https://hackmd.io/@hBXHLw_9Qq2va4pRtI4bI
Would be nice to have someone better in on-chain analysis to double check these.
SatrunBeam Finance was a yield aggregator on Moonriver, a EVM-Compatible parachain on Kusama in the Polkadot ecosystem.
It attracted several millions of liquidity within a month. The team is anon and they claimed that the contracts are audited by BitRise whose domain name was only registered on 2022-08-22 (https://who.is/whois/bitriseaudits.com). And the contracts were never actually verified on the block explorer.
| // We support the GET, POST, HEAD, and OPTIONS methods from any origin, | |
| // and allow any header on requests. These headers must be present | |
| // on all responses to all CORS preflight requests. In practice, this means | |
| // all responses to OPTIONS requests. | |
| const corsHeaders = { | |
| "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*", | |
| "Access-Control-Allow-Methods": "GET,HEAD,POST,OPTIONS", | |
| "Access-Control-Max-Age": "86400", | |
| } |
| wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/polipo/polipo_1.1.1-8_amd64.deb | |
| sudo dpkg -i polipo_1.1.1-8_amd64.deb |
| """ | |
| say you have a private repo, which is not suitable for push to github | |
| but you want github to show your activity for this repo | |
| so, this script will help you sync commit message to `githubrepo`, using empty commits | |
| used commands: | |
| git log --all '--pretty=format:%ad|%s' | |
| git commit -m "message" --date "Sun Jun 17 12:48:07 2018 +0800" --allow-empty | |
| """ |
| import re | |
| import json | |
| from mitmproxy import ctx | |
| from urllib.parse import quote | |
| from pprint import pformat | |
| def response(flow): | |
| path = flow.request.path | |
| if path == '/index/index_one_nine_two/make_question': | |
| ctx.log.info('Start') |
| // demoshell is a nifty beaconing shell useful for demos | |
| package main | |
| /* | |
| * demoshell.go | |
| * Simple reverse shell used in demos | |
| * By J. Stuart McMurray | |
| * Created 20180331 | |
| * Last Modified 20180331 | |
| */ |
| import re | |
| import requests | |
| from bs4 import BeautifulSoup | |
| # 赠送的网址(post) | |
| exchange_url = "http://www.nexushd.org/mybonus.php?action=exchange" | |
| # 98的帖子网址 | |
| cc98_url = "http://www.cc98.org/dispbbs.asp" |
